Selected Papers

• Robert Axelrod, "The Rational Timing of Surprise," 1979.
  
  
• Robert Axelrod and William D. Hamilton, "The Evolution of Cooperation," 1981.
  

• Robert Axelrod, "Tips for an Academic Job Talk,"  1985.
  
  
• Robert Axelrod, "An Evolutionary Approach to Norms," 1986.
  

• Robert Axelrod, "The Evolution of Strategies in the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma," 1987.
  With supporting material.
  
  
• Robert Axelrod and Douglas Dion, "The Further Evolution of Cooperation," 1988.
  
  
• Robert Axelrod, "Citation Classic Commentary," 1992.
  
  
• Robert Axelrod and D. Scott Bennett, "A Landscape Theory of Aggregation," 1993.
  

• Robert Axelrod and Lisa D'Ambrosio, "Annotated Bibliography on The Evolution of Cooperation," 1994.
   
• Robert Axelrod, "A Model of the Emergence of New Political Actors," 1995.
  With supporting material.
  
  
• Robert Axelrod, Will Mitchell, Robert E. Thomas, D. Scott Bennett, Erhard Bruderer, "Coalition Formation in Standard-Setting Alliances," 1995.
   
• Jianzhong Wu and Robert Axelrod, "How to Cope with Noise in the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma," 1995.
With supporting material.
 
• Robert Axtell, Robert Axelrod, Joshua Epstein, and Michael D. Cohen, "Aligning Simulation Models: A Case Study and Results," 1996.
With supporting material.
 
• Robert Axelrod, "Advancing the Art of Simulation in the Social Sciences." 1997, 2005 update.
   
• Robert Axelrod, "The Dissemination of Culture: A Model with Local Convergence and Global Polarization," 1997.
  With supporting material.
  Other applications of the culture model.
  Java applet by Konstantin Klemm et al. to run the culture model.
  
  
• Robert Axelrod, " Resources for Agent-Based Modeling," 1997.
With supporting material.
 

• Robert Axelrod, "On Six Advances in Cooperation Theory," 2000.
   
• Michael D. Cohen, Rick L. Riolo and Robert Axelrod,"The Role of Social Structure in the Maintenance of Cooperative Regimes," 2001.
   
• Robert Axelrod, "Tit for Tat Strategies," 2001.
   
• Robert Axelrod, "Theoretical Foundations of Partnerships for Economic Development," 2001.
   
• Robert Axelrod, "Draft Proposal for the Reform and Enlargement of the UN Security Council," 2001.

• Robert Axelrod, "Draft: How to Negotiate for Reform of the UN Security Council," 2001.

• Rick Riolo, Michael D. Cohen and Robert Axelrod, "Evolution of Cooperation without Reciprocity," 2001.
                    Commentary by Nowak and Sigmund on this Nature article,  2001
                    Response to a Brief Communication on  this Nature article, 2001
   
• Robert Axelrod, Rick L. Riolo and Michael D. Cohen, "Beyond Geography: Cooperation with Persistent Links in the Absence of Clustered Neighborhoods,"  2002.
  

• Robert Axelrod, "Advancing the Art of Simulation in the Social Sciences," 2005 update
  


• Robert Axelrod, "Risk in Networked Information Systems," 2003.
  

Robert Axelrod, "Comparing Modeling Methodologies," 2004.


• Robert Axelrod, Ross A. Hammond, and Alan Grafen, "Altruism Via Kin-Selection Strategies That Rely on Arbitrary Tags With Which They Co-evolve," Evolution. 2004.
                      Archive of code and data.
  
  
• Robert Axelrod, "Proposal for the Community of Democracies," 2005.
  
  
• Robert Axelrod and Leigh Tesfatsion, "Guide for Newcombers to Agent-Based Modeling in the Social Sciences," 2005.
  
  
• Robert Axelrod, "Agent-Based Modeling As a Bridge Between Disciplines," 2005.
  
  
• Robert Axelrod, "Promoting Democracy through International Organizations," 2005
  
  
• Ross A. Hammond and Robert Axelrod, "Evolution of Contingent Altruism When Cooperation Is Expensive," 2006
  .
  
• Ross A. Hammond and Robert Axelrod, "The Evolution of Ethnocentrism, " 2006.
                    Animation of the simulation.
                    Archive of code and data
  
  
• Robert Axelrod, Kenneth J. Pienta and David E. Axelrod "Evolution of Cooperation Between Tumor Cells," 2006.
  
  
• Scott Atran, Robert Axelrod and Richard Davis, "Sacred Barriers to Conflict Resolution," 2007.
  
  
• Scott Atran and Robert Axelrod, "Reframing Sacred Values," 2008.
  
  
• Kenneth J. Pienta, Natalie McGrego, Robert Axelrod and David E. Axelrod, "Ecological Therapy for Cancer: Defining Tumors Using an Ecosystem Paradigm Suggests New Opportunities for Novel Cancer Treatments," 2008.
  
  
• Robert Axelrod, "Political Science and Beyond: Presidential Address to the American Political Science Association." 2008.

• Robert Axelrod, "Governing the Cyber Commons." 2010.

• Scott Atran and Robert Axelrod, "Interview with Ramadan Shallah, Secretary General, Palestinian Islamic Jihad." 2010.

• Scott Atran and Robert Axelrod, "Why We Talk to Terrorists." 2010.

• Robert Axelrod, "Launching the 'Evolution of Cooperation,'" 2012.

(All links lead to PDF copies of the research papers, unless otherwise noted.)

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Last updated: May 8, 2012