Next: » STATES AND PARTIES
Up: anes_cdf_app
Previous: » I. MOST IMPORTANT
1974-BASED CODES: In 1974, a set of 'most important problem' codes was
created with a numbering scheme following 1960-1972 general groupings,
but specific codes were not necessarily related to individual codes from any
years 1960-1972. During years 1976-1986, some codes within this 1974-based set
were revised in text (usually augmented), and some codes were added when need
arose, but no categories were dropped.
1988 REVIEW OF CODES: In 1988, prior to the coding of that year's study
data, the existing set of 'most important problem' codes underwent a
comprehensive review, resulting in deletion of all categories with a history
of "too few mentions" since 1974. There was, as well, a rewording/revision of
many codes and combining of others. Since 1988, codes have been added or
revised/ augmented only where necessary to process data describing very
current issues.
'RETIRED CODES': Unless indicated differently (i.e., for merged codes),
individual categories NOT continued in 1988 ('retired') were terminated due to
"too few mentions." Note that the total number of mentions prior to 1988
(1974-1986 inclusive) appears in parentheses following the text of the
'retired' code.
CONTINUING CODES (not 'retired'): For codes unretired or new in 1988, a
code text not followed by a date in brackets indicates the 1988 version of the
code. The code may have been created at any time 1974-1988; if variations in
code text preceded the 1988 version, texts of earlier versions of code also
appear in parentheses. * indicates that the code was created in 1974. Codes
surviving the 1988 review which were created after 1974 have year of
origination in brackets [ ]. Any changes made to text after 1988 are noted
with date of change.
AGRICULTURE (#100-149) coded 1
_______________________________________
100. FARM ECONOMICS; payment for crops/price of feed/cost of farming
(1974-1986: FARM ECONOMICS; general reference to payment for
crops, price of feed, cost of farming, etc.; cattle kill) *
retired. 101. 1974-1986: Too much being paid to farmers for crops {not
#400} (3) *
retired. 102. 1974-1986: Too little being paid to farmers for crops (not
#400} \merged with #100\ (43) *
103. SUBSIDIES/crop payments/government aid to farmers (1974-1986:
FOR subsidies, crop payments/aid to farmers) *
retired. 104. 1974-1986: AGAINST subsidies/crop payments/aid to farmers (9) *
retired. 109. 1980-1986: Other specific references to farm economics
{including mention of unfavorable economic
consequences to farmers from grain embargo of grain
sales/shipments to Russia} (43)
1974-1978: Other specific references to farm economics *
120. WORLD FOOD PROBLEMS; food shortages/starvation/famine (not #406
or 407) (1974-1986: WORLD FOOD PROBLEMS; general reference to
food shortages/starvation/famine {not #406,407}) *
retired. 121. 1974-1986: FOR surplus food disposal; providing food to other
countries; food programs (19) *
retired. 122. 1974-1986: AGAINST surplus food disposal; shouldn't provide
food to other countries; food programs (24) *
retired. 129. 1974-1986: Other specific references to surplus food
distribution (4) *
retired. 145. 1974-1986: Other specific references to farm labor supply (1) *
retired. 147. 1974-1986: Other specific reference to NON-ECONOMIC FARM
PROBLEMS/PROGRAMS {not dealing with economics} (3) *
retired. 148. 1974-1986: Generally FOR other specific farm/agricultural
programs/legislation/expenditures (1) *
retired. 149. 1974-1986: Generally AGAINST other specific farm/agricultural
programs/legislation/expenditure (1) *
ECONOMIC & BUSINESS PROBLEMS (#400-499) coded 2
________________________________________________________
Note: If R mentions both "inflation" (#400) and rise in prices of
specific items (#407-409), code "inflation". (SEE ALSO #496)
400. INFLATION; rate of inflation; level of prices; cost of living
(1974-1986: INFLATION; general reference to inflation; high
prices; high cost of living) *
401. WAGE AND PRICE CONTROLS/GUIDELINES; freezing prices; control of
business profits (1974-1986: FOR wage and/or price
guidelines; wage and/or price controls, freezing prices; control
of business profits) *
retired. 402. 1974-1986: AGAINST wage and/or price controls; against control
of business profits (6) *
403. High price of food, all mentions (exc. #100) *
404. High price of other specific items and services *
405. MINIMUM WAGE, any mention; any mention of wage levels
(1974-1986: MINIMUM WAGE, any mention) *
retired. 406. 1974-1986: SHORTAGES--gen. reference {exc.#120}, NA what;
phony shortages; people wasteful (22) *
407. FOOD SHORTAGES; economic aspects of food shortages, e.g., price
of sugar (other references, code #120) *
408. FUEL SHORTAGES; "energy crisis"; oil companies making excessive
profits; depressed condition of the oil industry (1974-1986:
Fuel shortages; "energy crisis"; oil companies making excessive
profits) *
retired. 409. 1974-1986: Other specific references to shortages (8) *
410. RECESSION, DEPRESSION; prosperity of the nation; economic
growth; GNP (1976-1986: RECESSION, DEPRESSION; general
reference, prosperity of the nation, economic growth) (1974:
RECESSION, DEPRESSION; general reference) *
411. MONETARY RESTRAINTS/CONTROLS; level of interest rates;
availability of money/the money supply (1974-1986: MONETARY
RESTRAINTS/CONTROLS; general reference to interest rates etc.) *
retired. 412. 1974-1986: FOR loosening monetary restraints; for lowering
interest rates \merged with #411\ (161) *
retired. 413. 1974-1986: AGAINST loosening of monetary restraints; high
interest rates (10) *
retired. 414. 1974-1986: FOR {increased} government spending; other
{specific} government stimulation of the economy,
e.g. work programs {not #412} (17) *
415. AGAINST (increased) government spending; balancing of the
(national) budget; against government stimulation of the
economy; the size of the budget deficit [1984] (1974-1982:
AGAINST {increased} government spending; balancing of the
{national} budget; against government stimulation of the
economy) *
416. TAXES; general reference to tax structure; tax surcharge (NA R's
direction); tax reform; other specific tax reference
(1974-1986: TAXES; general reference to tax structure; tax
surcharge {NA R's direction}; other specific tax reference) *
417. FOR tax cuts; against tax surcharge; for tax reform (1974-1986:
FOR tax cuts; against tax surcharge) *
418. AGAINST tax cuts; for tax surcharge; against tax reform
(1974-1986: AGAINST tax cuts; for tax surcharge) *
retired. 419. 1974-1986: Other specific references to recession/depression;
other specific references to monetary/fiscal
controls (36) *
retired. 420. 1974-1986: Construction/housing; all references to housing
starts, construction costs, etc. (20) *
retired. 421. 1974-1986: Business profits are {too} high (6) *
retired. 422. 1974-1986: Business profits are not {too} high (2) *
retired. 423. 1974-1986: Prices are declining, wholesale or retail--any
mention; optimistic economic indications (2) *
424. PRODUCTIVITY of American industry; "giving a day's work for a
day's pay"; revitalizing American industry (1980-1986:
Increased productivity of American industry; "a day's work for
a day's pay"; revitalize American industry
425. STOCK MARKET/ GOLD PRICES; all references to gold prices, stock
brokers, stock fluctuations, etc. *
retired. 426. 1974-1986: Gold outflow; control of foreign investments made
by U.S. companies/citizens (10) *
427. VALUE OF THE DOLLAR; strength/weakness of the dollar against
other currencies (1976-1986: Devaluation of the dollar)
retired. 430. 1974-1986: Anti-trust laws; protection of small businesses;
general reference to anti- trust laws/legislation
(3) *
retired. 431. 1974-1986: FOR {increased} prosecution under anti-trust laws;
protection of small businesses from discount houses,
chains, large corporations; fair trade laws (4) *
retired. 432. 1974-1986: AGAINST prosecution under anti-trust laws;
{additional} control of business, stifling of
individual initiative/free enterprise (5) *
433. Large businesses taking over small businesses *
retired. 434. 1974-1986: Small businesses holding their own (7) *
440. Class oriented economic concerns--middle class, working class
(pro); middle class getting squeezed [1976]
441. Class oriented economic concerns--big business, monied interests
(anti) too powerful [1976]
442. Concern for inequitable distribution of wealth; gap between the
rich and the poor; concentration of wealth in the hands of a few
(1978-1986: Concern for inequitable distribution of wealth)
retired. 450. 1974-1986: Trend toward socialism; general reference--NA
R's direction (11) *
451. FOR the regulation of interstate commerce, transportation, air
travel, railways, government auto safety regulations; in favor
of increased government regulation of business; mention of
problems caused by deregulation [1989] (1974-1988: For the
regulation of interstate commerce, transportation, air travel,
railways, government auto safety regulations; in favor of
increased government regulation of business) *
452. AGAINST (increased) regulation of interstate commerce,
transportation; AIR TRAVEL, RAILWAYS, etc. *
453. Solvency/stability/regulation/control of the nation's FINANCIAL
INSTITUTIONS [1988]. Savings and Loan scandal [1990]
retired. 454. 1974-1986: AGAINST the regulation of communication; control
of content of the media; control of media channels
(1) *
retired. 459. 1974-1986: Other specific references to government control,
trends toward socialism (12) *
460. IMMIGRATION POLICY; establishing limits on how many people from
any one nation can enter the U.S.; prohibiting specified types
of persons from entering the U.S. 1974-1986: IMMIGRATION
POLICY; general reference) *
retired. 461. 1974-1986: FOR immigration policy; against open immigration
merged with #460\ (80) *
463. Problems relating to the influx of political/economic refugees
(Cubans, Haitians, Mexicans, etc.) [1980]
retired. 469. 1974-1986: Other specific references to immigration
policies (17) *
retired. 470. 1974-1986: CONSUMER PROTECTION; general reference (3) *
retired. 471. 1974-1986: FOR {increased} consumer protection legislation;
truth in labeling, packaging, lending; control of
medicines; poisons, harmful products; no fault
insurance (2) *
retired. 475. 1974-1986: FOR {increased} auto, highway, airplane safety (3) *
retired. 476. 1974-1986: AGAINST {increased} auto, highway, airplane
safety (1) *
retired. 480. 1974-1986: MASS TRANSPORTATION; general reference (6) *
retired. 481. 1974-1986: FOR {increased} mass transportation; mass
transportation legislation/expenditures (5) *
retired. 483. 1978-1986: Control of public utilities; utility rates (12)
retired. 484. 1978-1986: Roads, highways, bridges; general unspecified
transportation (10)
retired. 489. 1974-1986: Other specific references to mass transportation
(1) *
retired. 490. 1974-1986: Other specific references to economic problems
\merged with #499\ (73) *
491. Economics--general; "Economics"--NFS [1980] (1974-1978:
Economics--NFS)
492. International economics--general [1976]
493. U.S. foreign trade, balance of payments position; foreign oil
dependency [1978] (1976: U.S. foreign trade, balance of payments
position)
494. Control of FOREIGN INVESTMENT IN U.S.; mention of foreigners
buying U.S. assets (businesses, real estate, stocks, etc) [1990]
(1988: Control of foreign investment in U.S.; limitation of
foreign imports; restriction on foreign car products; general
reference to problems of automobile industry; imposition of
tariffs/reciprocal restrictions on foreign imports) (1982-1986:
Control of foreign investment in U.S.; limitation of foreign
imports; restriction on foreign car imports; general reference
to problems of automobile industry) (1978-1980: Control of
foreign investment in U.S.)
495. PROTECTION OF U.S. INDUSTRIES; imposition of tariffs/reciprocal
restrictions on foreign imports; limitation of foreign imports;
mention of problems in specific industries competing with
foreign manufacturers [1990] (1974-1988: Other specific consumer
protection problems.) *
496. THE ECONOMY--not further specified (code specific mention if R
clarifies by saying "inflation", etc.; also see #400) [1980]
[Note: category #496 was added due to the great increase in the
number of unqualified responses of the "economy." Prior to 1980,
such non-specific responses (fewer in number) were assumed to be
references to the inflation problem and were coded as #400]
497. International competitiveness; outsourcing; loss of jobs to
foreign competition; moving jobs abroad; modernizing
plants/equipment/management techniques to meet foreign
competition; matching the quality of foreign good. (1986:
International competitiveness; outsourcing; loss of jobs
to foreign competition; moving job abroad).
498. Mention of "twin problems" of a large national debt/budget
deficit and unfavorable balance of trade/import-export ratio.
[1988]
499. Other specific mention economic or business problems [1988]
FOREIGN AFFAIRS (#500-599, 700-799 exc.760-769) coded 3
_______________________________________________________________
500. FOREIGN RELATIONS/FOREIGN AFFAIRS; foreign policy/relations,
prestige abroad (1974-1976: FOREIGN RELATIONS/FOREIGN AFFAIRS;
general reference to foreign relations/affairs, prestige
abroad) *
504. Relations with the Third World (no specific country or region
mentioned) [1986]
505. Relations with WESTERN EUROPE; Great Britain, France, Germany;
our allies (1974-1986: Relations with WESTERN EUROPE; Great
Britain, France, Germany; our allies--general mention) *
retired. 506. 1974-1986: FOR better relations with Western Europe
\merged with #505\ (10) *
retired. 507. 1974-1986: AGAINST better relations with Western
Europe (1) *
retired. 509. 1974-1986: Other specific references to Western Europe (5)*
510. VIETNAM; general reference to "the war," Indochina, Cambodia;
aid *
retired. 512. 1974-1986: AGAINST {increased} aid to Indochina, Vietnam,
Cambodia (1) *
retired. 513. 1974-1986: CUBA; any references (8) *
514. Latin America, South America--any references; reference to
war/situation in Nicaragua; U.S. support of the Contras (1986:
Latin America, South America--any references {reference to
war/situation in Nicaragua/Contras}) (1984: Latin America,
South America--any references {reference to war/situation in
Nicaragua}) (1974-1982: Latin America, South America--any
references) *
515. Iran; mention of American hostages in Teheran; arms deal [1986]
[Note: in 1986 and 1988, the response "Iran-Contra" was coded as
#514,515 or two consecutive codes] (1980-1982: Iran; mention of
American hostages in Teheran)
516. African countries; developing areas in Africa--any mention; U.S.
response to apartheid in South Africa (1986: African countries;
developing areas in Africa--any mention)
retired. 517. 1974-1986: Asian countries--any mention {not #510,520} (8) *
519. Other specific countries/areas/trouble spots (exc.#520-539)
[1989] (1974-1988: Other foreign countries/areas/specific
trouble spots {exc.#520-539}) *
retired. 520. 1974-1986: COMMUNIST CHINA; general reference (7) *
retired. 521. 1974-1986: FOR peaceful relations with Communist China;
increased aid/trade with Communist China (5) *
retired. 522. 1974-1986: AGAINST a policy of peaceful relations with
Communist China; against increased aid/trade with
Communist China (2) *
524. MIDDLE EAST-- support or aid to Israel/Arab states; Arab/Israeli
conflict; Iran-Iraq war; hostages in Lebanon/Middle East. Iraqi
aggression in the Persian Gulf [1990] (1989: MIDDLE EAST--
support or aid to Israel/Arab states; Arab/Israeli conflict;
Iran-Iraq war; hostages in Lebanon/Middle East) (1988: MIDDLE
EAST-- support or aid to Israel/Arab states; Arab/Israeli
conflict; Iran-Iraq war {not #525,526, or #527}) (1980-1986:
MIDDLE EAST-- general reference, including Arab/Israeli conflict
and Iran-Iraq war {not #525,526 or #527}) (1974-1978: MIDDLE
EAST-- general reference, including Arab/Israeli conflict {not
#525,526 or #527}) *
retired. 525. 1974-1986: Support of policy favoring ISRAEL; increased
aid to Israel; against support of Arab states)
\merged with #524\ (5) *
retired. 526. 1974-1986: Support of policy favoring ARAB STATES; increased
aid to Arab states; against {increased} support of
Israel \merged with #524\ (8) *
retired. 527. 1974-1986: Mention of other problems or specific country in
the Middle East {not #524-526} \merged with #524\
(47) *
retired. 529. 1974-1986: Other specific reference to Communist China (4) *
530. RUSSIA/Eastern Europe; relations with Russia/the Communist bloc;
detente/trade/negotiations with Russia -- NA whether #531 or
#532 (1974-1986: RUSSIA; general reference to Russia {USSR},
Eastern Europe, detente) *
531. For PEACEFUL RELATIONS with Russia/Detente/Eastern Europe; for
increased TRADE with Russia; talking/resuming negotiations with
Russia on arms control/reduction (reaching/concluding a treaty
is #711) [1984] (1974-1982: For PEACEFUL RELATIONS with
Russia/Detente/Eastern Europe; for increased TRADE with
Russia) *
532. Against policy of Detente with Russia; COLD WAR; threat of
external Communism; need to oppose/be wary of Russia
(1974-1986: AGAINST policy of Detente with Russia; COLD WAR;
threat of external Communism) *
533. Prevention of Russian (Communist) expansion; mention of Soviet
invasion and occupation of Afghanistan-- any reference;
references to Soviet activity in Central America/Nicaragua)
(1984-1986: Prevention of Russian {Communist} expansion;
mention of Soviet invasion and occupation of Afghanistan--any
reference {1984--references to Soviet activity in Central
America/Nicaragua}) (1980-1982: Prevention of Russian
{Communist} expansion; mention of Soviet invasion and occupation
of Afghanistan--any reference) (1974-1978: Prevention of
Russian {Communist} expansion) *
539. Other specific references to Russia/Detente/Eastern Europe, etc.
(including changing site/boycotting 1980 Moscow Olympics);
threat of/preventing war with Russia (exc.#714) (1980-1982:
Other specific references to Russia/Detente/Eastern Europe, etc.
{including changing site/boycotting 1980 Moscow olympics})
(1974-1978: Other specific references to Russia/Detente/Eastern
Europe etc.) *
540. FIRMNESS IN FOREIGN POLICY; maintenance of position of
MILITARY/DIPLOMATIC STRENGTH (not #710-712) (1974-1986:
FIRMNESS IN FOREIGN POLICY; any reference to maintenance of
position of MILITARY/DIPLOMATIC STRENGTH {exc.#551; not
#710-712}) *
550. U.S. FOREIGN (MILITARY) INVOLVEMENT/COMMITMENT, extent of
U.S. Foreign involvement; military assistance/aid (exc. #524)
(1974-1986: U.S. FOREIGN (MILITARY INVOLVEMENT/COMMITMENT,
general reference to extent of U.S. foreign involvement;
MILITARY assistance/aid {exc.#510 and #524}) *
retired. 551. 1974-1986: FOR increased foreign {military} involvement;
for increased {military} committment {exc.
#525,526,540} (8) *
retired. 552. 1974-1986: AGAINST increased foreign involvement; against
increased {military} committment {exc.#512, 525,526}
\merged with #550\ (105) *
retired. 559. 1974-1986: Other specific reference to foreign military
involvement/committment (10) *
560. U.S. FOREIGN (ECONOMIC) INVOLVEMENT/COMMITMENTS; extent of
U.S. {foreign} economic aid; "foreign aid" (1974-1986: U.S.
FOREIGN {ECONOMIC} INVOLVEMENT/COMMITMENTS; general reference
to extent of U.S. {foreign} economic aid) *
retired. 561. 1974-1986: FOR {increased} U.S. economic involvement;
foreign economic aid programs; "foreign aid"
{exc.#520-529} (13) *
retired. 562. 1974-1986: AGAINST {increased} U.S. economic involvement;
foreign economic aid programs; "foreign aid" \merged
with #560\ (149) *
retired. 569. 1974-1986: Other specific reference to U.S. {economic}
foreign aid (18) *
570. Prevention of war; ESTABLISHMENT OF PEACE; any reference *
retired. 580. 1974-1986: General reference to relation with the UNITED
NATIONS (3) *
retired. 582. 1974-1986: AGAINST {increased} support of United Nations (1) *
585. Obligation to TAKE CARE OF PROBLEMS AT HOME before helping
foreign countries *
retired. 590. 1974-1986: Other specific foreign affairs problems/items
\merged with #599\ (68) *
599. Other specific mention of foreign affairs problems [1988]
700. NATIONAL DEFENSE; defense budget; level of spending on defense
(1978-1986: NATIONAL DEFENSE; general reference; defense
budget) (1974-1976: NATIONAL DEFENSE; general reference) *
710. DISARMAMENT; general reference to ENDING OF THE ARMS RACE;
nuclear proliferation; test ban treaty (not #540); SALT; INF
treaty (1980-1986: DISARMAMENT; general reference to ENDING OF
THE ARMS RACE; nuclear proliferation; test ban treaty {not
#540}; SALT) (1974-1978: DISARMAMENT; general reference to
ENDING OF THE ARMS RACE; nuclear proliferation; test ban treaty
{not #540}) *
711. For DISARMAMENT; for extension of test ban treaty; support
toward ending of arms race; against (additional) expenditures on
military/arms development; SALT; SDI ("Star Wars"); INF treaty
(1986: For DISARMAMENT; for extension of test ban treaty;
support toward ending of arms race; against {additional}
expenditures on military/arms development; SALT; SDI {"Star
Wars"}) (1986: For DISARMAMENT; for extension of test ban
treaty; support toward ending of arms race; against {additional}
expenditures on military/arms development; SALT; SDI {"Star
Wars"}) (1980-1984: For DISARMAMENT; for extension of test ban
treaty; support toward ending of arms race; against {additional}
expenditures on military/arms development; SALT) (1974-1978:
For DISARMAMENT; for extension of test ban treaty; support
toward ending of arms race; against {additional} expenditures
on military/arms development) *
712. Against (increased) policy of DISARMAMENT; against test ban
treaty; for additional WEAPONS DEVELOPMENT; missile program;
scientific/technological development in weapons/strategy; atomic
bomb testing; increased DEFENSE BUDGET, increased arms
expenditure (not #540); SALT; increased pay for military
personnel; SDI ("Star Wars"); INF treaty (1986: Against
{increased} policy of DISARMAMENT; against test ban treaty; for
additional WEAPONS DEVELOPMENT; missile program; scientific/
technological development in weapons/strategy; atomic bomb
testing; increased DEFENSE BUDGET, increased arms expenditure
{not #540}; SALT; increased pay for military personnel; SDI
{"Star Wars"}) (1980-1984: Against {increased} policy of
DISARMAMENT; against test ban treaty; for additional WEAPONS
DEVELOPMENT; missile program; scientific/technological
development in weapons/strategy; atomic bomb testing; increased
DEFENSE BUDGET, increased arms expenditure {not #540}; SALT;
increased pay for military personnel) (1974-1978: Against
{increased} policy of DISARMAMENT; against test ban treaty;
for additional WEAPONS DEVELOPMENT; missile program; scientific/
technological development in weapons/strategy; atomic bomb
testing; increased DEFENSE BUDGET, increased arms expenditure
{not #540}) *
713. General or specific references to functioning and performance of
defense; waste, inefficiency (not codeable in #710-712) [1976]
714. Nuclear war; the threat of nuclear war [1984]
retired. 719. 1984-1986: Other specific references to the arms race/
disarmament; putting missiles in space \merged with
#710,711,714\ (42) 1974-1982: Other specific
references to the arms race/disarmament *
retired. 730. 1974-1986: General reference to THE DRAFT; selective service
system; universal conscription (5) *
retired. 731. 1974-1986: FOR reinstatement of the draft (10) *
retired. 732. 1974-1986: AGAINST reinstatement of the draft (1) *
retired. 734. 1974-1986: AMNESTY; general reference to amnesty for draft
dodgers/Ford's plan (2) *
retired. 736. 1974-1986: AGAINST amnesty for draft dodgers/Ford's plan (2) *
740. The space program; space race (not #711,712) [1986] (1974-1984:
SPACE RACE; any mention) *
750. MORALE OF NATION; Patriotism; National spirit; national unity;
greed, selfishness of people *
760-769: SEE code 9 (Social Welfare) EXCEPT: 765 (code 7)
retired. 770. 1974-1986: Influence of military; civilian control of military;
defense management--any mention (7) *
retired. 790. 1974-1986: Other specific national defense items \merged with
#799\ (15) *
799. Other specific mention of national defense problems [1988]
FUNCTIONING OF GOVERNMENT (#800-899) coded 4
_____________________________________________________
800. POWER OF THE (FEDERAL) GOVERNMENT; power of/control exercised
by the federal government (1974-1986: POWER OF THE {FEDERAL}
GOVERNMENT; general reference, NA specificity) *
retired. 801. 1986: GOVERNMENT CONTROL OF INFORMATION; secrecy; news
management; over- classification of information--any
mention {renumbered from #805} (5, for #801/805)
retired. 805. 1974-1986: GOVERNMENT CONTROL OF INFORMATION; secrecy; news
management; over- classification of
information--any mention (see above) *
810. (LACK OF) HONESTY IN GOVERNMENT; (LACK OF) ETHICS IN
GOVERNMENT--general reference (exc. #811) *
811. LACK OF PERSONAL ETHICS/morality of persons related to or part
of government *
retired. 815. 1974-1986: {News} Media bias; slanting/twisting of the news
(13) *
retired. 819. 1974-1986: Other specific reference to honesty/ethics
in government (8) *
820. CAMPAIGN DONATIONS/PUBLIC FINANCING OF ELECTIONS; any mentions *
830. CONFIDENCE/TRUST in political leaders/system; wisdom, ability,
responsiveness of political leaders; quality of leadership
provided by political leaders (1974-1986: CONFIDENCE/TRUST in
political leaders/system--general reference) *
retired. 831. 1974-1986: INCREASED confidence/trust in political leaders/
system, wisdom, ability, general representativeness
of political leaders, Congressmen, Supreme Court
(6) *
retired. 832. 1974-1986: DECREASED confidence/trust in political leaders/
system, little wisdom, ability, general
representativeness of political leaders,
Congressmen, Supreme Court; need for better
politicians/political system \merged with #830\
(171) *
833. QUALITY/EFFICIENCY of public employees, diplomats, civil
service; SIZE OF THE GOVERNMENT BUREAUCRACY; COST OF
GOVERNMENT
(1974-1986: QUALITY/EFFICIENCY; general reference to the
quality of public employees, diplomats, civil service,
GOVERNMENT BUREAUCRACY; COST OF GOVERNMENT) *
retired. 834. 1974-1986: INCREASED quality/efficiency of public employees,
diplomats, civil service; need for large government
bureaucracy; increase cost of government (3) *
retired. 835. 1974-1986: DECREASED quality/efficiency of public employees,
diplomats, civil service; decrease government
bureaucracy; decrease cost of government \merged
with #833\ (33) *
836. COMPENSATION; all references to the compensation of government
employees, officials, congressmen, judges, local politicians/
bureaucrats *
837. Waste in government spending; keeping tabs on where money goes
[1978]
838. Government BUDGET PRIORITIES are wrong; Congress/President is
spending money in the wrong areas/not spending money on the
right things [1990]
840. SIZE OF FEDERAL GOVERNMENT; the (large) size of government/civil
service/bureaucracy; the number of government departments/
employees/programs (1974-1986: SIZE OF FEDERAL GOVERNMENT; gen.
reference to the {large} size of government/civil service/
bureaucracy) *
retired. 841. 1974-1986: FOR a more powerful {federal} government; less state
rights; increased centralism (1) *
retired. 842. 1974-1986: AGAINST {increased} power of the {federal}
government; more states rights; federal government
is too powerful vis a vis states \merged with #840\
(35) *
retired. 849. 1974-1986: Other specific references to the size of the
government vis a vis states (3) *
retired. 850. 1974-1986: POWER OF THE EXECUTIVE OFFICE; power of the
President -- general reference (5) *
retired. 851. 1974-1986: FOR {greater} Presidential power (2) *
retired. 852. 1974-1986: AGAINST {greater} Presidential power (1) *
853. POWER OF CONGRESS--general reference *
retired. 854. 1974-1986: FOR {increased} Congressional power; Congress
should do more, take more initiative (5) *
retired. 855. 1974-1986: AGAINST {increased} Congressional power (4) *
856. POWER OF THE SUPREME COURT, all other references to the Supreme
Court exc. #858 *
retired. 858. 1974-1986: AGAINST {increased} role by the Supreme Court (3) *
859. Other specific references to the (federal) balance of power *
862. FAIR ELECTION PROCEDURES; prevention of vote manipulation;
curbing of political "bosses", smear campaigns *
869. Other specific references to problems of representation *
retired. 870. 1974-1986: CAPABILITY/OTHER QUALITIES {pertaining to the
representativeness} OF POLITICAL LEADERS,
Congressmen, judges {exc. Watergate} (38) *
retired. 871. 1974-1986: Government/politician catering to special/
pressure groups; lack of devotion to general
welfare; LACK OF SERVICE TO ALL THE PEOPLE;
lobbying; lobbyist (48) *
retired. 872. 1982-1986: PRESIDENT REAGAN; general reference to Reagan's
style/quality (9) 1978-1980: PRESIDENT CARTER;
general reference to Carter's style/quality
1974-1976: PRESIDENT FORD; general reference to
Fords' style/quality *
retired. 873. 1982-1986: Pro-Reagan comments, complimentary comments
regarding quality & style of the president (8)
1978-1980: Pro-Carter comments, complimentary
comments regarding quality & style of the president
1974-1976: Pro-Ford comments, complimentary
comments regarding quality & style of the
president *
874. Lack of support for the President; any anti-President comments,
negative reference to the PRESIDENT's quality, style, etc.
(1982-1986: Lack of support for Reagan; any anti-Reagan
comments, negative reference to Reagan's quality, style, etc.)
(1978-1980: Lack of support for Carter; any anti-Carter
comments, negative reference to Reagan's quality, style, etc.)
(1974-1976: Lack of support for Ford; any anti-Ford comments,
negative reference to Reagan's quality, style, etc.) *
retired. 875. 1980-1986: Incumbent Congressman: mentions relating to
appraisals of incumbent's performance or experience
{including voting record, seniority, experience} (2)
retired. 876. 1980-1986: Mentions relating to candidate differences
rooted in personal qualities, party affiliations or
ideological problems (3)
878. Mention of a specific CANDIDATE or relative of a candidate --
NFS [1988]
retired. 879. 1974-1986: Other specific references to quality of
political leaders (9) *
retired. 880. 1974-1986: DEMOCRATIC LANDSLIDE; all references to unequal
representation of parties/constituents in Congress
(7) *
881. New president/administration getting started; other references
specific to the President [1980] (1978: New President/new
administration getting started) (1976: President Carter --new
administration getting started; other specific Carter mentions)
retired. 882. 1978-1986: Issues pertaining to the district economy; federal
spending in the district, in general or for specific
projects (15)
885. PUBLIC APATHY/disinterest--all references *
retired. 886. 1976-1986: Getting people {back} together; unity of our
people (35)
retired. 890. 1974-1986: Other specific issues relating to the functioning of
the government \merged with #899\ (82) *
887. Extending/protecting EQUAL RIGHTS, basic freedoms, human rights
of all citizens [1990]
899. Other specific mention of problems relating to the functioning
of government [1988]
LABOR PROBLEMS / UNION-MANAGEMENT RELATIONS: (#200-299) coded 5
____________________________________________________________________
200. LABOR/UNION PROBLEMS; union practices; job security provided
workers; job safety issues; working conditions (1974-1986:
LABOR/UNION PROBLEMS; general reference to union practices) *
retired. 201. 1974-1986: ANTI-UNION; protection of workers from unions;
right to work laws; democracy in unions; elimination
of racketeers/ communists in unions; financial
accountability of union officials; anti- union
legislation (29) *
retired. 202. 1974-1986: SUPPORT OF UNIONS; vis a vis employers; freedom
to strike; permission for closed shop; pro-union
legislation (4) *
retired. 209. 1974-1986: Other specific references to labor/union problems
(11) *
retired. 210. 1974-1986: {ARBITRATION OF} LABOR MANAGEMENT DISPUTES;
general
reference to strikes/ walkouts, binding
arbitration (14) *
retired. 211. 1974-1986: FOR arbitration of labor management disputes;
central prevention of strikes/ binding arbitration
(9) *
retired. 212. 1974-1986: AGAINST arbitration of labor management disputes; in
favor of strikes {as tactic} (1) *
retired. 219. 1974-1986: Other specific reference to {arbitration of} labor
management disputes (4) *
220. Anti-union; unions too powerful [1976]
retired. 290. 1974-1986: Other specific references to labor problems (14) *
299. Other specific mention of labor or union-management problems
[1988]
NATURAL RESOURCES (#150-199) coded 6
_____________________________________________
150. CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES; conservation, ecology;
protecting the environment/endangered species (1974-1986:
CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES; general reference to
conservation, ecology; the environment in general) *
151. Controlling/REGULATING GROWTH or land development; banning
further growth/development in crowded or ecologically sensitive
areas; preserving natural areas [1990] (1974-1988: FOR
conservation programs; additional legislation for controlling
pollution, water and air; in favor of legislative solutions for
environmental problems) *
retired. 152. 1974-1986: AGAINST {additional or increased} conservation
programs; against legislation for controlling
water and air pollution; against legislative or
forced solutions for environmental problems (7) *
153. POLLUTION; clean air/water (1976-1986: Pollution {no specific
program mentioned, not codeable in #151,152}
154. Disposal of RADIOACTIVE/TOXIC waste (dumps, landfills)
(1982-1986: Disposal of radioactive waste {dumps, landfills})
(1980: Disposal of nuclear waste {dumps, landfills})
retired. 159. 1974-1986: Other specific references to conservation/ natural
resources {not #160-169} (38) *
160. DEVELOPMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES /ENERGY SOURCES; harbors, dams,
canals, irrigation, flood control, navigation, reclamation;
location, mining, stock-piling of minerals; water power, atomic
power; development of alternative sources of energy (includes
mentions of solar or nuclear power) (1980-1986: DEVELOPMENT OF
NATURAL RESOURCES; general reference to harbors, dams, canals,
irrigation, flood control, navigation, reclamation; location,
mining, stockpiling of minerals; water power, atomic power;
development of alternative sources of energy {includes mentions
of solar or nuclear power}) (1974-1978: DEVELOPMENT OF NATURAL
RESOURCES; general reference to harbors, dams, canals,
irrigation, flood control, navigation, reclamation; location,
mining, stockpiling of minerals; water power, atomic power;
development of alternative sources of energy) *
retired. 161. 1980-1986: FOR DEVELOPMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES {not #151};
need to develop alternative sources of energy
{mentions of solar or nuclear power} \merged with
#160\ (66)
1974-1978: FOR DEVELOPMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES {not #151};
need to develop alternative sources of energy *
retired. 162. 1980-1986: AGAINST {additional or increased} DEVELOPMENT
OF NATURAL RESOURCES; high cost of development of
natural resources to the environment {not #152};
against programs to develop alternative sources of
energy {includes mentions of solar or nuclear
power} (13) 1974-1978: FOR DEVELOPMENT OF NATURAL
RESOURCES {not #151}; need to develop alternative
sources of energy *
retired. 169. 1974-1986: Other specific references to the development of
natural resources (7) *
retired. 190. 1974-1986: Other specific references to other natural
resources problems (6) *
199. Other specific mentions of agriculture or natural resources
problems [1988]
PUBLIC ORDER PROBLEMS (#045,046, 320-399) coded 7
________________________________________________________
045. PRO-ABORTION; pro-choice; the right of a woman to control her
body (1974-1986: PRO-ABORTION) *
046. ANTI-ABORTION; pro-life; "abortion"--NFS (1974-1986:
ANTI-ABORTION) *
retired. 049. 1974-1986: Other specific references to abortion \merged with
#046\ (27) *
320. NARCOTICS; availability of drugs; extent of drug/alcohol
addiction in the U.S.; interdiction of drugs coming to the U.S.
from foreign countries; alcohol or drug related crime
(1974-1986: NARCOTICS; general reference to drugs; drug
addiction; pep pills, LSD, marijuana) *
retired. 321. 1974-1986: AGAINST use of narcotics, LSD, marijuana, alcohol,
etc. \merged with #320\ (90) *
retired. 329. 1974-1986: Other specific mention of narcotics/drugs/alcohol,
etc. \merged with #320\ (28) *
330. WOMEN'S RIGHTS; references to women's issues; economic equality
for women; ERA (1974-1986: WOMEN'S RIGHTS/LIBERATION; general
reference) *
retired. 331. 1974-1986: PRO women's rights/liberation; for ERA \merged
with #330\ (21) *
retired. 332. 1974-1986: ANTI women's rights/liberation; against ERA
\merged with #330\ (23) *
retired. 339. 1974-1986: Other specific references to women's rights/
liberation (11) *
340. CRIME/VIOLENCE; too much crime; streets aren't safe; mugging,
murder, shoplifting; drug related crime [1989] (1988:
CRIME/VIOLENCE; too much crime; streets aren't safe; mugging,
murder, shoplifting) (1974-1986: CRIME/VIOLENCE; general
reference to crime) *
retired. 341. 1974-1986: Too much crime; streets aren't safe; mugging,
murder, shoplifting \merged with #340\ (113) *
retired. 342. 1974-1986: JUVENILE DELINQUENCY; any mention {not #320-329,383}
(15) *
retired. 350. 1974-1986: CIVIL LIBERTIES; general reference to rights of
accused, freedom of speech, etc. (10) *
retired. 351. 1974-1986: FOR {expansion of} civil rights/rights of accused/
freedom of speech, etc. (6) *
retired. 352. 1974-1986: AGAINST {expansion of} civil rights/rights of
accused/freedom of speech, etc. (10) *
retired. 359. 1976-1986: General or specific references to human rights;
"discrimination" {not codeable in #300-304, 330-339}
(30)
360. LAW AND ORDER; respect for the law/police; support for the
police; death penalty; tougher sentences for criminals; need for
more prisons [1990] (1988: LAW AND ORDER; respect for the
law/police; support for the police; death penalty) (1974-1986:
LAW AND ORDER; general reference to law/police enforcement) *
retired. 361. 1986: FOR greater law/police enforcement; pro death penalty
\merged with #360\ (62) 1974-1984: FOR greater
law/police enforcement *
retired. 362. 1974-1986: AGAINST police brutality, police state, wiretapping,
etc.; against death penalty (1) *
retired. 364. 1974-1986: Against STUDENT DISORDERS/DISTURBANCES; riots on
campus (1) *
367. Against unregistered ownership of guns; legislative control of
guns; "CONTROL OF GUNS"-NFS [1989] (1974-1988: Against
unregistered ownership of guns; legislative control of guns;
"CONTROL OF GUNS") *
368. For gun ownership; right to have guns; against gun control *
retired. 369. 1974-1986: Specific mention of "law and order" (10) *
370. EXTREMIST GROUPS/TERRORISTS; terrorist bombings/hostage-taking;
political subversives; revolutionary ideas/approaches (1986:
General mention of extremist groups; terrorists; terrorist
bombings; political subversives; revolutionary ideas/approaches,
NA direction) (1974-1984: General mention of extremist groups;
terrorists; terrorist bombings; terrorist highjackings; political
subversives; revolutionary ideas/approaches, NA direction) *
retired. 372. 1974-1986: Against extremist groups; terrorists; subversives
{exc.#373,374} (16) *
retired. 373. 1974-1986: Against Arab terrorists; PLO (2) *
retired. 374. 1986: Terrorist hijacking; terrorist hostage-taking \merged
with #370\ (29) 1974-1984: Terrorist hijacking *
retired. 379. 1974-1986: Other specific mention of terrorist groups/
subversives (5) *
380. General mention of MORAL/RELIGIOUS DECAY (of nation); sex, bad
language, adult themes on TV [1984] (1974-1982: General mention
of MORAL/RELIGIOUS DECAY {of nation}) *
381. Family problems--divorce; proper treatment of children; decay of
family (except #006) (1976-1986: Family problems--divorce;
proper treatment of children; decay of family)
383. Problems of/with YOUNG PEOPLE; drug/alcohol abuse among young
people; sexual attitudes; lack of values/discipline; mixed-up
thinking; lack of goals/ambition/sense of responsibility [1989]
(1974-1988: YOUNG PEOPLE {exc.#361}; general reference to
drinking {exc.#321}, sexual freedom, discipline, mixed-up
thinking, "hippies;" communication with young, etc.) *
384. Religion (too) mixed up in politics; prayer in school
(1984-1986: Religion {too} mixed up in politics)
retired. 390. 1974-1986: Other specific reference to public order problems
\merged with #399\ (96) *
retired. 395. 1974-1986: Control of {internal} communist threat; communists
(34) *
385. HOMOSEXUALITY; protecting civil rights of gays and lesbians;
accepting the lifestyle of homosexuals; granting homosexual
couples the same rights and benefits as heterosexual couples
[1992]
399. Other specific mention of racial or public order problems; other
mention of domestic issues [1988]
765. Allowing/accepting gays in the military [1992]
RACIAL PROBLEMS (#300-304) coded 8
_________________________________________
300. CIVIL RIGHTS/RACIAL PROBLEMS; programs to enable Blacks to gain
social/economic/educational/political equality; relations
between Blacks and whites (1974-1986: CIVIL RIGHTS/RACIAL
PROBLEMS; general or vague reference in which R's personal
perspective is unclear; NA R's perspective) *
retired. 301. 1974-1986: Protection of {expansion of} CIVIL RIGHTS OF BLACKS;
housing integration; fair employment practices;
right to vote; fair treatment by police (32) *
302. PROTECTION (expansion) OF WHITE MAJORITY; maintenance of
segregation; right to choose own neighborhood; right to
discriminate in employment *
retired. 303. 1974-1986: Protection {expansion} of civil rights to other
{or all} MINORITY GROUPS (12) *
304. Discrimination against whites; preferred treatment given to minorities *
retired. 310. 1974-1986: BUSING; general reference (31) *
retired. 311. 1974-1986: PRO-BUSING; school integration (13) *
retired. 312. 1974-1986: ANTI-BUSING; maintenance of segregated schools (6) *
retired. 317. 1974-1986: Other specific reference to civil rights/racial
problems (13) *
retired. 319. 1974-1986: AGAINST other specific programs/proposals/
legislation for {extending} civil rights (2) *
SOCIAL WELFARE (#001-099,760-769 exc.045,046) coded 9
________________________________________________________
001. General reference to domestic issues; repairing/maintaining
nation's infrastructure (roads, bridges, dams, etc) (1974-1986:
General reference to domestic issues) *
005. POPULATION; any mention of population increase; reference to
over-population/birth control *
006. DAY CARE; child care [1988]
010. UNEMPLOYMENT; the number of people with jobs; unemployment
rate/compensation; job retraining (1974-1986: UNEMPLOYMENT;
general reference to employment/unemployment; compensation; job
retraining, etc.) *
retired. 011. 1974-1986: FOR increased unemployment compensation; more or
better job retraining; aid to depressed economic
areas; government creation of jobs \merged with
#010\ (186) *
retired. 012. 1974-1986: AGAINST increased unemployment compensation;
less job retraining no government creation of jobs
(8) *
013. CREATE JOBS/RECRUIT INDUSTRY in specific area/region/state
[1988]
retired. 019. 1974-1986: Other specific references to employment/unemployment
{not 200-299} (52) *
020. EDUCATION; financial assistance for schools/colleges/students;
quality of education/the learning environment/teaching
(1974-1986: EDUCATION; general reference to financial assistance
for schools/colleges; quality of education) *
retired. 021. 1974-1986: FOR {increased} aid to education, financial
assistance to schools and/or colleges; need for
improved school materials; need for better
teachers/education \merged with #020\ (102) *
retired. 022. 1974-1986: AGAINST aid to education (2) *
retired. 029. 1964-1986: Other specific references to education (49)*
030. AGED/ELDERLY; social security benefits; administration of social
security; medical care for the aged; medicare benefits; insuring
against catastrophic illness (1980-1986: AGED/ELDERLY; general
reference to aged; Social Security; Medicare; medical care for
the aged; administration of Social Security) (1974-1978:
AGED/ELDERLY; general reference to aged; Social Security;
Medicare; medical care for the aged) *
retired. 031. 1982-1986: FOR {increased} assistance to the aged; increased
Social Security; for government supported medical
care for the aged; "Medicare" \merged with #030\
(313)
1974-1980: FOR increased assistance to the aged; increased
Social Security; for government supported medical
care for the aged; "Medicare" *
retired. 032. 1974-1986: AGAINST {increased} assistance to the aged;
against additional Social Security; anti- "Medicare"
(13) *
035. Social Security won't be around in the future; paying into a
system which won't benefit me/them [1984]
retired. 039. 1974-1986: Other specific references to the aged (24) *
040. HEALTH PROBLEMS/COST OF MEDICAL CARE; quality of medical care;
medical research/training of doctors and other health personnel;
hospitals; National Health insurance program (1974-1986: HEALTH
PROBLEMS; general reference to quality of care; COST OF MEDICAL
CARE; medical research, training of doctors and other health
personnel; hospitals; National Health Insurance) *
retired. 041. 1974-1986: FOR increased {government supported} quality of
care more medical research and training of related
personnel; for National Health Insurance (48) *
retired. 042. 1974-1986: AGAINST {government} supported medical care,
National Health Insurance, etc. (3) *
retired. 043. 1974-1986: MENTAL HEALTH care facilities/problems--all
references (8) *
048. Other specific references to health problems; AIDS [1986]
(1974-1984: Other specific references to health problems) *
050. HOUSING; providing housing for the poor/homeless; ability of
young people to afford to buy homes/find homes to buy
(1974-1986: HOUSING; general reference {not #054}) *
retired. 051. 1974-1986: FOR {additional} legislation/expenditures on
housing {not #055} (25) *
retired. 052. 1974-1986: AGAINST {additional} legislation/expenditures
on housing (2) *
retired. 054. 1974-1986: URBAN RENEWAL/PLANNING; general reference to
ghettos, slums, urban blight; model cities programs;
include general reference to "urban problems" (9) *
retired. 055. 1974-1986: FOR urban renewal; model cities program; rent
subsidies, etc. (3) *
retired. 059. 1974-1986: Other specific reference to housing and urban
problems (15) *
060. POVERTY; aid to the poor/underprivileged people; help for the
(truly) needy; welfare programs (such as ADC); general reference
to anti-poverty programs; hunger/help for hungry people in the
U.S. (1984-1986: POVERTY; general reference to poor/
underprivileged people; welfare programs (such as ADC), general
reference to anti-poverty programs; hunger/hungry people in the
U.S.) (1974-1982: POVERTY; general reference to poor/
underprivileged people; welfare programs (such as ADC), general
reference to anti-poverty programs) *
retired. 061. 1984-1986: FOR {additional} welfare assistance {for help,
education/jobs for the poor} {exc.#063}; give {more}
aid to hungry people in U.S. \merged with #060\
(221)
1974-1982: FOR {additional} welfare assistance {for help,
education/jobs for the poor} {exc.#063} *
retired. 062. 1974-1986: AGAINST {additional} welfare assistance {exc.#064}
(55) *
retired. 063. 1974-1986: FOR {additional} welfare assistance SPECIFICALLY TO
BLACKS AND OTHER MINORITY GROUPS (4) *
retired. 064. 1974-1986: AGAINST {additional} welfare assistance SPECIFICALLY
TO BLACKS AND OTHER MINORITY GROUPS; INDIANS,
MEXICAN-AMERICANS, CHICANOS, PUERTO RICANS, etc.
(9) *
retired. 069. 1974-1986: Other specific references to poverty (38) *
090. SOCIAL WELFARE PROBLEMS; "welfare"--NFS (1974-1986: SOCIAL
WELFARE PROBLEMS; vague or general reference to other social
welfare problems {exc.#091,092} or other specific reference;
"welfare") *
091. For general or other social welfare programs; "we need to help
people more" *
092. Against general or other social welfare programs; "too many give
away programs for the people who don't deserve it" *
099. Other specific mentions of social welfare problems [1988]
760. BENEFITS FOR VETERANS; general reference *
retired. 761. 1974-1986: FOR {increased} benefits for veterans (11) *
retired. 762. 1974-1986: AGAINST {increased} benefits for veterans (1) *
retired. 769. 1974-1986: Other specific references to benefits for veterans
(5) *
OTHER (#000,950-959, 995-999) coded 0, 97-99
___________________________________________________
retired. 950. 1974-1986: WATERGATE/TAPES; general reference to Watergate
{exc. #951} (33) * {to 97} retired. 951. 1974-1986:
AGAINST government allocation of time/money for
Watergate issues; trial too much time spent on
Watergate (9) * {to 97}
retired. 959. 1974-1986: Other specific Watergate mentions (3) * {to 97}
Note: Cases coded 997 in original study datasets have been
recoded to 990 in Cumulative Data File variable VCF0877.
995. "There were no issues"; "there were no issues, just party
politics" [1978] (to 00)
996. "There was no campaign in my district" [1978] (to 00)
997. Other specific mentions of important problems * (to 97)
998. DK * (to 98)
999. NA * (to 99)
000. Inap, no further mention; no problems * (to 00)
Walter Mebane
2005-11-03