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Bruno, Michael. 1963. "Domestic Resource Costs and Effective Protection: Clarification and Synthesis," Journal of Political Economy 80, (Jan.-Feb.), pp. 16-33. See domestic resource cost.

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Calvo, Guillermo A. and Carmen Reinhart. 2002. "Fear of Floating," Quarterly Journal of Economics 117, (May), pp. 379-408. See fear of floating.

Carr, David L., James R. Markusen, and Keith E. Maskus. 2001. "Estimating the Knowledge-Capital Model of the Multinational Enterprise," American Economic Review 91, (June), pp. 693-708. See knowledge capital model.

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Chipman, John S. 1965. "A Survey of the Theory of International Trade: Part I, The Classical Theory," Econometrica 33, pp. 477-519. See comparative advantage.

Christensen, Laurits R., Dale W. Jorgenson, and Lawrence J. Lau. 1973. "Transcendental Logarithmic Production Frontiers," Review of Economics and Statistics 55, (February) pp. 28-45. See translog function.,

Coase, Ronald. 1960. "The Problem of Social Cost," Journal of Law and Economics 3, (October), pp. 1-44. See Coase Theorem.

Corden, W. Max. 1966. "The Structure of a Tariff System and the Effective Protective Rate," Journal of Political Economy 74, (June), pp. 221-237. See effective rate of protection.

Corden, W. Max. 1974. Trade Policy and Economic Welfare Oxford: Clarendon Press. See Conservative Social Welfare Function.

Corden, W. Max. and J. Peter Neary 1982. "Booming Sector and De-Industrialization in a Small Open Economy," Economic Journal 92, (December), pp. 825-848. See origin of Dutch Disease.

Cournot, A.. 1897. Researches into the Mathematical Principles of the Theory of Wealth, New York. See Cournot's Law.

Creamer, D.. 1943. "Shifts of Manufacturing Industries," Industrial Location and Natural Resources, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, pp. 85-104. See constant market share analysis.

Deardorff, Alan V. 1979. "One-Way Arbitrage and Its Implications for the Foreign Exchange Market," Journal of Political Economy 87, (April), pp. 351-364. See one-way arbitrage.

Deardorff, Alan V. 1980. "The General Validity of the Law of Comparative Advantage," Journal of Political Economy 88, (October), pp. 941-957. See Deardorff-Dixit-Norman Index.

Deardorff, Alan V. 1982. "The General Validity of the Heckscher-Ohlin Theorem," American Economic Review 72, (September), pp. 683-694. See comvariance.

Deardorff, Alan V. 1994. "The Possibility of Factor Price Equalization, Revisited," Journal of International Economics 36, (February), pp. 167-175. See lens condition.

Dixit, Avinash K and Gene M. Grossman. 1982. "Trade and Protection with Multistage Production," Review of Economic Studies 59, pp. 583-594. See multistage production.

Dixit, Avinash K and Victor Norman. 1980. Theory of International Trade London: Cambridge University Press. See Integrated World Economy; Deardorff-Dixit-Norman Index.

Dixit, Avinash K. and Joseph E. Stiglitz. 1977. "Monopolistic Competition and Optimum Product Diversity," American Economic Review 67, (June), pp. 297-308. See Dixit-Stiglitz function.

Dornbusch, Rudiger. 1976. "Expectations and Exchange Rate Dynamics," Journal of Political Economy 84, (December), pp. 1161-86. See exchange rate overshooting.

Dornbusch, Rudiger, Stanley Fischer, and Paul A. Samuelson. 1977. "Comparative Advantage, Trade, and Payments in a Ricardian Model with a Continuum of Goods," American Economic Review 67, (December), pp. 823-839. See DFS Model, continuum-of-goods model.

Dornbusch, Rudiger, Stanley Fischer, and Paul A. Samuelson. 1980. "Heckscher?Ohlin Trade Theory with a Continuum of Goods," Quarterly Journal of Economics 95, (September), pp. 203-224. See DFS Model, continuum-of-goods model.

Dorrance, G.S. 1948. "The Income Terms of Trade," Review of Economic Studies 16(1), pp. 50-56. See income terms of trade.

Dunning, J.H. 1979. "Explaining Changing Patterns of International Production: In Defence of an Eclectic Theory," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 41. See OLI Paradigm.

Eaton, Jonathan and Samuel Kortum. 2002. "Technology, Geography, and Trade," Econometrica 70, pp. 1741-1779. See Eaton-Kortum Model.

Eaton, Jonathan, Samuel Kortum, Brent Neiman, and John Romalis. 2011. "Trade and the Global Recession," NBER Working Paper #16666 (January). See Head-Ries index.

Edgeworth, Francis. Y. 1881. Mathematical Psychics. See Edgeworth-Bowley Box.

Edgeworth, Francis. Y. 1894. "The Theory of International Values," Economic Journal 4, (March) pp. 35-50. See immiserizing growth.

Eichengreen, Barry and Ricardo Hausmann. 1999. "Exchange Rate and Financial Fragility," NBER Working Paper 7418. See original sin.

Ethier, Wilfred. 1974. "Some of the Theorem of International Trade with Many Goods and Factors," Journal of Economic Perspectives 4, pp. 199-206. See core propositions.

Fama, Eugene F. 1984. "Forward and Spot Exchange Rates," Journal of Monetary Economics 14, pp. 319-338. See Fama regression.

Feenstra, Robert C. 1998. "Integration of Trade and Disintegration of Production in the Global Economy," Journal of Economic Perspectives 12, (Fall), pp. 31-50. See disintegration.

Feenstra, Robert C. and Gordon H. Hanson 2003. "Global Production Sharing and Rising Inequality: A Survey of Trade and Wages," in Kwan Choi and James Harrigan, eds., Handbook of International Trade Basil Blackwell, pp. 146-187. See global production sharing.

Feldstein, Martin and Charles Horioka. 1980. "Domestic Saving and International Capital Flows," Economic Journal 90, (June), pp. 314-329. See Feldstein-Horioka puzzle.

Ferrantino, Michael. 2006. "Quantifying the Trade and Economic Effects of Non-Tariff Measures," OECD Trade Policy Working Paper No. 28, January 20. See handicraft method.

Fetter, Frank Whitson. 1935. "Favorable Balance of Trade," Quarterly Journal of Economics 49(4), (August), pp. 621-645. See balance of trade.

Findlay, Ronald and Harry Grubert. 1959. "Factor Intensities, Technological Progress and the Terms of Trade," Oxford Economic Papers, pp. 111-121. See Lerner Diagram.

Finger, J. Michael and Mordechai E. Kreinin. 1979. "A Measure of 'Export Similarity' and Its Possible Uses," Economic Journal, 89, (December) pp. 905-912. See Finger-Kreinin index .

Fisher, Irving. 1930. The Theory of Interest, New York: Macmillan. See Fisher Effect.

Fleming, J.M. 1962. "Domestic Financial Policies under Fixed and under Floating Exchange Rates," IMF Staff Papers 9, pp. 369-379. See Mundell-Fleming Model.

Frankel, Jeffrey. 1997. Regional Trading Blocs in the World Economic System Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics. See trade intensity index, natural trading partner, supernatural trading bloc.

Friedman, Milton. 1953. "The Case for Flexible Exchange Rates," Essays in Positive Economics, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. See stabilizing speculation.

Friedman, Milton. 1969. "The Optimum Quantity of Money," The Optimum Quantity of Money and Other Essays, Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company. See Friedman rule.

Gabaix, Xavier. 2010. "The Granular Origins of Aggregate Fluctuations," working paper, June 28. See granularity.

Grossman, Gene M. and Elhanan Helpman. 1999. "The Internationalization of Economic Activity," National Science Foundation grant, July. See internationalization.

Grossman, Gene M. and Alan Krueger. 1993. "Environmental Impacts of a North American Free Trade Agreement," in Peter M. Garber, ed., The Mexico-U.S. Free Trade Agreement, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 13-56. See Environmental Kuznets Curve.

Grubel, Herbert G. and Peter J. Lloyd. 1975. Intra-Industry Trade: The Theory and Measurement of International Trade in Differentiated Products, New York: Wiley. See Grubel-Lloyd index, intraindustry trade.

Grunwald, Joseph and Kenneth Flamm. 1985. The Global Factory: Foreign Assembly in International Trade, Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution. See global factory.

Haberler, Gottfried von. 1937. The Theory of International Trade with Its Applications to Commercial Policy, New York: Macmillan. See specific factor.

Hamilton, Clive and Paul Kniest. 1991. "Trade Liberalisation, Structural Adjustment and Intra-Industry Trade: A Note," Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv 127(2), pp. 356-367. See marginal intraindustry trade .

Harberger, Arnold C. 1950. "Currency Depreciation, Income, and the Balance of Trade," Journal of Political Economy 58, pp. 47-60. See Harberger-Laursen-Metzler Effect.

Hardin, Garrett. 1968. "The Tragedy of the Commons ," Science 162 (December 16), pp. 1243–1248. See Tragedy of the Commons.

Harrod, Roy F. 1933. International Economics London: James Nisbet and Cambridge University Press. See BalassaSamuelsonEffect .

Hausmann, Ricardo, Jason Hwang, and Dani Rodrik. 2007. "What You Export Matters ," Journal of Economic Growth 12 pp. 1-25. See product mix diagram.

Head, Keith and John Ries. (2001). "Increasing Returns versus National Product Differentiation as an Explanation for the Pattern of U.S.-Canada Trade," American Economic Review 91(4), (September), pp. 858-876. See Head-Ries index.

Heckscher, Eli. 1919. "The Effect of Foreign Trade on the Distribution of Income," Ekonomisk Tidskrift, pp. 497-512. See Heckscher-Ohlin Model.

Hicks, John R. 1940. "The Valuation of the Social Income," Economica (May). See Kaldor-Hicks Criterion.

Hufbauer, Gary C. 1966. Synthetic Materials and the Theory of International Trade, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. See technology gap model.

Hufbauer, Gary C. 1970. "The Impact of National Characteristics and Technology on Commodity Composition of Trade in Manufactured Goods," in Raymond Vernon, ed., The Technology Factor in International Trade, New York: National Bureau of Economic Research. See neotechnology model.

Hummels, David, Dana Rapoport, and Kei-Mu Yi. 1998. "Vertical Specialization and the Changing Nature of World Trade," FRBNY Economic Policy Review, (June), pp. 79-99. See vertical specialization.

Hummels, David and Alexandre Skiba. 2004. "Shipping the Good Apples Out? An Empirical Confirmation of the Alchian-Allen Conjecture," Journal of Political Economy, (December), pp. 1384-1402. See Alchian-Allen Theorem.

Johnson, Harry G. 1953. "Equilibrium Growth in an Expanding Economy," Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science 19. See immiserizing growth.

Johnson, Harry G. 1954. "Optimum Tariffs and Retaliation," Review of Economic Studies 21, pp. 142-153. See optimal tariff argument, tariffs and retaliation.

Johnson, Harry G. 1955. "Economic Expansion and International Trade," Manchester School 23, pp. 95-112. See immizerizing growth.

Johnson, Robert C. and Guillermo Noguera 2012. "Accounting for Intermediates: Production Sharing and Trade in Value Added," Journal of International Economics 86(2), (March), pp. 224-236. See VAX ratio.

Jones, Ronald W. 1965. "The Structure of Simple General Equilibrium Models," Journal of Political Economy 73, (December), pp. 557-572. See hat algebra, magnification effect.

Jones, Ronald W. 1971. "A Three-Factor Model in Theory, Trade, and History," in Bhagwati, et al., eds., Trade, Balance of Payments, and Growth: Essays in Honor of C. P. Kindleberger, Amsterdam: North-Holland. See Ricardo-Viner Model.

Jones, Ronald W. 1977. "'Two-ness' in Trade Theory: Costs and Benefits," Special Papers in International Economics No. 12, International Finance Section, Princeton University, (April). See two-ness.

Jones, Ronald W. and Henryk Kierzkowski. 1986. "Neighborhood Production Structures, with an Application to the Theory of International Trade," Oxford Economic Papers 38, pp. 59-76. See neighborhood production structure.

Jones, Ronald W. and Henryk Kierzkowski. 1990. "The Role of Services in Production and International Trade: A Theoretical Framework," in Ronald W. Jones and Anne O. Krueger, eds., The Political Economy of International Trade: Essays in Honor of Robert E. Baldwin, Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, pp. 31-48. See fragmentation.

Jones, R.W. and J. Scheinkman. 1977. "The Relevance of the Two-Sector Production Model in Trade Theory," Journal of Political Economy 85, (October), pp. 909-936. See two-ness.

Kaldor, Nicholas. 1939. "Welfare Propositions of Economics and Interpersonal Comparisons of Utility," Economic Journal Vol, (September), pp. . See Kaldor-Hicks Criterion.

Katrak, Homi. 1977. "Multinational Monopolies and Commercial Policy," Oxford Economic Papers 29, (July), pp. 283-291. See strategic trade policy argument for a tariff.

Kemp, Murray C. and Henry Wan, Jr. 1976. "An Elementary Proposition Concerning the Formation of Customs Unions," Journal of International Economics 6, (February), pp. 95-97. See Kemp-Wan Theorem.

Keynes, John Maynard. 1929a. "The German Transfer Problem," The Economic Journal 39, pp. 1-7". See transfer problem.

Keynes, John Maynard. 1929b. "The Reparations Problem: A Discussion. II. A Rejoinder," The Economic Journal 39, pp. 179-182". See transfer problem.

Keynes, John Maynard. 1929c. "Mr. Keynes' Views on the Transfer Problem. III. A Reply," The Economic Journal 39, pp. 404-408". See transfer problem.

Keynes, John Maynard. 1936. The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money London: MacMillan. See Keynesian and liquidity trap.

Kindleberger, Charles P. 1973. The World in Depression, Berkeley: Univerisity of California Press. See Kindleberger spiral.

Kondratieff, Nikolai Dmyitriyevich. 1926. "The Long Waves in Economic Life"; translated into English and reprinted in Review of Economics and Statistics 17, November 1935, pp. 105-115. See Kondratieff Cycle.

Kornai, Janos. 1979. "Resource-Constrained versus Demand-Constrained Systems"Econometrica 47, July, pp. 801-819. See soft budget constraint.

Krasker,William S. 1980. "The 'Peso Problem' in Testing the Efficiency of Forward Exchange Markets," Journal of Monetary Economics 6:2, (April), pp. 269-276. See peso problem.

Kravis, Irving B. 1956. "'Availability' and Other Influences on the Commodity Composition of Trade," Journal of Political Economy 64:2, (April), pp. 143-155. See availability theory.

Kravis, Irving B. 1970. "Trade as a Handmaiden of Growth: Similarities between the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries," Economic Journal 80, (December), pp. 850-872. See handmaiden of growth.

Kravis, Irving B. and Robert E. Lipsey. 1983. Toward and Explanation of National Price Levels, Princeton Studies in International Finance 52 (November). See Kravis-Lipsey-Bhagwati effect.

Krueger, Anne O. 1974. "The Political Economy of the Rent Seeking Society," American Economic Review 64, (June), pp. 291-303. See rent seeking.

Krueger, Anne O. 2001. "Free Trade Agreements as Protectionist Devices: Rules of Origin," James R. Melvin, James Moore, and Raymond Riezman, editors, Trade, Theory and Econometrics: Essays in Honor of John S. Chipman, Routledge, London, 2001. See exported protection.

Krugman, Paul R. 1979. "Increasing Returns, Monopolistic Competition, and International Trade," Journal of International Economics 9, (November), pp. 469-479. See New Trade Theory.

Krugman, Paul R. 1979. "A Model of Balance-of-Payments Crises," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking 11(3), pp. 311-325. See Canonical Model of Currency Crises.

Krugman, Paul R. 1980. "Scale Economies, Product Differentiation, and the Pattern of Trade," American Economic Review 70, pp. 950-959. See Home market effect.

Krugman, Paul R. 1986. "A 'Technology Gap' Model of International Trade," in K. Jungenfelt and D. Hague, eds., Structural Adjustment in Advanced Economies London: Macmillan; reprinted in Krugman (1990). See technology gap model.

Krugman, Paul R. 1987. "Pricing to Market When the Exchange Rate Changes," in Sven W. Arndt and J. David Richardson, Real-Financial Linkages Among Open Economics Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 49-70. See pricing to market.

Krugman, Paul R. 1989. "Differences in Income Elasticities and Trends in Real Exchange Rates," European Economic Review 33, (May) pp. 1031-1054. See 45-degree rule and Thirlwall's Law.

Krugman, Paul R. 1990. Rethinking International Trade, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. See Krugman (1986).

Krugman, Paul R. 1991a. Geography and Trade, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. See New Economic Geography, Krugman specialization index.

Krugman, Paul R. 1991b. "The Move Toward Free Trade Zones," in Policy Implications of Trade and Currency Zones, symposium sponsored by The Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, Jackson Hole, Wyoming, August 22-24. See GATT-Think.

Krugman, Paul R. 1991c. "Target Zones and Exchange Rate Dynamics," Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106, pp. 669-682. See target zone.

Krugman, Paul R. 1996. "Does Third World Growth Hurt First World Prosperity?" Harvard Business Review 72, pp. 113-121. See Slicing up the value chain.

Krugman, Paul R. and Maurice Obstfeld. 1991. International Economics New York: Addison Wesley. See Standard trade model.

Kuznets, Simon. 1955. "Economic Growth and Income Inequality," American Economic Review 65, (March), pp. 1-28. See Kuznets Curve.

Lafay, Gerard. 1992. "The Measurement of Revealed Comparative Advantages," in M.G. Dagenais and P.A. Muet eds., International Trade Modeling, London: Chapman and Hill, pp. 209-234. See Lafay index.

Laursen, Svend and Lloyd A. Metzler. 1950. "Flexible Exchange Rates and the Theory of Employment," Review of Economics and Statistics 32, (November), pp. 281-299. See Harberger-Laursen-Metzler Effect.

Leamer, Edward E. 1987. "Paths of Development in the Three-Factor n-Good General Equilibrium Model," Journal of Political Economy 95, pp. 961-999. See Leamer Triangle .

Leamer, Edward E. 1996. "The Effects of Trade in Services, Technology Transfer and Delocalisation on Local and Global Income Inequality," Asia-Pacific Economic Review 2, (April), pp. 44-60. See delocalization.

Leibenstein, Harvey. 1966. "Allocative Efficiency vs. 'X-Efficiency'," American Economic Review 56, (June), pp. 392-415. See X-efficiency.

Leontief, Wassily. 1933. "The Use of Indifference Curves in the Analysis of Foreign Trade," Quarterly Journal of Economics 57, (May), pp. 493-503. See community indifference curve.

Leontief, Wassily. 1954. "Domestic Production and Foreign Trade: The American Capital Position Reexamined," Economia Internatiozionale 7, (February), pp. 3-32. See input-output table, Leontief Paradox.

Lerner, Abba P. 1936. "The Symmetry between Import and Export Taxes," Economica 3, (August), pp. 306-313. See Lerner Symmetry Theorem.

Lerner, Abba P. 1952. "Factor Prices and International Trade," Economica n.s. 19, (February). See Lerner Diagram.

Linder, Staffan Burenstam. 1961. An Essay on Trade and Transformation, New York: Wiley and Sons. See Linder Hypothesis.

Lipsey, R.G. and Kelvin Lancaster. 1956. "The General Theory of Second Best," Review of Economic Studies 24, pp. 11-32. See second best; second-best argument for protection.

Lucas, Robert E. 1976. "Econometric Policy Evaluation: A Critique," Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy 1, pp. 19-46. See Lucas critique .

Machlup, Fritz. 1950. "Elasticity Pessimism in International Trade," Economia Internazionale 3, (Feb), pp. 118-141. See elasticity pessimism.

Marshall, Alfred. 1890. Principles of Economics London: Macmillan and Co. See terms of trade.

Marshall, Alfred. 1923. Money, Credit and Commerce London: Macmillan and Co. See terms of trade.

Maskus, Keith E. and Mohan Penubarti. 1995. "How Trade-Related Are Intellectual Property Rights?" Journal of International Economics 39, (November), pp. 227-248. See Maskus curve.

Mayer, Wolfgang. 1974. "Short-Run and Long-Run Equilibrium for a Small Open Economy," Journal of Political Economy 82, (Sep-Oct), pp. 955-967. See Ricardo-Viner Model.

McKenzie, Lionel W. 1955. "Equality of Factor Prices in World Trade," Econometrica 23, (July), pp. 239-257. See diversification cone.

Meade, James Edward. 1952. A Geometry of International Trade, London: Allen and Unwin. See Meade Geometry, trade indifference curve.

Meade, James Edward. 1955a. The Theory of Customs Unions, Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Co. See Meade Index.

Meade, James Edward. 1955b. Trade and Welfare London: Oxford University Press. See second-best argument for protection.

Melitz, Marc J. 2003. "The Impact of Trade on Intra-industry Reallocations and Aggregate Industry Productivity," Econometrica 71, (November), pp. 1695-1725. See Melitz model.

Metzler, Lloyd. 1948. A Survey of Contemporary Economics Homewood, IL: Richard D. Irwin. See Bickerdike-Robinson-Metzler Condition.

Metzler, Lloyd. 1949. "International Demand and Domestic Prices," Journal of Political Economy 57, (August), pp. 345-351. See Metzler paradox.

Metzler, Lloyd. 1960. "The Process of International Adjustment under Conditions of Full Employment: A Keynesian View," paper read before the Econometric Society, December; reprinted in Richard E. Caves and Harry G. Johnson, eds., Readings in International Economics Homewood, IL: Irwin, 1968. See Metzler diagram.

Mill, James. 1821. Elements of Political Economy. See immiserizing growth.

Mill, John Stuart. 1848. Principles of Political Economy and Some of Their Applications to Social Philosophy. See vent for surplus.

Minhas, Bagicha S. 1962.. "The Homohypallagic Production Function, Factor-Intensity Reversals, and the Heckscher-Ohlin Theorem," Journal of Political Economy 70, (April), pp. 138-156. See homohypallagic.

Mundell, Robert A. 1960. "The Pure Theory of International Trade," American Economic Review 50, (March), pp. 67-110. See Cournot's Law.

Mundell, Robert A. 1961. "A Theory of Optimum Currency Areas," American Economic Review 51, (September), pp. 657-665. See currency area, optimal currency area, .

Mundell, Robert A. 1962. "The Appropriate Use of Monetary and Fiscal Policy under Fixed Exchange Rates," IMF Staff Papers 9, (March), pp. 70-79. See assignment problem, Mundell-Fleming Model.

Mundell, Robert A. 1963. "Capital Mobility and Stabilization Policy under Fixed and Flexible Exchange Rates," Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science 9, (November), pp. 475-485. See Mundell-Fleming Model.

Mussa, Michael. 1974. "Tariffs and the Distribution of Income: The Importance of Factor Specificity, Substitutability, and Intensity in the Short and Long Run," Journal of Political Economy 82, (Nov.-Dec.), pp. 1191-1204. See Ricardo-Viner Model.

Mussa, Michael. 1979. "The Two-Sector Model in Terms of Its Dual : A Geometric Exposition," Journal of International Economics 9, (November), pp. 513-526. See Mussa diagram.

Myint, Hla. 1958. "The 'Classical Theory' of International Trade and the Underdeveloped Countries," Economic Journal 68, (June), pp. 317-337. See vent for surplus.

Neary, Peter. 1978. "Short-Run Capital Specificity and the Pure Theory of International Trade," Economic Journal 88, (September), pp. 488-510. See Ricardo-Viner Model.

Obstfeld, Maurice. 2012. "Does the Current Account Still Matter?," Richard T. Ely Lecture, American Economic Review 102(3), (May), pp. 1-23. See balance of trade.

Ohlin, Bertil. 1929a. "The Reparations Problem: A Discussion; Transfer Difficulties, Real and Imagined," The Economic Journal 39, pp. 172-183". See transfer problem.

Ohlin, Bertil. 1929b. "Mr. Keynes' Views on the Transfer Problem. II. A Rejoinder from Professor Ohlin," The Economic Journal 39, pp. 400-404". See transfer problem.

Ohlin, Bertil. 1933. Interregional and International Trade, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. See Heckscher-Ohlin Model, Ohlin definition, price definition.

Ohyama, Michihiro. 1972. "Trade and Welfare in General Equilibrium," Keio Economic Studies 9, pp. 37-73. See revealed preference.

O'Neill, Jim. 2001. "Building Better Global Economic BRICs," Global Economics Paper No. 66, Goldman Sachs, November 30. See BRICs.

Pareto, Vilfredo. 1906. Manual of Political Economy. See Edgeworth-Bowley Box.

Pearce, Ivor F. 1952. "The Factor Price Equalization Myth," Review of Economic Studies 19 no. 2, pp. 111-120. See Lerner-Pearce Diagram.

Phillips, A. W. 1958. "The Relationship between Unemployment and the Rate of Change of Money Wages in the United Kingdom 1861-1957," Economica 25, pp. 283-299. See Phillips Curve.

Pigou, Arthur Cecil 1920. The Economics of Welfare, London: Macmillan and Co. See pigouvian.

Porter, Michael E. 1990. The Competitive Advantage of Nations, New York: Free Press. See Porter's Diamond and value chain.

Posner, M. P. 1961. "International Trade and Technical Change," Oxford Economic Papers 31 (October), pp. 323-341. See technology gap model.

Pöyhönen, Pentti. 1963. "A Tentative Model for the Volume of Trade Between Countries," Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv 90 (1), pp. 93-99. See gravity model.

Prebisch, Raúl. 1950. "The Economic Development of Latin America and its Principal Problems". See Prebisch-Singer Hypothesis.

Preston, Samuel H. 1975. "The Changing Relation between Mortality and Level of Economic Development," Population Studies 29, pp. 231-248. See Preston Curve.

Price, W. H. 1905. "The Origin of the Phrase 'Balance of Trade'," Quarterly Journal of Economics 20(1), (November), pp. 157-167. See balance of trade.

Ricardo, David. 1951-1973. The Works and Correspondence of David Ricardo, edited by Piero Sraffa and M. Dobbs, Vols. I-XI, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. See comparative advantage.

Richardson, Martin. 1995. "Tariff Revenue Competition in a Free Trade Area," European Economic Review 39 (August), pp. 1429-1437. See internal trade deflection.

Robertson, Dennis H. 1938. "The Future of International Trade," Economic Journal, March, pp. 1-14. See engine of growth.

Robinson, Joan. 1932. The Economics of Imperfect Competition, London: Macmillan. See monopsony.

Robinson, Joan. 1947. Essays in the Theory of Employment, Oxford: Basil Blackwell. See Bickerdike-Robinson-Metzler Condition.

Rodrik, Dani. 2007. "The inescapable trilemma of the world economy," Dani Rodrik's weblog, June 27, 2007. See Trilemma of the World Economy.

Rodrik, Dani, Arvind Subramanian, and Francesco Trebbi. 2004. "Institutions Rule: The Primacy of Institutions over Geography and Integration in Economic Development," Journal of Economic Growth 9(2), June, 2004. See Washington Consensus Mark 2.

Rogoff, Kenneth. 1996. "The Purchasing Power Parity Puzzle," Journal of Economic Literature 34, (June) pp. 647-688. See purchasing power parity puzzle.

Ruffin, Roy J. 2002. "David Ricardo's Discovery of Comparative Advantage," History of Political Economy 34, pp. 727-748. See comparative advantage.

Rybczynski, T.M. 1955. "Factor Endowments and Relative Commodity Prices," Economica 22, pp. 336-341. See Rybczynski Theorem.

Samuelson, Paul A. 1939. "The Gains from International Trade," Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science 5, pp. 195-205. See gains from trade theorem, revealed preference.

Samuelson, Paul A. 1948. "International Trade and the Equalisation of Factor Prices," Economic Journal 58, (June), pp. 163-184. See factor price equalization, Heckscher-Ohlin Model.

Samuelson, Paul A. 1949. "International Factor-Price Equalisation Once Again," Economic Journal 59, (June), pp. 181-197. See factor price equalization, Heckscher-Ohlin Model.

Samuelson, Paul A. 1953. "Prices of Factors and Goods in General Equilibrium," Review of Economic Studies 21, (October), pp. 1-20. See Heckscher-Ohlin Model, reciprocity conditions.

Samuelson, Paul A. 1954. "The Transfer Problem and Transport Costs, II: Analysis of Effects of Trade Impediments," Economic Journal 64, (June), pp. 264-289. See iceberg transport costs.

Samuelson, Paul A. 1962. "The Gains from International Trade Once Again," Economic Journal 72, (December), pp. 820-829. See gains from trade theorem, utility possibility frontier.

Samuelson, Paul A. 1964. "Theoretical Notes on Trade Problems," Review of Economics and Statistics 23, pp. 145-154. See Balassa-Samuelson Effect.

Samuelson, Paul A. 1971. "Ohlin Was Right," Swedish Journal of Economic 73, pp. 365-384. See Ricardo-Viner Model.

Samuelson, Paul A. 1981. "Bergsonian Welfare Economics," in S. Rosefielde, ed., Economic Welfare and the Economics of Soviet Socialism: Essays in Honor of Abram Bergson, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, pp. 223-266. See Bergsonian social welfare function.

Sanyal, Kalyan K. and Ronald W. Jones. 1982. "The Theory of Trade in Middle Products," American Economic Review 72, (March), pp. 16.31. See middle product.

Scitovszky, Tibor de. 1942. "A Reconsideration of the Theory of Tariffs," Review of Economic Studies 9, (Summer), pp. 89-110. See Scitovszky indifference curve.

Shibata, H. 1967. "The Theory of Economic Unions: A Comparative Analysis of Customs Unions, Free Trade Areas, and Tax Unions," in C. S. Shoup, ed., Fiscal Harmonization in Common Markets New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 145-264. See trade deflection.

Siegel, Jeremy J. 1972. "Risk, Interest Rates and the Forward Exchange," Quarterly Journal of Economics 86(2), (May), pp. 303-309. See Siegel's paradox.

Singer, H.W. 1950. "U.S. Foreign Investment in Underdeveloped Areas: The Distribution of Gains Between Investing and Borrowing Countries," American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings 40, (May), pp. 473-485. See Prebisch-Singer Hypothesis.

Smith, Adam 1776. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. See division of labor, vent for surplus.

Solow, Robert M. 1956. "A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth," Quarterly Journal of Economics 70, pp. 65-94. See neoclassical growth model.

Solow, Robert M. 1957. "Technical Change and the Aggregate Production Function," Review of Economics and Statistics 39, (August), pp. 312-320. See Solow residual.

Spence, Michael. 1976. "Product Selection, Fixed Costs, and Monopolistic Competition," Review of Economic Studies 43(2), (June), pp. 217-235. See Spence-Dixit-Stiglitz.

Starrett, David. 1978. "Market Allocations of Location Choice in a Model with Free Mobility," Journal of Economic Theory 17, pp. 21-37. See Starrett's Impossibility Theorem.

Stolper, Wolfgang and Paul A. Samuelson. 1941. "Protection and Real Wages," Review of Economic Studies 9, (November), pp. 58-73. See Stolper-Samuelson Theorem.

Suganami, H. 1978. "A Note on the Origin of the Word 'International'," British Journal of International Studies 4(3), October, 1978, pp. 226-232. See international.

Swan, Trevor W. 1955. "Long-Run Problems of the Balance of Payments," written but unpublished in 1955, later published in Arndt and Corden, eds., The Australian Economy 1963. See Swan diagram.

Swan, Trevor W. 1956. "Economic Growth and Capital Accumulation," Economic Record 32, pp. 334-61. See neoclassical growth model.

Tarascio, Vincent J. 1972. "A Correction: On the Geneology of the So-Called Edgeworth-Bowley Diagram," Western Economic Journal (June), pp. 193-197. See Edgeworth-Bowley Box.

Taussig, Frank William. 1927. International Trade, New York: Macmillan Co. See barter terms of trade, net barter terms of trade, gross barter terms of trade, and their origin.

Thirlwall, A. P. 1979. "The Balance of Payments Constraint as an Explanation of International Growth Rate Differences," Banca Nazionale del Lavoro Quarterly Review 128 (March), pp. 45-53. See Thirlwall's Law.

Tinbergen, Jan. 1962. Shaping the World Economy: Suggestions for an International Economic Policy, New York: Twentieth Century Fund. See gravity model.

Tobin, James. 1969. "A General Equilibrium Approach to Monetary Theory," Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking 1, pp. 15-29. See Tobin's Q.

Tobin, James. 1978. "A Proposal for International Monetary Reform," Eastern Economic Journal 4, pp. 153-159. See Tobin tax.

Torrens, Robert. 1815. Essay on the External Corn Trade, London: J. Hatchard. See comparative advantage.

Travis, William Penfield. 1964. The Theory of Trade and Protection Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. See Integrated World Economy.

Trefler, Daniel. 1995. "The Case of the Missing Trade and Other Mysteries," American Economic Review 85, (December), pp. 1029-1046. See mystery of the missing trade, home bias.

Tyszynski, H. 1951. "World Trade in Manufactured Commodities, 1899-1950," Manchester School of Economic and Social Studies 19, (September), pp. 272-304. See constant market share analysis.

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. 2004. São Paulo Consensus, TD/410, June 25. See policy space.

Vanek, Jaroslav. 1965. General Equilibrium of International Discrimination: The Case of Customs Unions, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. See Meade Index.

Vanek, Jaroslav. 1968. "The Factor Proportions Theory: The n-Factor Case," Kyklos 4, (October), pp. 749-756. See Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek Theorem.

Venables, Anthony J. 1985. "Trade and Trade Policy with Imperfect Competition: The Case of Identical Products and Free Entry," Journal of International Economics 19, (August), pp. 1-20. See delocation.

Venables, Anthony J. 1987. "Trade and Trade Policy with Differentiated Products: A Chamberlinian-Ricardian Model," Economic Journal 97, (September), pp. 700-717. See delocation.

Vernon, Raymond. 1966. "International Investment and International Trade in the Product Cycle," Quarterly Journal of Economics 80, (May), pp. 190-207. See product cycle.

Vernon, Raymond. 1971. Sovereignty at Bay: The Multinational Spread of US Enterprises, New York: Basic Books. See OBM.

Viner, Jacob. 1937. Studies in the Theory of International Trade, New York: Harper and Brothers Publishers. See single factoral terms of trade, double factoral terms of trade, and their origins; also 18th Century Rule.

Viner, Jacob. 1950. The Customs Union Issue, New York: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. See trade creation, trade diversion.

Watkins, Melville H. 1963. "A Staple Theory of Economic Growth," Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science, 29(2), (May), pp. 141-158. See staple theory of economic growth.

Williams, John H. 1929. "The Theory of International Trade Reconsidered," Economic Journal 39, (June), pp. 195-209. See vent for surplus.

Williamson, John H. 1990. "What Washington Means by Policy Reform," in John Williamson, ed., Latin American Adjustment: How Much Has Happened? Washington, D.C.: Institute for International Economics. See Washington Consensus.

Wilson, Charles. 1980. "On the General Structure of Ricardian Models with a Continuum of Goods: Applications to Growth, Tariff Theory, and Technical Change," Econometrica 48, (November), pp. 1675-1702. See continuum of goods.

Wonnacott, P. and M. Lutz. 1989. "Is There a Case for Free Trade Areas," in J. Schott, ed., Free Trade Areas and U.S. Trade Policy Washington, D.C.: Institute for International Economics. See natural trading partners.

Zipf, George K.. 1949. Human Behavior and the Principle of Least Effort, Addison-Wesley, Cambridge, MA. See Zipf's Law.