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By 1988 NES had become aware that the evolution of the American religious
scene had made the Religion Code in use at the time inadequate. Two main
criticisms were leveled against it: 1) there weren't separate codes for some
of the fastest growing denominations in the last twenty years; and 2) groups
with different characteristics along political dimensions were lumped under
the same heading. A group of scholars headed by David Leege from the
University of Notre Dame developed and then tested (in the 1989 NES Pilot)
an entirely new coding scheme which was adopted in 1990. Note that this new
set of codes has coding added for different affiliations within the major
mainline Protestant denominations, and the Pentecostal, Holiness,
fundamentalist and evangelical Protestant denominations have been reworked
almost entirely.
The listing below of 1990-later religion codes includes a rough
"translation table" for comparison with the 1960-1988 master codes and is
designed to help analysts doing comparisons across years. However, the very
nature of those problems which the new code was designed to address makes any
translation between the two coding schemes extremely dubious (for a complete
discussion of the development of the 1990 Code please see: Leege, D., Wald,
K. & Kellstedt L., 'Religion and Politics: A report on Measures of
Religiosity in the 1989 NES Pilot Study'). In the second column is the
1990-later code; in the first column is the 1960-1988 code which would have
been assigned to the same given response; blanks in the first column mean
that there is no specific category associated with this response in the
1960-1988 codes. Note that in some cases without indication of 1960-1988
equivalent (blank), it is nonetheless clear from context what 1960-1988
code number probably would have been assigned to a particular response [for
example, "Norwegian Lutheran"--115 in 1990-1992-- would certainly have been
coded 111 "Lutheran not further specified" in 1960-1988], but in other
instances it is not apparent how responses coded in 1990 and later would have
been coded in 1960-1988 coding scheme.
NOTE: The following additions and changes to the full set of religious
denomination codes (years 1990 and later) have been made:
Year Codes Change made
---- ----------------------- -----------
1990 151 (Congreg. Christian) new number (155)
1994 111,186,234,262,276 added
1996 240 added
1998 263,264,524,725,726,727 added
1990- NFS = 'not further specified'
1988: later:
GENERAL PROTESTANT
100 010. Protestant, no denomination given
101 020. Non-denominational Protestant
102 030. Community church
040 040. Inter-denominational Protestant
099. Christian (NFS); "just Christian"
ADVENTIST
139 100. 7th Day Adventist
102. Fundamentalist Adventists (Worldwide CHurch of God) [1990 only]
109. Adventist (NFS)
ANGLICAN
116 110. Episcopalian; Anglican
111. Independent Anglican, Episcopalian
BAPTIST
120. American Baptist Association
121. American Baptist Churches U.S.A. (inaccurately known as
"Northern Baptist")
122. Baptist Bible Fellowship
123. Baptist General Conference
124. Baptist Missionary Association of America
125. Conservative Baptist Association of America
126. General Association of Regular Baptist Churches (G.A.R.B.)
138 127. National Association of Free Will Baptists (United Free Will
Baptist Church)
138 128. Primitive Baptists
129. National Baptist Convention in the U.S.A.*
130. National Baptist Convention of America*
131. National Primitive Baptist Convention of the U.S.A.*
132. Progressive National Baptist Convention*
133. United Free-Will Baptist Church [1990 only]
134. Reformed Baptist (Calvinist)
140 135. Southern Baptist Convention
147. Fundamental Baptist (no denom. ties)
148. Local (independent) Baptist churches with no denominational
ties or links to a national fellowship
123 149. Baptist (NFS)
CONGREGATIONAL
112, 150. United Church of Christ (includes Congregational, Evangelical
113, and Reformed)
115
155. Congregational Christian
EUROPEAN FREE CHURCH (ANABAPTISTS)
160. Church of the Brethren
127 161. Brethren (NFS)
126 162. Mennonite Church
163. Moravian Church
126 164. Old Order Amish
155 165. Quakers (Friends)
166. Evangelical Covenant Church (not Anabaptist in tradition)
167. Evangelical Free Church (not Anabaptist in tradition)
168. Brethren in Christ
170. Mennonite Brethren
HOLINESS
180. Christian and Missionary Alliance (CMA)
131 181. Church of God (Anderson, IN)
132 182. Church of the Nazarene
132 183. Free Methodist Church
137 184. Salvation Army
185. Wesleyan Church
186. Church of God of Findlay, OH
199. Holiness (NFS); Church of God (NFS); R not or NA whether R
Pentecostal or Charismatic
INDEPENDENT-FUNDAMENTALIST
134 200. Plymouth Brethren
201. Independent Fundamentalist Churches of America
149 219. Independent-Fundamentalist (NFS)
LUTHERAN
220. Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (formerly Lutheran
Church in America and The American Lutheran Church); ELCA
141 221. Lutheran Church--Missouri Synod; LC-MS
222. Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod; WELS
223. Other Conservative Lutheran
111 229. Lutheran (NFS)
METHODIST
122 230. United Methodist Church; Evangelical United Brethren
121 231. African Methodist Episcopal Church
232. African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church
233. Christian Methodist Episcopal Church
234. Primitive Methodist
240. Congregational Methodist (Fundamentalist)
120 249. Methodist (NFS)
PENTECOSTAL
135 250. Assemblies of God
131 251. Church of God (Cleveland, TN)
252. Church of God (Huntsville, AL)
253. International Church of the Four Square Gospel
254. Pentecostal Church of God
255. Pentecostal Holiness Church
256. United Pentecostal Church International
131 257. Church of God in Christ (incl. NA whether 258)
133 258. Church of God in Christ (International)
260. Church of God of the Apostolic Faith
261. Church of God in Prophecy
262. Vineyard Fellowship
263. Open Bible Standard Churches
264. Full Gospel
267. Apostolic Pentecostal
268. Spanish Pentecostal
135 269. Pentecostal (NFS); Church of God (NFS); R not or NA whether R
Pentecostal or Charismatic
PRESBYTERIAN
270. Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A.
271. Cumberland Presbyterian Church
272. Presbyterian Church in American (PCA)
275. Evangelical Presbyterian
276. Reformed Presbyterian (NFS)
110 279. Presbyterian (NFS)
REFORMED
114 280. Christian Reformed Church (inaccurately known as "Dutch
Reformed")
281. Reformed Church in America
282. Free Hungarian Reformed Church
289. Reformed (NFS)
RESTORATIONIST
124,125 290. Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)
291. Christian Churches and Churches of Christ
136 292. Churches of Christ; "Church of Christ" (NFS)
293. Christian Congregation
NON-TRADITIONAL PROTESTANTS
150 300. Christian Scientists
152 301. Mormons; Latter Day Saints
151 302. Spiritualists
153 303. Unitarian; Universalist
154 304. Jehovah's Witnesses
156 305. Unity; Unity Church; Christ Church Unity
306. Fundamentalist Adventist (Worldwide Church of God)
309. Non-traditional Protestant (NFS)
ROMAN CATHOLIC
200 400. Roman Catholic
300 JEWISH
500. Jewish, no preference
501. Orthodox
502. Conservative
503. Reformed
524. Jewish, other
EASTERN ORTHODOX (GREEK RITE CATHOLIC)
700 700. Greek Rite Catholic
710 701. Greek Orthodox
711 702. Russian Orthodox
712 703. Rumanian Orthodox
713 704. Serbian Orthodox
705. Syrian Orthodox
706. Armenian Orthodox
707. Georgian Orthodox
708. Ukranian Orthodox
719 719. Eastern Orthodox (NFS)
NON-CHRISTIAN/NON-JEWISH
720 720. Muslim; Mohammedan; Islam
721 721. Buddhist
722 722. Hindu
723 723. Bahai
724. American Indian Religions (Native American Religions)
725. New Age
726. Wicca (Wiccan)
727. Pagan
729 729. Other non-Christian/non-Jewish
750. Scientology [added 2000]
790 790. Religious/ethical cults
MIX OF MAJOR RELIGIONS
795. More than 1 major religion (e.g., Christian, Jewish,
Moslem, etc.) [added 2000]
OTHER/NO RELIGION/MISSING DATA
800 800. Agnostics
800 801. Atheists
998 997. Other
Walter Mebane
2005-11-03