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» II. RELIGION 1990 AND LATER

 By 1988 NES had become aware that the evolution of the American religious
 scene had made the Religion Code in use at the time inadequate.  Two main
 criticisms were leveled against it:  1) there weren't separate codes for some
 of the fastest growing denominations in the last twenty years;  and 2) groups
 with different characteristics along political dimensions were lumped under
 the same heading.  A group of scholars headed by David Leege from the
 University of Notre Dame developed and then tested (in the 1989 NES Pilot)
 an entirely new coding scheme which was adopted in 1990.  Note that this new
 set of codes has coding added for different affiliations within the major
 mainline Protestant denominations, and the Pentecostal, Holiness,
 fundamentalist and evangelical Protestant denominations have been reworked
 almost entirely.

 The listing below of 1990-later religion codes includes a rough
 "translation table" for comparison with the 1960-1988 master codes and is
 designed to help analysts doing comparisons across years.  However, the very
 nature of those problems which the new code was designed to address makes any
 translation between the two coding schemes extremely dubious (for a complete
 discussion of the development of the 1990 Code please see: Leege, D., Wald,
 K. & Kellstedt L., 'Religion and Politics: A report on Measures of
 Religiosity in the 1989 NES Pilot Study').   In the second column is the
 1990-later code; in the first column is the 1960-1988 code which would have
 been assigned to the same given response; blanks in the first column mean
 that there is no specific category associated with this response in the
 1960-1988 codes.  Note that in some cases without indication of 1960-1988
 equivalent (blank), it is nonetheless clear from context what 1960-1988
 code number probably would have been assigned to a particular response [for
 example, "Norwegian Lutheran"--115 in 1990-1992-- would certainly have been
 coded 111 "Lutheran not further specified" in 1960-1988], but in other
 instances it is not apparent how responses coded in 1990 and later would have
 been coded in 1960-1988 coding scheme.

  NOTE:  The following additions and changes to the full set of religious
         denomination codes (years 1990 and later) have been made:

              Year            Codes                     Change made
              ----            -----------------------   -----------
              1990            151 (Congreg. Christian)    new number (155)
              1994            111,186,234,262,276         added
              1996            240                         added
              1998            263,264,524,725,726,727     added


          1990-                           NFS = 'not further specified'
 1988:    later:

               GENERAL PROTESTANT
 100      010. Protestant, no denomination given
 101      020. Non-denominational Protestant
 102      030. Community church
 040      040. Inter-denominational Protestant
          099. Christian (NFS); "just Christian"

               ADVENTIST
 139      100. 7th Day Adventist
          102. Fundamentalist Adventists (Worldwide CHurch of God) [1990 only]
          109. Adventist (NFS)

               ANGLICAN
 116      110. Episcopalian; Anglican
          111. Independent Anglican, Episcopalian


               BAPTIST
          120. American Baptist Association
          121. American Baptist Churches U.S.A. (inaccurately known as
                "Northern Baptist")
          122. Baptist Bible Fellowship
          123. Baptist General Conference
          124. Baptist Missionary Association of America
          125. Conservative Baptist Association of America
          126. General Association of Regular Baptist Churches (G.A.R.B.)
 138      127. National Association of Free Will Baptists (United Free Will
                Baptist Church)
 138      128. Primitive Baptists
          129. National Baptist Convention in the U.S.A.*
          130. National Baptist Convention of America*
          131. National Primitive Baptist Convention of the U.S.A.*
          132. Progressive National Baptist Convention*
          133. United Free-Will Baptist Church [1990 only]
          134. Reformed Baptist (Calvinist)
 140      135. Southern Baptist Convention
          147. Fundamental Baptist (no denom. ties)
          148. Local (independent) Baptist churches with no denominational
               ties or links to a national fellowship
 123      149. Baptist (NFS)

               CONGREGATIONAL
 112,     150. United Church of Christ (includes Congregational, Evangelical
 113,          and Reformed)
 115
          155. Congregational Christian

               EUROPEAN FREE CHURCH (ANABAPTISTS)
          160. Church of the Brethren
 127      161. Brethren (NFS)
 126      162. Mennonite Church
          163. Moravian Church
 126      164. Old Order Amish
 155      165. Quakers (Friends)
          166. Evangelical Covenant Church (not Anabaptist in tradition)
          167. Evangelical Free Church (not Anabaptist in tradition)
          168. Brethren in Christ
          170. Mennonite Brethren

               HOLINESS
          180. Christian and Missionary Alliance (CMA)
 131      181. Church of God (Anderson, IN)
 132      182. Church of the Nazarene
 132      183. Free Methodist Church
 137      184. Salvation Army
          185. Wesleyan Church
          186. Church of God of Findlay, OH
          199. Holiness (NFS); Church of God (NFS); R not or NA whether R
               Pentecostal or Charismatic

                INDEPENDENT-FUNDAMENTALIST
 134      200. Plymouth Brethren
          201. Independent Fundamentalist Churches of America
 149      219. Independent-Fundamentalist (NFS)

               LUTHERAN
          220. Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (formerly Lutheran
               Church in America and The American Lutheran Church); ELCA
 141      221. Lutheran Church--Missouri Synod; LC-MS
          222. Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod; WELS
          223. Other Conservative Lutheran
 111      229. Lutheran (NFS)

               METHODIST
 122      230. United Methodist Church; Evangelical United Brethren
 121      231. African Methodist Episcopal Church
          232. African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church
          233. Christian Methodist Episcopal Church
          234. Primitive Methodist

          240. Congregational Methodist (Fundamentalist)
 120      249. Methodist (NFS)

               PENTECOSTAL
 135      250. Assemblies of God
 131      251. Church of God (Cleveland, TN)
          252. Church of God (Huntsville, AL)
          253. International Church of the Four Square Gospel
          254. Pentecostal Church of God
          255. Pentecostal Holiness Church
          256. United Pentecostal Church International
 131      257. Church of God in Christ (incl. NA whether 258)
 133      258. Church of God in Christ (International)
          260. Church of God of the Apostolic Faith
          261. Church of God in Prophecy
          262. Vineyard Fellowship
          263. Open Bible Standard Churches
          264. Full Gospel
          267. Apostolic Pentecostal
          268. Spanish Pentecostal
 135      269. Pentecostal (NFS); Church of God (NFS); R not or NA whether R
               Pentecostal or Charismatic

               PRESBYTERIAN
          270. Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A.
          271. Cumberland Presbyterian Church
          272. Presbyterian Church in American (PCA)
          275. Evangelical Presbyterian
          276. Reformed Presbyterian (NFS)
 110      279. Presbyterian (NFS)

               REFORMED
 114      280. Christian Reformed Church (inaccurately known as "Dutch
               Reformed")
          281. Reformed Church in America
          282. Free Hungarian Reformed Church
          289. Reformed (NFS)

               RESTORATIONIST
 124,125  290. Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)
          291. Christian Churches and Churches of Christ
 136      292. Churches of Christ; "Church of Christ" (NFS)
          293. Christian Congregation


               NON-TRADITIONAL PROTESTANTS
 150      300. Christian Scientists
 152      301. Mormons; Latter Day Saints
 151      302. Spiritualists
 153      303. Unitarian; Universalist
 154      304. Jehovah's Witnesses
 156      305. Unity; Unity Church; Christ Church Unity
          306. Fundamentalist Adventist (Worldwide Church of God)
          309. Non-traditional Protestant (NFS)

               ROMAN CATHOLIC
 200      400. Roman Catholic

 300           JEWISH
          500. Jewish, no preference
          501. Orthodox
          502. Conservative
          503. Reformed
          524. Jewish, other

               EASTERN ORTHODOX (GREEK RITE CATHOLIC)
 700      700. Greek Rite Catholic
 710      701. Greek Orthodox
 711      702. Russian Orthodox
 712      703. Rumanian Orthodox
 713      704. Serbian Orthodox
          705. Syrian Orthodox
          706. Armenian Orthodox
          707. Georgian Orthodox
          708. Ukranian Orthodox
 719      719. Eastern Orthodox (NFS)

               NON-CHRISTIAN/NON-JEWISH
 720      720. Muslim; Mohammedan; Islam
 721      721. Buddhist
 722      722. Hindu
 723      723. Bahai
          724. American Indian Religions (Native American Religions)
          725. New Age
          726. Wicca (Wiccan)
          727. Pagan

 729      729. Other non-Christian/non-Jewish
          750. Scientology [added 2000]
 790      790. Religious/ethical cults

               MIX OF MAJOR RELIGIONS

          795.  More than 1 major religion (e.g., Christian, Jewish,
                Moslem, etc.) [added 2000]

               OTHER/NO RELIGION/MISSING DATA
 800      800. Agnostics
 800      801. Atheists

 998      997. Other


Walter Mebane 2005-11-03