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Haptic feedback may provide an
information pathway for the human motor system to monitor
the controlled states during a manual task.
<>However,
force interactions could also give rise to a more complex mechanical
system by coupling the arm to an outside environment. In the
current study, we investigate if force interactions with
an
external object could constitute sensory feedback used in continuous
manual
control. We also examine how haptic feedback can cause
disturbances to the desired movement in certain situations.
We developed a manual interface operated by grasping a rotary
handle
and performing pronation and supination of the forearm. Using this
apparatus,
human operators attempted to manually excite oscillations of a virtual
spring-inertia system. We compare human performance using isolated
visual and
haptic
feedback versus combined feedback, in order to determine how humans
integrate
information from the two different sensory modes. We also examine
how performance is affected by varying the level of haptic feedback
during the manual task, as well as how performance changes with
adaptation.
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