1749 "This Indenture Witnesseth That Samuel Howes Son of Mark of the Parish of Rother Thorpe in the county of Northampton yeoman doth put himself Apprentice to Joseph Barnardiston Citizen and Loriner of London to learn his Art and with him (after the manner of an Apprentice) to serve from the date hereof unto the full end and Term of seven years, from then next following to be fully Compleat and ended ... And the said Master in consideration of the Summ of Sixty & three Pounds of lawful money of Great Britain to him in hand well and truly paid ... the said Apprentice in the Art which he now useth shall teach and instruct or cause to be taught and instructed the best way and manner that he can ... In Witness whereof, the Parties above named to these Indentures interchangeably have pur their Hands and Seals the Twenty third day of December in the Twenty third Year of the Reign or our Sovereign Lord George the Second ... and in the Year of our Lord 1749. Jos. Barnardiston " [1]
1756 In the following court record Joseph Barnardiston calls Samuel Howes "his head Man" and Samual identifies himself as Joseph Barnardiston's servant:
The Proceedings of the Old Bailey Ref: t17560225-27
Benjamin Remmer, theft: simple grand larceny, 25th February, 1756.
Crime(s): theft: simple grand larceny,
Punishment Type: no punishment given: sentence respited,
Verdict: Guilty,
Original Text:
137. (M.) Benjamin Remmer was indicted for stealing one moidore and 28 guineas, the money of Joseph Barnardiston, Feb. 16*
Joseph Barnardiston. This youth at the bar was servant to me, to run of errands.
Q. How old is he?
Barnardiston. He is not thirteen years of age.
Q. What is your business?
Barnardiston. I am a stationer. On Saturday was se'nnight I left thirty guineas with my head man Samuel Hows, as running cash. On the Monday following, between eight and nine o'clock, he came into the parlour to me, in a great surprise, and said his cash was gone out of the till; it gave me a good deal of surprise; the boy was missing. He was taken, and the next day in the afternoon James Lightholder came to my house and said he came from Hampstead, and ask'd if this was Mr. Barnardiston's; I said it was; he said I have got your boy and your money, with a horse and saddle for you. There was an apothecary with him. They brought me twenty-eight guineas and a moidore. The apothecary said he was coming by when the boy was taken, and being willing to save my cash, he came; but he is not here now, as I did not think there would be any occasion for him. We took the prisoner to justice Welch, and he committed him.
James Lightholder. I live at Hampstead. Last Monday was sev'n-night in the evening, the boy at the bar came to my house, and asked for a lodging; he lay there; the next morning he went away, and returned again about one o'clock with a little grey mare, and a bridle but no saddle; he said it was his master's mare, that he had sent him out for an airing for an hour or two, and had order'd him to buy a saddle; which gave me a suspicion things were not right. I sent for a saddler in Hampstead, who brought a saddle, which the boy bought and paid for. I told the saddler afterwards, I did not think the boy was honest. He said he had cross questioned him, and thought there was nothing amiss. I told him, he says his master lives in Chancery-lane, I'll take my horse and ride thither; so we both set out together, that is, the boy and I. When we were come out of Hampstead, he (having the best horse) rode off; but there being a great many people on the road, they stop'd him, and he fell from his horse. There was a gentleman comeing by with a child in his hand, to whom I told my suspicion. We searched the boy, and I counted as I thought 27 guineas and a moidore (which I took from the boy) into the gentleman's hand, but when I came to tell it afterwards, there were 28 guineas and a moidore. The gentleman and I brought him to his master's house. We talk'd to him as we went along, but he would own nothing till he got to his master's, and there he confessed he had taken it out of his master's till.
Prisoner. I am but twelve years and four months old.
Barnardiston. It has given me a great deal of pain to prosecute him. I hope his tender years will meet with compassion.
Samuel Hows. I am servant to Mr. Barnardiston, and am intrusted with the cash. On Saturday was sev'n-night my master gave me 30 guineas, to put amongst the rest of the cash. The next morning I went to the till, and found the bag and money gone. I had it in my hand but about a quarter of an hour before, to put some more gold into the bag.
Q. Was the till lock'd ?
Hows. It was. The boy being missing, we suspected him.
Q. Was the mare your master's?
Hows. No. We had an account he bought her on the road.
Guilty.
No punishment.
1757 October 4 Apprentice "Joseph Collett" was indentured to master "Sam'l Howes Cit & Loriner of London" on 15 June 1757 for "7 from Date" and the indenture was recorded on "Tuesday October 2 1757." [2]
1758 "Friday February 10. ... Yesterday was married Miss Barnardiston (daughter of Mr. Joseph Barnardiston of Chancery-Lane) to Mr. Howes, her father's partner." [3] "Marriages ... Miss Barnardiston (daughter of Mr. Joseph Barnardiston, of Chancery Lane) to Mr. Howes of the same place, his partner." [4]
1758 "Mary Daughter of Samuel & Mary Howes" was "born Oct 30" and "baptised Nov:26: Chancery Lane" at St Dunstan in the West, London. [5]
1759 July 2 Apprentice "Samuel Scott" was indentured to master "Samuel Howes Cit & Loriner of London" on 8 June 1759 for "7 Years from date" and the indenture was recorded on "Monday July 2 1759." [6]
1759 "Ann Daughter of Samuel & Mary Howes born Oct:15 bapt Nov:7. Chancery Lane" at St Dunstan in the West, London. [7]
1762 "Samuel Barnardiston Son of Saml & Mary Howes" born "Jan'ry 27 th Chancery Lane" was baptized February 21 at St Dunstan in the West, London. [8]
1763 June 2 Apprentice "John Card" was indentured to master "Sam'l Howes Cit & Loriner of London" on 1 June 1763 for "7 from Date" and the indenture was recorded on "Thursday 2d June." [9]
1763 "Mark John Son of Sam. & Mary Howes born Aug. 13th Chancery Lane" was baptized September 12 at St Dunstan in the West, London. [10]
1765 Mark John Hows, inft, was buried January 26 at St Mary, Islington. [11]
1765 "Frances daughter of Saml & Mary Howes born October 21st Chancery Lane" was baptized November 18 at St Dunstan in the West, London. [12]
1766 "Mary Dr of Samuel & Mary Howes born Novr 29 Chancery Lane" was baptized December 28 at St Dunstan in the West, London." [13]
1767 March 11 Apprentice "Fra Wm Gremmett" was indentured to master "Saml Howes Cit & Loriner of London" on 11 Inst. (March) 1765 for "7 Years" and the indenture was recorded on "Wednesday 11 March 1767." [14]
1767 Mary Hows "Inft" was buried June 19 at Saint Mary, Islington. [15]
1767 "Mark Son of Samuel and Mary Howes born Novr 11th" was baptized December 11 at St Dunstan in the West, London. [16]
1770 Mark Howes, age 2, was buried May 17 at Saint Mary, Islington. [17]
1770 "Miriam D of Samuel & Mary Howes born June 8 Chancery Lane" was baptized July 6" at St Dunstan in the West, London. [18]
1771 Miriam Howes, "Infant" was buried March 23 at Saint Mary, Islington. [19]
1771 "Willshaw Son of Samuel & Mary Howes born Octobr 29 Chan. Lane" was baptized November 26 at St Dunstan in the West, London. [20]
1772 Willshaw Howes, "Infant" was buried July 31 at Saint Mary, Islington. [21]
1775 "Elizabeth D. of Samuel & Mary Howes born April 30th Chancery Lane" was baptized at St Dunstan in the West, London. [22]
1776 "Mary Howes from "Fleet Street" was buied in the "East Vault" at St Dunstan in
the West, London. [23]
1790 A letter signed by Samuel Howes and Samuel Howes Jr. with an answer dated 12 Nov 1790 was published 1 Jan 1791 in the St. James's Chronicle & British Evening Post, London. [24]
1792 Samuel Howes, age 57, was buried May 7 at Saint Mary, Islington. [25]
1798 "County of Northampton Parish of RothersThorpe. An accessment made in Pursuence of an Act of Parliament passed in the 38th year of His Majesty's Reign, for granting an Aid to his Majesty by a Land Tax to be raised in Great Britain, for the Service of the Year 1798." [26]
Proprietors Occupiers
Mrs Howes --self-- 5£ 16s 6d
Jno Howes --self-- 3£ 14s 6d
Sam'l Howes Thomas Harris 1£ 2s 7d
Research Notes:
Notes about the parish where Samuel and Mary were married: St Mary's Islington: A church has been on the current site since the early years after the Norman Conquest. The original building was rebuilt in 1483 and then again in 1754 and 1956.
St Mary's has seen many things during this time. During the Reformation, Islington was a flashpoint between traditionalists and reformers. Statues were taken from the church and smashed to pieces at Islington Green. When Catholic Queen Mary came to the throne and ordered all her subjects to attend Mass, 40 people in Islington refused to obey the order. They were arrested and eventually burned at the stake.
St Mary's was also at the centre of controversy during the First Great Awakening in the 18th century. John Wesley felt his heart strangely warmed by the Holy Spirit in 1738. His brother, Charles Wesley was Curate at St Mary's so John preached 10 times at St Mary's over the following year. The churchwardens took offence at his message of salvation by grace alone through a personal faith in Christ and, together with his brother and George Whitfield, he was thrown out of the church. They went on to preach to thousands of people across the whole of the UK. This was St Mary's first experience of Evangelical Christianity.
In 1824, Daniel Wilson became Vicar of St Mary's. He was a dynamic Evangelical who transformed the church. After 8 years he went on to become Bishop of Calcutta and his son was appointed Vicar and remained at St Mary's for 54 years. Through their ministry St Mary's grew and became a key Evangelical Parish throughout the 19th century and into the 20th century. The Islington Conference for Evangelical clergy in the Church of England was founded in 1827 and continued as a key focus for Evangelicalism until 1983.
On the third night of the Blitz in the Second World War, St Mary's was hit by a bomb and the whole building apart from the spire was destroyed. The church met in the Memorial Hall, until the new building was completed in 1956.
St Mary Islington is located on the east side of Upper Street approximately half-way between Angel and Highbury & Islington tube stations. Number 4, 19, 30 and 43 buses stop just outside the church.
[1] London Metropolitan Archive COL/CHD/FR/02/0826-0-834, London, England, Freedom of the City Admission Papers, 1681-1925, [AncestryImage].
[2] Board of Stamps: Apprenticeship Books, Series IR 1, Piece 21, The National Archives, "UK, Register of Duties Paid for Apprentices' Indentures, 1710-1811", [AncestryImage].
[3] 17th-18th Century Burney Collection Newspapers at the British Library, London Chronicle (London, England), February 9, 1758 - February 11, 1758; Issue 175, p. 2, [NewsBurney(UM)].
[4] 17th-18th Century Burney Collection Newspapers at the British Library, Lloyd's Evening Post and British Chronicle (London, England), February 8, 1758 - February 10, 1758; Issue 88, p. 4, [NewsBurney(UM)].
[5] London Metropolitan Archives, St Dunstan in the West, Register of baptisms, 1739 - 1771, P69/DUN2/A/010/MS010351, London, England, Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, [AncestryImage].
[6] Board of Stamps: Apprenticeship Books, Series IR 1, Piece 22, The National Archives, "UK, Register of Duties Paid for Apprentices' Indentures, 1710-1811", [AncestryImage].
[7] London Metropolitan Archives, St Dunstan in the West, Register of baptisms, 1739 - 1771, P69/DUN2/A/010/MS010351, London, England, Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, [AncestryImage].
[8] London Metropolitan Archives, St Dunstan in the West, Register of baptisms, 1739 - 1771, P69/DUN2/A/010/MS010351, London, England, Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, [AncestryImage].
[9] Board of Stamps: Apprenticeship Books, Series IR 1, Piece 23, The National Archives, "UK, Register of Duties Paid for Apprentices' Indentures, 1710-1811", [AncestryImage].
[10] London Metropolitan Archives, St Dunstan in the West, Register of baptisms, 1739 - 1771, P69/DUN2/A/010/MS010351, London, England, Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, [AncestryImage].
[11] London Metropolitan Archives, Saint Mary, Islington, Register of burials Oct 1750 - Dec 1800, P83/MRY1, Item 1267, London, England, Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, [AncestryImage].
[12] London Metropolitan Archives, St Dunstan in the West, Register of baptisms, 1739 - 1771, P69/DUN2/A/010/MS010351, London, England, Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, [AncestryImage].
[13] London Metropolitan Archives, St Dunstan in the West, Register of baptisms, 1739 - 1771, P69/DUN2/A/010/MS010351, London, England, Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, [AncestryImage].
[14] Board of Stamps: Apprenticeship Books, Series IR 1, Piece 25, The National Archives, "UK, Register of Duties Paid for Apprentices' Indentures, 1710-1811", [AncestryImage].
[15] London Metropolitan Archives, Saint Mary, Islington, Register of burials Oct 1750 - Dec 1800, P83/MRY1, Item 1267, London, England, Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, [AncestryImage].
[16] London Metropolitan Archives, St Dunstan in the West, Register of baptisms, 1739 - 1771, P69/DUN2/A/010/MS010351, London, England, Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, [AncestryImage].
[17] London Metropolitan Archives, Saint Mary, Islington, Register of burials Oct 1750 - Dec 1800, P83/MRY1, Item 1267, London, England, Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, [AncestryImage].
[18] London Metropolitan Archives, St Dunstan in the West, Register of baptisms, 1739 - 1771, P69/DUN2/A/010/MS010351, London, England, Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, [AncestryImage].
[19] London Metropolitan Archives, Saint Mary, Islington, Register of burials Oct 1750 - Dec 1800, P83/MRY1, Item 1267, London, England, Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, [AncestryImage].
[20] London Metropolitan Archives, St Dunstan in the West, Register of baptisms, 1771 - 1794, P69/DUN2/A/011/MS010355, Item 001, London, England, Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, [AncestryImage].
[21] London Metropolitan Archives, Saint Mary, Islington, Register of burials Oct 1750 - Dec 1800, P83/MRY1, Item 1267, London, England, Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, [AncestryImage].
[22] London Metropolitan Archives, St Dunstan in the West, Register of baptisms, 1771 - 1794, P69/DUN2/A/011/MS010355, Item 001, London, England, Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, [AncestryImage].
[23] London Metropolitan Archives, St Dunstan in the West, Register of burials, 1739 - 1791, P69/DUN2/A/019/MS010353, London, England, Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, [AncestryImage].
[24] 17th-18th Century Burney Collection Newspapers at the British Library, St. James's Chronicle & British Evening Post, London, January 1, 1791, p. 3, [NewsBurney(UM)].
[25] London Metropolitan Archives, Saint Mary, Islington, Register of burials Oct 1750 - Dec 1800, P83/MRY1, Item 1267, London, England, Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812, [AncestryImage].
[26] The National Archives; Kew, Richmond; Surrey, Land Tax Redemption Office: Quotas and Assessments, IR23 Piece 64 in database "UK, Land Tax Redemption, 1798,", [AncestryImage].