VII. Aquatic Conservation Links

Complete Bibliography for
Stream Ecology
by: J. David Allan

A | B | C | D | E | F | G

H | I | J | K | L | M | N

O | P | Q | R | S | T | U

V | W | X | Y | Z

H | Back to top
Hall, C.A.S. 1972. Migration and metabolism in a temperate stream ecosystem. Ecology 53:585-604.

Hall, R.J., C.T. Driscoll and G.E. Likens. 1987. Importance of hydrogen ions and aluminium in regulating the structure and function of stream ecosystems: an experimental test. Freshwater Biology 18:17-43.

Hall, R.J., G.E. Likens, S.B. Fiance and G.R. Hendrey. 1980. Experimental acidification of a stream in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire. Ecology 61:976-989.

Hamilton, H.R. and H.F. Clifford. 1983. The seasonal food habits of mayfly (Ephemeroptera) nymphs from three Alberta, Canada, streams, with special reference to absolute volume and size of particles ingested. Archiv fr Hydrobiologie/Supplement 65:19 7- 234.

Hamilton, W.D. 1971. Geometry for the selfish herd. Journal of Theoretical Biology 31:295-311.

Hansmann, E.W., C.B. Lane and J.D. Hall. 1971. A direct method of measuring benthic primary production in streams. Limnology and Oceanography 16:822-826.

Hargrave, B.T. 1976. The central role of invertebrate feces in sediment decomposition. pp 301-321 In: J.M. Anderson and A. Macfadyen (eds.) The Role of Terrestrial and Aquatic Organisms in Decomposition Processes. Blackwell, Oxford.

Harmon, M.E., J.F. Franklin, F.J. Swanson, P. Sollins, S.V. Gregory, J.D. Lattin, N.H. Anderson, S.P. Cline, N.G. Aumen, J.R. Sedell, G.W. Lienkaemper, K. Cromack and K.W. Cummins. 1986. Ecology of coarse woody debris in temperate ecosystems. Advances in Ecological Research 15:133-302.

Harr, R.D. 1986. Effects of clear-cutting on rain-on-snow runoff in western Oregon: a new look at old studies. Water Resources Research 22:1095-1100.

Harr, R.D., W.C. Harper and J.T. Krygier. 1975. Changes in storm hydrographs after road building and clear-cutting in the Oregon coast range. Water Resources Research 11:436-444.

Harr, R.D., A. Levno and R. Mersereau. 1982. Streamflow changes after logging 130-year-old Douglas Fir in two small watersheds. Water Resources Research 18:637-644.

Harrison, A.D., N.V. Williams and G. Greig. 1970. Studies on the effects of calcium bicarbonate concentrations on the biology of Biomphalaria pfeifferi (Krauss) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) Hydrobiologia 36:317-327.

Hart, D.D. 1978. Diversity in stream insects: regulation by rock size and microspatial complexity. Verhandlungen der Internationalen Vereinigung fr und Angewandte Limnologie Theoretische 20:1376-81.

Hart, D.D. 1981. Foraging and resource patchiness: field experiments with a grazing stream insect. Oikos 37:46-52.

Hart, D.D. 1985a. Causes and consequences of territoriality in a grazing steam insect. Ecology 66:404-413.

Hart, D.D. 1985b. Grazing insects mediate algal interactions in a stream benthic community. Oikos 44:40-46.

Hartman, G.F. 1965. The role of behaviour in the ecology and steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri). Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 22:1035-1081.

Haslam, S.M. 1988. River Plants of Western Europe. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Hasler, A.D. 1957. Olfaction and gustatory senses of fish. pp. 187-209 In: M.E. Brown (ed.), The physiology of fishes. Academic Press, New York.

Hauer, F.R., J.A. Stanford and J.V. Ward. 1989. Serial discontinuities in a Rocky Mountain river. II. Distribution and abundance of Trichoptera. Regulated Rivers: Research and Management 3:177-182.

Hawkins, C.P. 1986. Variation in individual growth rates and population densities of ephemerellid mayflies. Ecology 67:1384- 1395.

Hawkins, C.P. and J.K. Furnish. 1987. Are snails important competitors in stream ecosystems? Oikos 49:09220.

Hawkins, C.P., M.L. Murphy and N.H. Anderson. 1982. Effects of canopy, substrate composition, and gradient on the structure of macroinvertebrate communities in Cascade Range streams of Oregon. Ecology 63:1840-1856.

Hawkins, C.P., M.L. Murphy and N.H. Anderson. 1982. Effects of canopy, substrate composition, and gradient in the structure of macroinvertebrate communities in Cascade range streams of Oregon. Ecology 63:1840-1856.

Hearn, W.E. 1987. Interspecific competition and habitat segregation among stream-dwelling trout and salmon: a review. Fisheries 12:24-31.

Hedges, J.I., W.I. Clark, P.D. Quay, J.E. Richey, A.H. Devol and U. de M. Santos. 1986. Composition and fluxes of particulate organic matter in the Amazon River. Limnology and Oceanography 31:717-738.

Hedin, L.O. 1990. Factors controlling sediment community respiration in woodland streams. Oikos 57:94-105.

Hemphill, N. 1988. Competition between two stream dwelling filter-feeders, Hydrospyche oslari and Simulium virgatum. Oecologia 77:73-80,

Hemphill, N. and S.D. Cooper. 1983. The effect of physical disturbance on the relative abundances of two filter-feeding insects in a small stream. Oecologia 58:378-382.

Herbst, G.N. 1982. Efects of leaf type on the consumption rates of aquatic detritivores. Hydrobiologia 89:77-87.

Hildebrand, S.G. 1974. The relation of drift to benthos density and food level in an artificial stream. Limnology and Oceanography 19:951-957.

Hildrew, A.G., M.K. Dobson, A. Groom, A. Ibbotson, J. Lancaster and S.D. Rundle. Flow and retention in the ecology of stream invertebrates. Verhandlungen der Internationalen Vereinigung fr Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie 24:1742-1747.

Hildrew, A.G. and J.M. Edington. 1979. Factors facilitating the coexistence of hydropsychid caddis larve (Trichoptera) in the same river system. Journal of Animal Ecology 48:557-576.

Hildrew, A.G. and C.R. Townsend. 1976. The distribution of two predators and their prey in an iron rich stream. Journal of Animal Ecology 45:41-57.

Hildrew, A.G. and C.R. Townsend. 1980. Aggregation, interference and foraging by larvae of Plectrocnemia conspersa (Trichoptera: Polycentropodidae). Animal Behavior 28:553-560.

Hildrew, A.G. and C.R. Townsend. 1982. Predators and prey in a patchy environment: a freshwater study. Journal of Animal Ecology 51:797-816.

Hildrew, A.G., C.R. Townsend and J. Francis. 1984. Community structure in some southern English streams: the influence of species interactions. Freshwater Biology 14:297-310.

Hildrew, A.G., C.R. Townsend, J. Francis and K. Finch. 1984. Cellulolytic decomposition in streams of contrAsting pH and its relationship with invertebrate community structure. Freshwater Biology 14:323-328.

Hildrew, A.G., C.R. Townsend and A. Hasham. 1985. The predatory Chironomidae of an iron-rich stream: feeding ecology and food web structure. Ecological Entomology 10:403-413.

Hill, A.R. 1979. Denitrification in the nitrogen budget of a river system. Nature 281:291-293.

Hill, B.H. and J.R. Webster. 1982a. Periphyton production in an Appalachian river. Hydrobiologia 97:275-280.

Hill, B.H. and J.R. Webster. 1982b. Aquatic macrophyte breakdown in an Appalachian river. Hydrobiologia 89:53-59.

Hill, B.H. and J.R. Webster. 1983. Aquatic macrophyte contribution to the New River organic matter budget. pp 273-282 In: T. Fontaine and S. Bartell (eds.), Dynamics of Lotic Ecosystems, Ann Arbor Science, Michigan.

Hill, W.R. 1992. Food limitation and interspecific competition in snail-dominated streams. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 49:1257-1267.

Hill, W.R. and A.W. Knight. 1987. Experimental analysis of the grazing interaction between a mayfly and stream algae. Ecology 68:1955-1965.

Hill, W.R. and A.W. Knight. 1988. Concurrent grazing effects of two stream insects on periphyton. Limnology and Oceanography 33:15-26.

Hixon, M.A. 1986. Fish predation and local prey diversity. pp. 235-257 In: C.A. Simenstad and G.M. Cailliet (eds.), Contemporary studies on fish feeding, Dr. W. Junk, the Netherlands.

Hobbie, J.E. and G.E. Likens 1973. Output of phosphorus, dissolved organic carbon, and fine particulate carbon from Hubbard Brook watersheds. Limnology and Oceanography 18:734-742.

Hocutt, C.H. and E.O. Wiley (eds.). 1986. Zoogeography of North American freshwater fishes. Wiley Interscience, New York.

Hoffman, G.L. and G. Schubert. 1984. Some parasites of exotic fishes. pp 233-261 In: Courtenay, W.W. and J.R. Stauffer, Jr. (eds.) Distribution, biology, and management of exotic fishes. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD.

Holeman, J.N. 1968. The sediment yield of major rivers of the world. Water Resources Research 4:737-747.

Holt, C.S. and T.F. Waters. 1967. Effect of light intensity on the drift of stream invertebrates. Ecology 48:225-34.

Holtby, L.B. 1988. Effects of logging on stream temperatures in Carnation Creek, British Columbia, and associated impacts on the coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45:502-515.

Hora, S.L. 1928. Animal life in torrential streams. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 32:111-126.

Horne, A.J. and C.J.W. Carmiggelt. 1975. Algal nitrogen fixation in California streams: seasonal cycles. Freshwater Biology 5:461-470.

Hornick, L.E., J.R. Webster and E.F. Benfield. 1981. Periphyton production in an Appalachian mountain stream. American Midland Naturalist 106:22-36.

Horton, R.E. 1945. Erosional development of streams and their drainage basins: hydrophysical approach to quantitative morphology. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 56:275-350.

Horwitz, R.J. 1978. Temporal variability patterns and the distributional patterns of stream fishes. Ecological Monographs 48:307-321.

Hoskin, C.M. 1959. Studies of oxygen metabolism of streams of North Carolina. Publications of the Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Texas 6:186-192.

Huet, M. 1949. Apercu des relations entre la pente et les populations piscicoles deseaux courantes. Schweiz. Z. Hydrol. 11:333-351.

Hughes, D.A. 1966. The roles of responses to light in the selection and maintenance of microhabitat by the nymphs of two species of mayfly. Animal Behavior 14:17-33.

Hughes, D.A. 1970. Some factors affecting drift and upstream movements of Gammarus pulex. Ecology 51:301-5.

Hughes, R.M. and J.M. Omernik. 1983. An alternative for characterizing stream size. pp 87-102 in T.D. Fontaine and S.M. Bartell (eds.), Dynamics of Lotic Ecosystems, Ann Arbor Science.

Hultin, L. 1968. A method of trapping freshwater Amphipoda migrating upstream. Oikos 19:400-402.

Hultin, L., Svensson, B.W., Ulfstrand, S. 1969. Upstream movements of insects in a south Swedish small stream. Oikos 20:553-57.

Hunter, C.J. 1991. Better trout habitat. Island Press, Washington, D.C.

Hurlbert, S.H. 1984. Pseudoreplication and the design of ecological field experiments. Ecological Monographs 54:187-211.

Hutchinson, G.E. 1957. A Treatise on Limnology. Volume 1. Geography, Physics, and Cheistry. John Wiley & Sons, New York.

Hutchinson, G.E. 1975. A treatise on Limnology. Volume 3. Limnological Botany. Wiley-Interscience, New York

Hutchinson, G.E. 1981. Thoughts on aquatic insects. Bioscience 31:495-500.

Hyatt, K.D. 1979. Feeding strategy. pp. 71-119 In: W.S. Hoar, D.J. Randall and J.R. Brett (eds). Fish Physiology, Volume 8. Academic Press, New York.

Hynes, H.B.N. 1941. The taxonomy and ecology of the nymphs of British Plecoptera, with notes on the adults and eggs. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 91:459-557.

Hynes, H.B.N. 1955. Distribution of some freshwater Amphipoda in Britain. Verhandlungen der Internationalen Vereinigung fr Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie 12:620-628.

Hynes, H.B.N. 1969. The enrichment of streams. pp 188-196 In: Eutrophication: Causes, Consequences, Correctives. National Academy Of Sciences, Washinton D.C.

Hynes, H.B.N. 1970. The ecology of running waters. University of Toronto Press.

Hynes, H.B.N. 1975. The stream and its valley. Verhandlungin Internationale Vereinigung fr Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie 19::1-15.

Hynes, H.B.N. 1988. Biogeography and origins of the North American stoneflies (Plecoptera). Mem. Ent. Soc. Can. 144:31-37.

Hyslop, E.J. 1980. Stomach contents analysis - a review of methods and their application. Journ al of Fish Biology 17:411- 429.

I | Back to top
Ide, F.P. 1942. Availability of aquatic insects as food of the speckled trout, Salvelinus fontinalis. Transactions of the North American Wildlife Conference 7:442-450.

Illies, J. 1969. Biogeography and ecology of of neotropical freshwater insects, especially those from running waters. pp. 685-708 In: E.J. Fittkau et al. (eds). Biogeography and ecology in South America. Dr. W. Junk, The Hague.

Illies, J. 1971. Emergenz 1969 im Breitenbach. Archives fr Hydrobiologie 69:14-59.

Illies, J. and L. Botosaneanu. 1963. ProblŠmes et m‚thodes de la classification et de la zonation ‚cologique des eaux courantes, consider‚es surtout du point de vue faunistique. Mitteilungen Internationalen Vereinigung fr Theoretische und Angewandte L imnologie 12, 57 pp.

Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data. 1982. Guideleines for determining flood frequency. Hydrology Subcommittee Bulletin 17B, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston VA.

Ittekkot, V. 1988. Global trends in the nature of organic matter in river suspensions. Nature 332:436-438.

Iverson, T.M. 1973. Decomposition of autumn-shed leaves in a springbrook and its significance for the fauna. Archiv fr Hydrobiologie 72:305-312.

Iverson, T.M., J. Thorup, T.Hansen, J. Lodal and J. Olsen. 1985. Quantitative estimates and community structure of invertebrates in a macrophyte rich stream. Archives fr Hydrobiologie 102:291- 301.

Ivlev, V.S. 1961. Experimental ecology of the feeding of fishes. Yale University Press, New Haven CT.

J | Back to top
Jaag, O. and H. Ambhl. 1964. The effect of the current on the composition of biocoenoses in flowing water streams. Advances in Water Pollution Research 1:31-49.

Jacobi, G.Z. 1979. Ecological comparisons of stream sections with and without fish populations, Yellowstone National Park. National Park Service Research Center, University of Wyoming, Laramie.

Jansson, A. and T. Vuoristo. 1979. Significance of stridulation in larval Hydropsychidae (Trichoptera). Behaviour 171:167-186.

Jazdzewski, K. 1980. Range extensions of some gammaridian species on European inland waters caused by human activity. Crustaceana, Supplement b: 84:107.

Jeffries, M.J. and J.H. Lawton. 1984. Enemy free space and the structure of ecological communities. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 23:269-286.

Jenkins, T.M. 1969. Night feeding of brown and rainbow trout in an experimental stream channel. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 26:3275-3278.

Johnson, D.M. and P.H. Crowley 1979. Odonate "hide-and-seek": habitat-specific rules? pp. 569-579 In: W.C. Kerfoot (ed.), Evolution and ecology of zooplankton communities, New England University Press, Hanover NH.

Johnson, P.L. and W.T. Swank. 1973. Studies of cation budgets in the southern Appalachians on four experimental watersheds with contrasting vegetation. Ecology 54:70-80.

Jones, J.B. and L.A. Smock. 1991. Transport and retention of particulate organic matter in two low-gradient headwater streams. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 10:115-126.

Jones, J.G. 1974. A method for observation and enumeration of epilithic algae directly on the surface of stones. Oecologia 16:1-8.

Jones, J.G. 1978. Spatial variation in epilithic algae in a stony stream (Wilfin Beck) with particular reference to Cocconeis placentula. Freshwater Biology 8:539-546.

Jones, J.R.E. 1949. A further ecological study of calcareous streams in the 'Black Mountain' District, South Wales. Journal of Animal Ecology 18:142-159.

Jones, J.R.E. 1950. A further ecological study of the River Rheidol: the food of the common insects of the main-stream. Journal of Animal Ecology 19:159-174.

Junk, W.J., P.B. Bayley and R.E. Sparks. 1989. The flood pulse concept in river-floodplain systems. pp 110-127 In: D.P. Dodge (ed.), Proceedings of the International Large River Symposium. Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 1 06.

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Kahrl, W.L. (ed.) 1979. California Water Atlas. William Kaufman, Inc., Los Altos CA.

Kaplan, L.A. and T.L. Bott. 1982. Diel fluctuations of DOC generated by algae in a Piedmont stream. Limnology and Oceanography 27:1091-1100.

Kaplan, L.A. and T.L. Bott. 1989. Diel fluctuations in bacterial activity on streambed substrata during vernal algal blooms: Effects of temperature, water chemistry, and habitat. Limnology and Oceanography 34:718-733.

Karr, J.R. 1981. Assessment of biological integrity using fish communities. Fisheries 6:21-27.

Karr, J.R. 1991. Biological integrity: a long-neglected aspect of water resource management. Ecological applications 1:66-84.

Karr, J.R. and I.J. Schlosser. 1978. Water resources and the land water interface. Science 201:229--234.

Karr, J.R., L.A. Toth and D.R. Dudley. 1985. Fish communities of midwestern rivers: A history of degradation. Bioscience 35:90-95.

Kaufman, L. 1992. Catastrophic change in species-rich freshwater ecosystems. Bioscience 42:846-858.

Kaushik, N.K. and H.B.N. Hynes. 1971. The fate of autumn-shed leaves that fall into streams. Archiv fr Hydrobiologie 68:465-515.

Kaushik, N.K. and J.B. Robinson. 1976. Preliminary observations of nitrogen transport during summer in a small spring-fed Ontario stream. Hydrobiologia 49:59-63.

Kazmierczak, R.F., Jr., J.R. Webster and E.F. Benfield. 1987. Characteristics of seston in a regulated Appalachian mountain river, U.S.A. Regulated Rivers: Research and Management 1:287- 300.

Kehew, A.E. and M.L. Lord. 1987. Glacial-lake outbursts along the mid-continent margins of the Laurentide ice-sheet. pp 95-120 In: L. Mayer and D. Nash (eds.), Catastrophic flooding: Binghamton Symposia in Geomorphology (Number 18), Allen and Unwin, B oston Massachusetts.

Keithan, E.D. and R.L. Lowe. 1985. Primary productivity and spatial structure of phytolithic growth in streams in the Great Smokey Mountains National Park, Tennessee. Hydrobiologia 123:59- 67.

Kelly, P.M. and J.S. Cory. 1987. Operculum closing as a defense against predatory leeches in four British freshwater prosobranch snails. Hydrobiologia 144:121-124.

Kempe, S., M. Pettine, and G. Cauwet. 1991. Biogeochemistry of European rivers. pp.169-212 In: E.T. Degens, S. Kempe and J.E. Richey (eds.) Biogeochemistry of major world rivers. John Wiley & Sons, New York.

Kerfoot, W.C. and A. Sih. 1987. Predation: Direct and indirect impacts on aquatic communities. University Press of New England, Hanover, NH.

Kilham, P. 1990. Mechanisms controling the chemical composition of lakes and rivers: Data from Africa. Limnology and Oceanography 35:80-83.

King, D.L. and R.C. Ball. 1966. A qualitative and quantitative measure of aufwuchs production. Transactions of the American Microscopal Society 85:232-240.

King, D.L. and R.C. Ball. 1967. Comparative energetics of a polluted stream. Limnology and Oceanography 12:27-33.

Klotz, R.L., J.R. Cain and F.R. Trainor. 1976. Algal competition in a epilithic flora. Journal of Phycology 12:363-368.

Knight, A.W. and A.R. Gaufin. 1963. The effect of water flow, temperature, and oxygen concentration on the Plecoptera nymph, Acroneuria pacifica Banks. Proceedings of the Utah Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters 40:175-184.

Knight, A.W., M.A. Simmons and C.S. Simmons. 1976. A phenomenological approach to the growth of the winter stonefly, Taenyopteryx nivalis (Fitch) (Plecoptera:Taeniopterygidae). Growth 40:343-367.

Kohler, S.L. 1984. Search mechanism of a stream grazer in patchy environments: the role of food abundance. Oecologia 62:209-218.

Kohler, S.L. 1983. Positioning on substrates, positioning changes, and diel drift periodicities in mayflies. Canadian Journal of Zoology 61:1362-1368.

Kohler, S.L. 1985. Identification of stream drift mechanisms: An experimental and observational approach. Ecology 66:1749-1761.

Kohler, S.L. 1992. Competition and the structure of a benthic stream community. Ecological Monographs 62:165-188.

Koslucher, D.G. and G.W. Minshall. 1973. Food habits of some benthic invertebrates in a northern cool-desert stream (Deep Creek, Curlew Valley, Idaho-Utah). Transactions of the American Microscopal Society 92:441-452.

Kovalak, W.P. 1976. Seasonal and diel changes in the positioning of Glossosoma nigrior Banks (Trichoptera:Glossosomatidae) on artifical substrates. Canadian Journal of Zoology 54:1585-1594.

Kovalak, W.P. 1978. Diel changes in stream benthos density on stones and artificial substrates. Hydrobiologia 58:7-16.

Kuehne, R.A. 1962. A classification of streams illustrated by fish distribution in an eastern Kentucky creek. Ecology 43:608- 614.

Kuusela, K. 1979. Early summer ecology and community structure of the macrozoobenthos on stones in the Javajankoski Rapids on the River Lestijoki, Finland. Acta Universitatis Ouluensis Series A Number 87.

L | Back to top
Lack, T.J. 1971. Quantitative studies on the phytoplankton of the Rivers Thames and Kennet at Reading. Freshwater Biology 1:213-224.

Lacoursiere, J.O. and D.A. Craig. 1993. Fluid transmission and filtration efficiency of the labral fans of black fly larvae (Dipetra: Simuliidae): hydrodynamic, morphological, and behavioural aspects. Canadian Journal of Zoology 71:148-162.

Ladle, M. and H. Casey. 1971. Growth and nutrient relationships of Ranunculus penicillatus var. calcareus in a small chalk stream. Proceedings of European Weed Research Council, 3rd. International Symposium on Aquatic Weeds, pp 53-62.

Ladle, M., D.A. Cooling, J.S. Welton and J.A.B. Bass. 1985. Studies on Chironomidae in experimental recirculating stream systems. II. The growth, development and production of a spring generation of Orthocladius (Euorthocladius) calvus Pinder. Fres hwater Biology 15:243-255.

Ladle, M. and B.S. Griffiths. 1980. A study on the faeces of some chalk stream invertebrates. Hydrobiologia 74:161-171.

Lamberti, G.A., L.R. Ashkenas, S.V. Gregory and A.D. Steinman. 1987. Effects of three herbivores on periphyton communities in laboratory streams. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 6:92-104.

Lamberti, G.A., J.W. Feminella and V.H. Resh. 1987. Herbivory and intraspecific competition in a stream caddisfly population. Oecologia 73:75-81.

Lamberti, G.A., S.V. Gregory, L.R. Ashkenas, A.D. Steinman and C.D. McIntire. 1989. Productive capacity of periphyton as a determinant of plant-herbivore interactions in streams. Ecology 70:1840-1856.

Lamberti, G.A. and J.W. Moore. 1984. Aquatic insects as primary consumers. pp 164-195 in V.H. Resh and D.M. Rosenberg (eds.), The Ecology of Aquatic Insects. Praeger Scientific, New York.

Lamberti, G.A., and V.H. Resh. 1983. Stream periphyton and insect herbivores: an experimental study of grazing by a caddisfly population. Ecology 64:1124-1135.

Lamp, W.O. and N.W. Britt. 1981. Resource partitioning by two species of stream mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae). Great Lakes Entomologist 14:151-157.

Lang, H.H. 1980. Surface wave discrimination between prey and nonprey by the backswimmer Notonecta glauca L. (Hemiptera, Heteroptera). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 6:233-246.

Larkin, P.A. 1956. Interspecific competition and popuation control in freshwater fish. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 13:327-342.

Larkin, P.A. and McKone, D.W. 1985. An evaluation by field experiments of the McLay model of stream drift. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 42:909-918.

Larson, R.A. 1978. Disolved organic matter of a low-coloured stream. Freshwater Biology 8:91-104.

Lawson, D.L., M.J. Klug and R.W. Merritt. 1984. The influence of physical, chemical, and microbiological characteristics of decomposing leaves on the growth of the detritivore Tipula abdominalis (Diptera: Tipulidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology 62:2339- 2343.

Ledger, D.C. 1981. The velocity of the River Tweed and its tributaries. Freshwater Biology 11:1-10.

Lee, D.S. C.R. Gilbert, C.H. Hocutt, R.E. Jenkins, D.E. McAllister, and J.R. Stauffer, Jr. 1980. Atlas of North American Freshwater Fish. North Carolina State Museum of Natural History.

Lehmann, U. 1967. Drift and Populationsdynamik von Gammarus pulex fossarum Koch. Zeitschrift fr Morphologie und Okologie der Tiere 60:2227-74.

Lehmann, U. 1972. Tagesperiodisches Verhalten und Habitatwechsel der Larven von Potamophylax luctuosus (Trichoptera). Oecologia 9:265-78.

Lehmkuhl, D.M. 1974. Thermal regime alterations and vital environmental physiological signals in aquatic systems. pp 216- 222 In: J.W. Gibbons and R.R. Sharitz (eds.), Thermal Ecology. AEC Symposium Series (CONF-730505).

Lelek, A. and C. K”hler. 1990. Restoration of fish communities of the Rhine River two years after a heavy pollution wave. Regulated Rivers: Research and Management 5:57-66.

Leopold, A. 1949. A Sand County Almanac. Oxford University Press, New York.

Leopold, L.B. 1962. Rivers. American Scientist 50:511-537.

Leopold, L.B. 1977. A reverence for rivers. Geology 5:429-430.

Leopold, L.B. and T. Maddock, Jr. 1953. The hydraulic geometry of stream channels and some physiographic implications. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 242, 57 pages.

Leopold, L.B., M.G. Wolman and J.P. Miller. 1964. Fluvial processes in geomorphology. W.H. Freeman, San Francisco.

Levine, J.S. 1992. Global climate change. pp 1-25 In: P. Firth and S.G. Fisher (eds.) Global Climate Change and Freshwater Ecosystems. Springer-Verlag, New York.

Levine, J.S. and M.F. MacNichol, Jr. 1979. Visual pigments in teleost fishes: effects of habitat, microhabitat, and behavior on visual system evolution. Sensory Processes 3:95-131.

Lewis, W.M. 1988. Primary production in the Orinoco River. Ecology 69:679-692.

Likens, G.E. 1984. Beyond the shoreline: A watershed-ecosystem approach. Verhandlungen der Internationalen Vereinigung fr Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie 22:1-22.

Likens, G.E. and F.H. Bormann. 1974. Linkages between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Bioscience 24:447-456.

Likens, G.E., F.H. Bormann, N.M. Johnson, D.W. Fisher and R.S. Pierce. 1970. Effects of forest cutting and herbicide treatment on nutrient budgets in the Hubbard Brook watershed-ecosystem. Ecological Monographs 40:23-47.

Likens, G.E., F.H. Bormann, N.M. Johnson and R.S. Pierce. 1967. The calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium budgets for a small forested ecosystem. Ecology 48:772-784.

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