FTO

General Information

Full gene name:fat mass and obesity associated Entrez Gene ID:79068 Location:16q12.2 Synonyms: Type:protein-coding

User SNPs

SNPs given by the user that are near or inside this gene:

SNP	Distance (bp)	Direction
rs9939609	0	within

NCBI Summary

This gene is a nuclear protein of the AlkB related non-haem iron and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenase superfamily but the exact physiological function of this gene is not known. Other non-heme iron enzymes function to reverse alkylated DNA and RNA damage by oxidative demethylation. Studies in mice and humans indicate a role in nervous and cardiovascular systems and a strong association with body mass index, obesity risk, and type 2 diabetes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011]

OMIM

OMIM ID:`OMIM ID 610966 `_

Allelic Variants (Selected Examples)

.0001 GROWTH RETARDATION, DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY, COARSE FACIES, AND EARLY DEATH

In affected members of a consanguineous Palestinian family with growth retardation, developmental delay, coarse facies, and early death (612938), Boissel et al. (2009) identified a homozygous 947G-A transition in the FTO gene, resulting in an arg316-to-gln (R316Q) substitution in a residue that is conserved across all known paralogs. The affected residue is involved in 2-oxoglutarate coordination by forming stabilizing salt bridges with the carboxylates of this cosubstrate. The mutation was not found in 730 control chromosomes. In vitro functional expression studies showed that the mutant protein had no residual normal activity. Cultured skin fibroblasts from 1 patient showed altered morphology with increased number of vacuoles and cellular debris and decreased life span, suggesting premature senescence.

NCBI Phenotypes

• Genome-wide screen for metabolic syndrome susceptibility Loci reveals strong lipid gene contribution but no evidence for common genetic basis for clustering of metabolic syndrome traits.
• Replication of genome-wide association signals in UK samples reveals risk loci for type 2 diabetes.
• Genome-wide association scan shows genetic variants in the FTO gene are associated with obesity-related traits.
• Genome-wide association analysis of body mass in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
• Common variants at CDKAL1 and KLF9 are associated with body mass index in east Asian populations.
• Twelve type 2 diabetes susceptibility loci identified through large-scale association analysis.
• Two new Loci for body-weight regulation identified in a joint analysis of genome-wide association studies for early-onset extreme obesity in French and german study groups.
• Replication of 13 obesity loci among Singaporean Chinese, Malay and Asian-Indian populations.
• A common variant in the FTO gene is associated with body mass index and predisposes to childhood and adult obesity.
• Genome-wide association study of circulating estradiol, testosterone, and sex hormone-binding globulin in postmenopausal women.
• Genome wide association (GWA) study for early onset extreme obesity supports the role of fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO) variants.
• A large-scale genome-wide association study of Asian populations uncovers genetic factors influencing eight quantitative traits.
• A genome-wide association study on obesity and obesity-related traits.
• Stratifying Type 2 Diabetes Cases by BMI Identifies Genetic Risk Variants in LAMA1 and Enrichment for Risk Variants in Lean Compared to Obese Cases.
• OMIM
• Adiposity-related heterogeneity in patterns of type 2 diabetes susceptibility observed in genome-wide association data.
• Common variants near MC4R are associated with fat mass, weight and risk of obesity.
• Common body mass index-associated variants confer risk of extreme obesity.
• Association analyses of 249,796 individuals reveal 18 new loci associated with body mass index.
• Genome-wide association yields new sequence variants at seven loci that associate with measures of obesity.
• Meta-analysis of genome-wide association data and large-scale replication identifies additional susceptibility loci for type 2 diabetes.
• GTR
• Growth retardation, developmental delay, coarse facies, and early death
• NRXN3 is a novel locus for waist circumference: a genome-wide association study from the CHARGE Consortium.
• Genetic variation near IRS1 associates with reduced adiposity and an impaired metabolic profile.
• Genome-wide association study for early-onset and morbid adult obesity identifies three new risk loci in European populations.
• Gene Reviews
• Six new loci associated with body mass index highlight a neuronal influence on body weight regulation.
• Thirty new loci for age at menarche identified by a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies.
• NHGRI GWA Catalog
• Genome-wide association study of 14,000 cases of seven common diseases and 3,000 shared controls.
• A genome-wide association study of type 2 diabetes in Finns detects multiple susceptibility variants.

Gene Ontology

• oxidoreductase activity, acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen, incorporation of two atoms of oxygen
• DNA demethylation
• RNA repair
• regulation of multicellular organism growth
• oxidative RNA demethylase activity
• DNA dealkylation involved in DNA repair
• DNA-N1-methyladenine dioxygenase activity
• regulation of lipid storage
• regulation of respiratory system process
• regulation of white fat cell proliferation
• oxidative DNA demethylase activity
• adipose tissue development
• temperature homeostasis
• ferrous iron binding
• nucleus
• oxidative single-stranded RNA demethylation
• oxidative single-stranded DNA demethylation
• oxidative demethylation

KEGG Pathways

No pathways found linked to this gene.

GeneRIFs

• The total effect of the FTO variant on adult BMI was mostly composed of the direct effect, but a notable part was also arising indirectly via its effects on earlier BMI development. [PMID 20702506]
• genetic risk factors are associated with anthropometric traits in Filipinos and provide further insight into the effects of BDNF, FTO, and MC4R on BMI [PMID 20966902]
• common variability in FTO is associated with increased obesity risk or resistance and may in part account for differences between closely related individuals [PMID 18218107]
• effects of FTO gene variants and lifestyle factors on being overweight in Korean children and adult [PMID 20650268]
• A allele of the fat mass and obesity associated gene might be a risk factor of overweight or obesity in Hazakh children in Xinjiang [PMID 21154332]
• Clinical trial of gene-disease association and gene-environment interaction. (HuGE Navigator) [PMID 20379614]
• In addition to FTO and MC4R, we detected significant association of obesity with three new risk loci in NPC1 (endosomal/lysosomal Niemann-Pick C1 gene), near MAF (encoding the transcription factor c-MAF) and near PTER (phosphotriesterase-related gene). [PMID 19151714]
• The rs9939609 variant in the FTO gene is associated with PCOS susceptibility in the Chinese population, probably because of its effect on BMI. [PMID 19859840]
• Both loss of control eating and more frequent selection of energy-dense, palatable foods may be mechanisms through which variant FTO alleles lead to excess body weight. [PMID 19828706]
• revuew of genomic analyses of FTO in adipocytes and obesity-related genetic variation [PMID 18281390]
• Our data indicate that common genetic variants in two genes previously related to obesity (FTO) and diabetes (HHEX) by genome-wide association scans were not associated with endometrial cancer risk. [PMID 20647405]
• Amino acid conservation of FTO protein suggests that it is a member of the non-heme dioxygenase superfamily. [PMID 17996046]
• Data show that the association between FTO SNP rs9939609 and obesity risk may decline at older age. The variant affects circulating adiponectin and leptin levels through the changes in BMI. [PMID 18647953]
• Carriers of the FTO risk allele have an increased risk of CVD mediated by BMI. There appears to be an interaction with physical activity, such that this risk increase is only in less-active women. [PMID 21146673]
• role of FTO in obesity and how it affects body mass index [PMID 21349207]
• FTO fat mass and obesity-associated protein gene polymorphism rs9939609 was associated with obesity and the association was evident in subjects with low-physical activity (PA) suggesting a PA-dependent association [PMID 20051647]
• FTO rs9939609 was associated with obesity measures, especially in those with the metabolic syndrome X, which was further exacerbated by high dietary saturated fat intake. [PMID 22457394]
• FTO expression does bit have a well-defined impact on clinical or biochemical parameters comprising the metabolic syndrome [PMID 20948226]
• The effect of FTO on body composition appears to be less profound in later life compared to younger ages. [PMID 21637715]
• All eight SNPs in FTO were individually associated with weight, BMI, waist .circumference and hip circumference [PMID 21150882]
• crystal structure of FTO in complex with the mononucleotide 3-meT [PMID 20376003]
• the A-allele (rs9939609 FTO) is associated with higher body weight gain [PMID 20090391]
• Discuss Fto/Ftm gene expression regulation via CUTL1. [PMID 18256137]
• Observational study of genotype prevalence. (HuGE Navigator) [PMID 17928949]
• Our study of the FTO polymorphisms has generated no evidence to support the thrifty genotype hypothesis for Oceanic populations [PMID 17928949]
• The obesity-linked FTO variants do not play a significant role in modulating the colorectal cancer risk in the Italian population. [PMID 22153534]
• These findings could link the FTO gene with serum leptin and consequently with the control of energy balance. Leptin could be a possible intermediary contributing to the association between the FTO rs9939609 polymorphism and adiposity. [PMID 20975729]
• FTO is a major risk factor for obesity (particularly class III) in the Mexican-Mestizo population, and is upregulated in subcutaneous fat tissue of obese individuals. [PMID 18719664]
• SNP rs1421085 has a MAF of 0.41 and rs9939609 of 0.40 in our control population and the calculated ORs are 1.31 and 1.28, respectively [PMID 18055244]
• Variation in the FTO gene may contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases in men with an abnormal glucose metabolism. [PMID 20400278]
• Our findings suggest that the effect of the FTO obesity risk allele may be mediated through epigenetic changes. [PMID 22234326]
• Exploratory analyses among women exposed to moderate intensity exercise meeting, or exceeding, the physical activity recommendation found that those homozygous A/A lost significantly more weight than the C allele carriers... [PMID 19798072]
• Study show that polymorphisms in FTO were associated with type 2 diabetes risk in the studied population. [PMID 18694974]
• Common variation in the FTO gene is associated with overall and abdominal adiposity. [PMID 20007308]
• effect of FTO SNP rs17817449 may be, in some populations at least, restricted to males and postmenopausal females [PMID 19278366]
• The role of the A allele of the FTO rs9939609 polymorphism on the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus was confirmed in the French MONICA Study. [PMID 19375760]
• Our results showed that PA attenuates the effect of the FTO rs1121980 genotype on BMI and WC. [PMID 19553294]
• strong association between rs9939609 SNP of FTO gene and morbid obesity, with increased protein expression in adipose tissue [PMID 18855084]
• In conclusion, our study further demonstrates a role of the genetic variability in FTO on body mass index in a large Italian population. [PMID 22454631]
• Data support potential implication of FTO in oxidative metabolism, lipogenesis and oxidative stress in muscle, suggesting that it could be involved in the muscle defects that characterize type 2 diabetes. [PMID 20943749]
• genetic association studies in adults in the United States: An FTO SNP (rs9939609) is associated with adiposity (except in African American women); physical activity may reduce the influence of this FTO SNP in the development of obesity in men. [PMID 21593801]
• Variants of the FTO gene are associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes in white Europeans and with South Asian Indians. [PMID 19005641]
• children with the combination of the INSIG2 CC genotype and the FTO AA genotype showed the worst outcome in a lifestyle intervention, suggesting that the effects of INSIG2 and FTO aggravate each other. [PMID 19224890]
• During lifestyle intervention, there was also no influence of the FTO polymorphism on changes in body weight or fat distribution. [PMID 18535549]
• Lifestyle factors modified the genetic risk of FTO on obesity phenotypes, particularly among women who were both inactive and had high intake [PMID 21266646]
• The FTO AA genotype, independently from its effect on body mass index, is associated with measures of ethanol consumption and possibly tobacco smoking. [PMID 21182554]
• Fine mapping of the association with obesity at the FTO locus in African derived populations. [PMID 20430937]
• Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator) [PMID 20976066]
• The AA-genotype of FTO rs9939609 had higher resting energy expenditure in the age-adjusted model, but the association was eliminated when adjusting for fat mass and lean body mass. [PMID 18445669]
• FTO gene shows significant differences in allele frequency and linkage disequilibrium patterns in populations of African ancestry compared with other continental populations. [PMID 20299471]
• The rs9939609 variant in FTO was associated with levels of BMI, weight and waist circumference in African- and European-American youth. [PMID 21544599]
• FTO genotype is associated with metabolic traits to an extent entirely consistent with its effect on body mass index. [PMID 18346983]
• variants within the FTO gene influence hyperandrogenemia and anthropometric parameters in women with PCOS. [PMID 19913856]
• In two moderately sized Greek samples, breastfeeding may exert a modifying effect on the relationship between variants at the FTO locus and indices of adiposity. [PMID 20863147]
• The rs9939609 polymorphism in the FTO gene is related to abnormal glucose levels and higher lipid accumulation product, a surrogate marker of diabetes and cardiovascular risk in postmenopause. [PMID 21868005]
• Association with obesity in adult and childre. Interestingly, this association receives clear confirmation under a Transmission Disequilibrium Test design which is robust to population stratification. [PMID 17496892]
• the effect of the FTO rs17817449 variant on BMI in Caucasian adults is not mediated by energy intake or physical activity, but some effect on BMR per kg of body weight is possible. [PMID 20945952]
• Body mass index change in females after short-time life style intervention is not dependent on the FTO polymorphisms [PMID 20945953]
• Observational study of gene-disease association and gene-environment interaction. (HuGE Navigator) [PMID 20945953]
• association of FTO rs9939609 and MC4R rs17782313 with endometrial cancer risk [PMID 21347432]
• Here we found that the well established obesity risk allele for a common variant in FTO does not associate with increased BMI levels in a Swedish population of adult men which reached adulthood before the appearance of today’s obesogenic enviroment [PMID 20003232]
• FTO is a common obesity susceptibility gene in Filipinos, with an effect size similar to that seen in samples of European origin. [PMID 18426866]
• Significant statistical interaction between race and the FTO variants suggests that the effect on diabetes susceptibility may be context dependent. [PMID 20502638]
• the rs9939609 A-allele is a risk factor for early onset obesity whereas its impact on weight loss or on serum levels of glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol could not be detected in our samples [PMID 18799002]
• FTO and FTM expression were declined during adipogenic differentiation. [PMID 20865646]
• Observational study, meta-analysis, and genome-wide association study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator) [PMID 19079261]
• One single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs1121980, and a haplotype of three SNPs in FTO that contains this SNP, might be important in the progression of insulin resistance in Japanese subjects. [PMID 20075932]
• The assessment of FTO gene polymorphism can allow us to separate patients with the tendency for higher weight. [PMID 20813088]
• The predominant effect of FTO variants on polycystic ovary syndrome susceptibility is probably mediated through adiposity [PMID 18478198]
• Analysis identified SNPs at three loci known to be associated with BMI with genome-wide confidence (P<5x10(-8); FTO, MC4R and FAIM2). [PMID 21935397]
• analyzed the association between the FTO gene variant rs17817449 (G>C) and obesity in a Slavic Eastern European population. Results confirm that in a Slavic population the FTO variant is strongly associated with BMI but not with other risk factors. [PMID 18833210]
• Meta-analysis and HuGE review of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator) [PMID 19602701]
• FTO genotype probably affects obesity via effects on food intake rather than energy expenditure. [PMID 18551109]
• Gene-treatment interactions were observed for long-term (NEGR1 rs2815752, Pmetformin*SNP = 0.028; FTO rs9939609, Plifestyle*SNP = 0.044) weight loss. [PMID 22179955]
• Loss of one functional copy of FTO in humans is compatible with being either lean or obese. [PMID 19833892]
• Association of FTO single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) to fatness throughout the range of fatness was confirmed, explaininng the relation between the SNP and body fat distribution and decreased insulin sensitivity. [PMID 18698412]
• FTO polymorphisms are associated with adult body mass index and colorectal adenomas. [PMID 21317302]
• The minor variant at FTO rs9939609 seems to play no major role in the increased weight-for-height of premature adrenarche subjects. [PMID 19497595]
• Results provide important information about longitudinal gene effects and about the role of FTO in adiposity. [PMID 21379325]
• Hepatic insulin resistance may represent the key metabolic defect responsible for mild elevations of fasting blood glucose associated with the FTO phenotype. [PMID 18984658]
• Results confirmed the association between body weight and the FTO rs9939609 polymorphism. [PMID 19918250]
• FTO rs9939609 SNP was associated with an increased risk for metabolic syndrome in a multi-ethnic sample. [PMID 18339204]
• Data show that the combined effects of common polymorphisms in FTO and MC4R are additive, predictive of obesity and T2D, and may be influenced by interactions with physical activity levels and gender, respectively. [PMID 19255736]
• The associations of the A allele with T2D and combined T2D and impaired glucose regulation remained significant with adjustment for age, sex and body mass index [PMID 20186840]
• Homozygosity for the rs9939609T allele of the FTO gene may have protective effect on becoming overweight in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia [PMID 21869491]
• The present findings highlight physical activity as an important factor modifying the effect of FTO genotype. [PMID 20717169]
• Neither our parental comparisons nor the use of FTO genotype as an instrumental variable, suggest that greater maternal BMI during offspring development has a marked effect on offspring fat mass at age 9-11 y. [PMID 18336062]
• Findings suggest that the fat mass and obesity associated gene, FTO, might be a new candidate for bone mineral density (BMD} variation and osteoporosis in Chinese populations. [PMID 22125610]
• data support a statistically significant association of the rs9939609 polymorphism with obesity for the Uyghur population [PMID 19169064]
• Variants in the FTO gene are common in obese children but have no impact on body composition and metabolism before and after lifestyle intervention. [PMID 22187296]
• FTO was associated with CMD in men, independent of adiposity. In women, no link between rTO and adiposity. [PMID 21248310]
• Effect of the FTO genotype on body mass index evident only after age of seven. [PMID 19158205]
• common genetic variants in the FTO gene are associated with substantial changes in BMI, hip circumference, and body weight [PMID 17658951]
• common variants in FTO and INSIG2 are nominally associated with quantitative measures of obesity [PMID 18839134]
• Clinical trial of gene-disease association, gene-environment interaction, and pharmacogenomic / toxicogenomic. (HuGE Navigator) [PMID 18839134]
• Two SNPs in the FTO gene (rs1421085 and rs17817449) were genotyped using the TaqMan method in a Korean population (n = 1,733). The two SNPs were then used for an association study with BMI through statistical analyses. [PMID 18551112]
• FTO-meediaated weight gain does not predispose individuals to type 1 diabetes as it does for type 2 diabetes. [PMID 17657473]
• Heritability of FTO expression in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle is low and not influenced by obesity-associated FTO genotype. [PMID 19587359]
• The odds ratio for stroke/TIA was 1.14 (95%CI 0.91-1.42) for rs9937053/FTO. [PMID 21921652]
• The strong effect on body weight of the FTO SNP in polycystic ovary syndrome might have implications for the etiology of the disease. [PMID 20092643]
• Among South Indians, the rs9940128 A/G, rs11076023 A/T, and rs1588413 C/T variants of the FTO gene were associated with T2DM, whereas the rs8050136 C/A variant was associated with obesity. [PMID 21175269]
• FTO gene may play a critical role in leading to metabolic syndrome. [PMID 22189543]
• a more common risk-conferring variant of FTO for metabolic syndrome (MetS) was identified in Han Chinese; study substantiated that genetic variations in FTO locus are involved in the pathogenesis of MetS [PMID 20819567]
• The researchers found additional evidence that the FTO A allele and the Bc1I G/G genotype are associated with a reduced level of hunger after a standardized meal. [PMID 20409671]
• genetic association studies in a population of infants/children in Ohio: Data from a longitudinal study indicate no association of SNPs in FTO with growth status or growth velocity. [PMID 21720422]
• Genetic variation at the FTO locus contributes to the etiology of obesity, insulin resistance, and increased plasma leptin levels. [PMID 18316358]
• Our results demonstrate that rs9939609 FTO gene polymorphism is related to the body mass index in children. [PMID 22516774]
• This study suggests that FTO may have an important role for gender specific development of severe obesity and insulin resistance in children. [PMID 18249188]
• Variation in FTO is associated with type 2 diabetes when not adjusted for body mass index and with an overall increase in body fat mass. [PMID 17942823]
• Variant rs9939609 in the FTO gene is associated with body mass index among Chinese children. [PMID 20858286]
• The FTO rs9939609 T>A polymorphism contributes to variation in plasma CRP levels independently of obesity indices. [PMID 18948966]
• Our data confirm the association between FTO and adiposity suggesting FTO is a childhood obesity susceptibility gene...and identify a novel SNP of the FTO gene that is associated with measures of adiposity in the African-American population. [PMID 20379142]
• Our results suggest that FTO gene variation does not influence measures of body mass in Gambians living a traditional lifestyle, or has a smaller effect than that detected in Europeans [PMID 19265514]
• Our data suggest that genetic variations in the FTO, SCG3 and MTMR9 genes independently influence the risk of metabolic syndrome. [PMID 21796137]
• FTO genotype is an independent risk factor for future development of obesity. [PMID 19668254]
• persons carrying minor variants at rs9939609 were consuming more fat and total energy than were those not carrying such variants. They also suggest that this difference was not simply dependent on having higher average BMIs among the former group. [PMID 18842783]
• Recent genetic analyses have revealed that variations in the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene are robustly associated with obesity and increased food intake. [PMID 22248259]
• The kinetics of 2.88 millimols is up to 10-fold lower than the estimated intracellular concentrations of 2-oxoglutarate (OG) substrate, rendering it unlikely that FTO can function as a sensor for 2-OG levels. [PMID 22435707]
• Our findings suggest that those adolescents born with lower ponderal index could be more vulnerable to the influence of the A risk allele of the FTO polymorphism on total adiposity content. [PMID 21917193]
• Data do not support that the FTO common variants are major contributors of obesity or type 2 diabetes in a Chinese Han population. [PMID 17959933]
• Observational study and genome-wide association study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator) [PMID 21037115]
• This study also established that SNP in intron 1 of FTO (rs17817449) are strongly associated with several measures of adiposity and are also associated with plasma insulin, insulin resistance, percentage body fat and fat mass. [PMID 21919686]
• These data confirm the influential role of the FTO gene in obesity in the French female population and, in addition, revealed the role of FTO in insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. [PMID 19818665]
• The association of the FTO risk allele with the odds of obesity is attenuated by 27% in physically active adults, highlighting the importance of physical activity in particular in those genetically predisposed to obesity.[Meta-analysis] [PMID 22069379]
• Saturated fatty acid intake modulates the association between FTO and BMI in American populations. [PMID 22049296]
• Expression of adipose tissue FTO mRNA is fat depot-specific and negatively correlates with measures of obesity. [PMID 18251005]
• Multiple regression analysis revealed that gender, age, and rs1558902 and rs1421085 genotypes (additive model) in FTO were significantly associated with body mass index (BMI; P=0.0039 and 0.0039, respectively [PMID 20703240]
• findings suggest that this novel variant in FTO is affecting metabolic phenotypes such as insulin resistance, which are not mediated through differences in BMI levels. [PMID 18794893]
• Our results strongly suggest that the increased risk of obesity owing to genetic susceptibility by FTO variants can be blunted through physical activity [PMID 18779467]
• Genetic variation in the FTO gene is strongly associated with obesity and BMI in the Chinese population. [PMID 18487448]
• There is an association of FTO gene variants with obesity, including parameters of visceral (abdominal) obesity, in the adult general population from Spain. [PMID 18616701]
• Data confirm the role of FTO in obesity predisposition among Chinese, Malays and Indians, the three major Asian ethnic groups. [PMID 21544081]
• The commonest known risk allele for obesity is likely to exert at least some of its effects by influencing appetite. [PMID 18583465]
• Common genetic variants in the intron 1 of FTO gene may confer a modest susceptibility to obesity in an ethnicity-specific manner, but may be unlikely to contribute to a clinically significant diabetes risk. [PMID 18787525]
• Variation in FTO gene is associated with variation in weight, adiposity, and other measures of obesity and insulin sensitivity in Polish women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). [PMID 19625203]
• This study provides the first report of allele and genotype frequencies for the rs9939609 polymorphism and also the first evidence of the association of the FTO variant with obesity in the Roma/Gypsy population. [PMID 21989907]
• Role for FTO single nucleotide polymorphism in responsiveness to hunger and satiety cues in adults in an experimental setting. [PMID 19793853]
• The FTO A allele (rs9939609) is associated with higher BMI, fat mass index, and leptin concentrations from the age of 12 yr, whereas the associations show a dip at ages 13-14 yr and become stronger at age 17 yr. [PMID 21411553]
• The FTO gene is associated with the early onset of overweight in the Japanese population as well as in European populations. Three genotyped SNPs were in tight linkage disequilibrium. [PMID 21443588]
• The results of this study suggested an association between the obesity-related FTO A allele and verbal fluency impairment, apparently present in overweight/obese subjects. [PMID 21458110]
• It identifies FTO gene associations with adiposity, insulin resistance, and increased blood pressure and sympathetic vasomotor tone. [PMID 20031594]
• Increased BMI in morbid obesity is associated with a combination of FTO and INSIG2 SNPs. [PMID 18347269]
• Results provide conclusive data that the (-1) frame of U79260(FTO) encodes an HLA-A0201-restricted cytotoxic T cell epitope (FSP11; TLSPGWSAV). [PMID 20339516]
• 15 SNPs, including rs9939609 and rs1121980, in a linkage disequilibrium (LD) block of approximately 50 kb demonstrated significant associations with obesity [PMID 18379722]
• found no evidence that FTO gene variants associated with weight regulation in the general population are associated with eating disorder phenotypes in anorexia nervosa participants or matched controls [PMID 21438147]
• The A/A genotype of rs9939609 in the FTO gene is associated with higher longitudinal BMI profiles in non-Hispanic whites from two different cohorts. [PMID 21986706]
• Meta-analysis and genome-wide association study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator) [PMID 20421936]
• Subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were taken for fat cell metabolism studies and FTO genotype analysis [PMID 18048838]
• In conclusion, common variants of FTO were associated with obesity, but not with type 2 diabetes in North Indian population. [PMID 21814223]
• We conclude that the description of this polymorphic combination in the FTO gene could be useful for the early identification of inherited susceptibility to weight-gain [PMID 22030988]
• Further research is needed with larger samples to explore the exact role of FTO in obesity. [PMID 21598006]
• Observational study of gene-disease association, gene-gene interaction, and gene-environment interaction. (HuGE Navigator) [PMID 20889853]
• In the same large twin sample, the association between a common variant in the FTO gene and BMI increased in parallel with the rise in heritability... [PMID 18846049]
• Fat mass and obesity associated gene, FTO, is associated with reduced brain volume in cognitively healthy subjects. [PMID 21098976]
• A genome-wide association study in the Sorbian population was performed and the relationships between FTO variants and body mass index and fat mass in this isolate of Slavonic origin resident in Germany, was evaluated. [PMID 19584900]
• Variation in the FTO gene locus is associated with cerebrocortical insulin resistance in humans. [PMID 17917711]
• Genetic variants in FTO and MC4R showed similar biphasic changes in their associations with body size. [PMID 19880856]
• confirmed the association of common variants of FTO gene with "body fatness" measures in an isolated island population [PMID 20442772]
• FTO expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue negatively correlates with obesity and insulin resistance and positive association with the expression of adiponectin, an anti-inflammatory adipokine, and with PPAR-delta [PMID 21220935]
• three independent groups conducting GWAS (Frayling et al. 2007) (Dina et al. 2007) (Scuteri et al. 2007) found a very robust association between obesity and the FTO gene. [PMID 19679263]
• Our data suggest that SNPs in or near the FTO locus contribute to obesity risk in the Greek population. [PMID 21720444]
• FTO can catalyze the demethylation of 3-meU in ssRNA with a slightly higher efficiency over that of 3-meT in ssDNA, suggesting that methylated RNAs are the preferred substrates for FTO. [PMID 18775698]
• Findings suggest that the FTO rs9939609 minor allele may be associated with dietary intake in adults and is positively associated with regional fat deposition. [PMID 22189607]
• FTO risk allele carriers versus noncarriers had an average brain volume difference of approximately 8% in the frontal lobes and 12% in the occipital lobes-these regions also showed significant volume deficits in subjects with higher body mass index. [PMID 20404173]
• FTO SNPs in intron 1 are significantly associated with breast cancer risk. [PMID 21489227]
• genetic association studies in a population of children and adolescents in Spain: An SNP in FTO (rs9939609) is associated with increased risk of obesity and overweight in children and adolescents with high saturated fatty acid intake. [PMID 21798115]
• the combined effect of common variants in two of the most robustly obesity-associated loci, that is FTO and MC4R, explains not more than 2% of the variance in body weight at the population level. [PMID 21094029]
• The FTO rs9939609 variant is strongly associated with body mass index and the risk of obesity in a population of children and adolescents in Beijing, China. [PMID 20598163]
• Fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene polymorphisms appear to have the most important effects on obesity susceptibility. [PMID 21207518]
• variants in the FTO gene confer a similar magnitude of risk of obesity to children as to their adult counterparts and appear to have a global impact [PMID 18335027]
• Lack of association of FTO SNPs with insulin sensitivity is consistent with the lack of association with visceral adipose tissue. [PMID 19322589]
• Our findings indicate that the two variants (rs9939609 and rs8050136) in the FTO gene contribute to obesity and NIDDM in the Asian populations. [PMID 20057365]
• The genetic variants in the ESR, FTO, and UCP2 genes may be considered as a screening tool prior to bariatric surgery to help clinicians predict weight loss or glycemic control outcomes for severely obese patients. [PMID 21720911]
• FTO obesity-susceptibility genotype influences the body fat responses to regular exercise. Resistance to exercise-induced reduction in total adiposity may represent one mechanism by which the FTO A allele promotes overweight and obesity. [PMID 19543202]
• Increased body weight in carriers of the risk allele of FTO single nucleotide polymorphism is a consequence of increased food intake, but not of impaired energy expenditure. [PMID 19053021]
• variants at FTO influence RBL2 gene expression at large genetic distances [PMID 20009087]
• While not associated with polycystic ovary syndrome itself, five SNPs in FTO and two in MC4R were associated with body mass index [PMID 21283731]
• BMI increases associated with FTO genotypes begin in youth and are maintained throughout adulthood [PMID 18239580]
• the association between BMI and FTO genotype evolves gradually and becomes descriptively detectable from the age of 3 years onwards [PMID 20616607]
• Fatness induced by FTO rs9939609 in early childhood is sustained until early adulthood, where further weight gain may occur. FTO rs9939609 may, however, also be associated with linear growth and LBM mainly through the effect on fat mass [PMID 18663371]
• The FTO variant rs9939609 is modestly associated with BMI and waist circumference, but not with energy intake or physical activity [PMID 20377915]
• Data show that SNPs in FTO impacts BMI in Pima Indians. [PMID 19008344]
• Observational study and meta-analysis of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator) [PMID 20490451]
• we have confirmed the strong association between FTO and obesity, and shown that only AA homozygotes are predisposed to develop obesity while TT homozygotes might be protected. [PMID 21913894]
• a role of the common rs9939609 SNP in FTO gene in the early stages of fat accretion in humans and disclose novel associations between this SNP and both serum visfatin and abdominal fat mass in neonates. [PMID 18252780]
• Study have identified that a variant in FTO alters type 2 diabetes risk partly independent of its observed effect on BMI. [PMID 21398525]
• No association between this FTO polymorphism and body composition at the age of 6 months. [PMID 20511725]
• Observational study of gene-disease association, gene-gene interaction, gene-environment interaction, and genetic testing. (HuGE Navigator) [PMID 20075150]
• data support that fat mass and obesity-associated protein(FTO)rs9939609 and melanocortin 4 receptor(MC4R)rs17782313 polymorphisms are strongly associated with obesity and body mass index and their combined effects were significant in Chinese population [PMID 21063808]
• Observational study of gene-disease association and gene-gene interaction. (HuGE Navigator) [PMID 21063808]
• Carriers of the mutant allele rs9939609 FTO gene were distinguished by higher absolute and relative values of fat mass and triglycerides in serum. [PMID 21842748]
• This meta-analysis found that FTO polymorphisms are associated with obesity but not with type 2 diabetes in East Asian populations. Further large-scale studies are required to conclusively establish the association. [PMID 20337217]
• Meta-analysis of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator) [PMID 20337217]
• It is unlikely that the common variant of the FTO gene affects the success of lifestyle modification on weight loss. [PMID 19180072]
• Children with two copies of the lower-risk FTO alleles eat less than those with one or two higher-risk alleles the T allele is protective against overe. [PMID 18838977]
• Observational study of gene-disease association, gene-gene interaction, gene-environment interaction, and pharmacogenomic / toxicogenomic. (HuGE Navigator) [PMID 20879858]
• No fatness-independent effects of the FTO rs9939609 A-allele on a series of inflammatory markers were observed in this cohort of healthy middle-aged men representing a broad range of fatness [PMID 21246032]
• Based on these findings, it could be surmised that FTO is not likely a major obesity locus in Polynesian populations. [PMID 22084931]
• FTO is a strong influential gene in polycystic ovary syndrome and correlated to various components of MetS including obesity, IFG, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. [PMID 18572014]
• FTO genotype associates with both fat mass and lean mass; may modify the association between physical activity and cardiovascular mortality [PMID 21179003]
• FTO knockdown with siRNA led to increased amounts of m(6)A in mRNA, whereas overexpression of FTO resulted in decreased amounts of m(6)A in human cells. [PMID 22002720]
• Observational study of gene-disease association, gene-environment interaction, and pharmacogenomic / toxicogenomic. (HuGE Navigator) [PMID 20821366]
• This meta-analysis suggests that FTO may represent a low-penetrance susceptible gene for obesity risk. [PMID 21651756]
• FTO was associated with obesity, but not with weight gain in adults during 11 years of follow-up. [PMID 20373279]
• FTO SNPs revealed a significant association with type 2 diabetes [PMID 18598350]
• report does not support the notion that physical activity modifies the effects of the FTO rs9939609 variant on obesity risk in non-diabetic Swedish or Finnish adults [PMID 19373445]
• The outcome of this study indicates that polymorphisms in the FTO gene and near the MC4R gene do not have a role in regulating food intake and preference for specific food items. [PMID 20181787]
• FTO rs9939609 may interact with the macronutrient composition in weight loss diets and A allele carriers on LowFat have a lower risk for drop out, and TT have a smaller decrease in REE and greater decrease in HOMA-beta and HOMA-IR on LF than on HighFat [PMID 19687793]
• These findings led to the conclusion that lower birth weight predisposes to higher adult BMI depending on FTO risk genotypes. [PMID 20811910]
• Data show that FTO single nucleotide polymorphisms are associated with obesity in the Chinese and Malay populations in Singapore. [PMID 18599522]
• Four genetic loci were strongly and independently associated with obesity, NPY2R, NPFFR2, MC4R, and FTO. [PMID 21818152]
• association of the rs9939609 SNP with obesity widely described in distinct populations was confirmed among overweight Spanish children. Genotyping rs1861868 allowed us to identify the first risk haplotype in the FTO gene [PMID 20418190]
• The C allele of the rs7204609 polymorphism in the FTO gene increased the chance for the presence of metabolic syndrome, especially central obesity, and microalbuminuria, independently of energy and nutrient intakes in type 2 diabetic patients. [PMID 21741858]
• Observational study and genome-wide association study of gene-disease association and gene-environment interaction. (HuGE Navigator) [PMID 17434869]
• A genome-wide search for type 2 diabetes-susceptibility genes identified a common variant in the FTO gene that predisposes to diabetes through an effect on body mass index [PMID 17434869]
• This study demonstrates that the SNP rs178 17449 in the FTO gene is associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure but not with BMI and obesity variables. [PMID 22606913]
• The increased fat mass in carriers of the A allele of rs9939609 of FTO is associated not only with increased risk of type 2 diabetes, but also with an increase in atherogenic lipid profile and myocardial infarction. [PMID 20031593]
• These findings show that FTO is essential for normal development of the central nervous and cardiovascular systems in human and establish that a mutation in a human member of the AlkB-related dioxygenase results in a severe polymalformation syndrome. [PMID 19559399]
• High-fat diets and low physical activity levels may accentuate the susceptibility to obesity by the FTO variant. [PMID 19726594]
• Newly detected genetic risk factor for body weight is the FTO gene ("fat mass and obesity associated [PMID 22486287]
• an evidence of an association between the FTO variant and risk of acute coronary syndrome in Caucasian males [PMID 20362563]
• transcriptional regulation of FTO and NAMPT in preadipocytes and adipocytes by metabolic regulators [PMID 21687707]
• The FTO variant that confers a predisposition to obesity does not appear to be involved in the regulation of energy expenditure but may have a role in the control of food intake and food choice. [PMID 19073975]
• Data suggest that the impact of FTO rs9939609 in Japanese women may not be great enough to change body weight or metabolic risk factors in response to calorie restriction. Environmental and behavioral factors may overcome the effects of genes. [PMID 22016090]
• The researchers found evidence that the FTO gene may be associated with the pathogenesis of nuclear cataracts. [PMID 19329528]
• In addition to supporting earlier findings that the rs9939609 variant in the FTO gene is associated with an increased BMI, results indicate that the associated genetic effect does not interact with environment or parity. [PMID 19030008]
• Affinity Capture-MS [PMID 21906983]
• Independent of fatness, the A-allele of the FTO SNP appears to increase mortality of a magnitude similar to smoking, but without a particular underlying disease pattern barring an increase in the risk of diseases of the nervous system. [PMID 19214238]
• Variants of TMEM18 and FTO are associated with obesity indices during puberty in Chinese children. [PMID 22083549]
• FTO risk variants are related to an increased body mass index and the FTO risk alleles were associated with lower IGF-I levels independently of obesity or IGFBP3. [PMID 20733585]
• Genome-wide association study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator) [PMID 18159244]

PubMed Articles

Recent articles:

• Prescott J et al. “Genome-wide association study of circulating estradiol, testosterone, and sex hormone-binding globulin in postmenopausal women.” PLoS One. 2012;7(6):e37815. PMID 22675492
• Ma M et al. “Kinetic analysis of FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated) reveals that it is unlikely to function as a sensor for 2-oxoglutarate.” Biochem J. 2012 Jun 1;444(2):183-7. PMID 22435707
• Bencová D et al. “Variant in the FTO gene and biomarkers related to health in mature Slovak women.” Anthropol Anz. 2012;69(2):189-200. PMID 22606913
• Perry JR et al. “Stratifying type 2 diabetes cases by BMI identifies genetic risk variants in LAMA1 and enrichment for risk variants in lean compared to obese cases.” PLoS Genet. 2012 May;8(5):e1002741. PMID 22693455
• Phillips CM et al. “High dietary saturated fat intake accentuates obesity risk associated with the fat mass and obesity-associated gene in adults.” J Nutr. 2012 May;142(5):824-31. PMID 22457394
• Tercjak-Rećko M et al. “[Polymorphism rs9939609 of FTO gene is related to the body mass index in children from Podlaskie voievodship].” Med Wieku Rozwoj. 2012 Jan-Mar;16(1):53-60. PMID 22516774
• Kristiansson K et al. “Genome-wide screen for metabolic syndrome susceptibility Loci reveals strong lipid gene contribution but no evidence for common genetic basis for clustering of metabolic syndrome traits.” Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 2012 Apr 1;5(2):242-9. PMID 22399527
• Dlouhá D et al. “[FTO gene and his role in genetic determination of obesity].” Vnitr Lek. 2012 Mar;58(3):208-15. PMID 22486287
• Sentinelli F et al. “Association of FTO polymorphisms with early age of obesity in obese Italian subjects.” Exp Diabetes Res. 2012;2012:872176. PMID 22454631
• Okada Y et al. “Common variants at CDKAL1 and KLF9 are associated with body mass index in east Asian populations.” Nat Genet. 2012 Feb 19;44(3):302-6. PMID 22344221

Top Pubmed articles linked to gene FTO matching any search term:

• de Luis DA et al. “Evaluation of weight loss and adipocytokines levels after two hypocaloric diets with different macronutrient distribution in obese subjects with RS9939609 gene variant.” Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2012 Aug 3;. PMID 22865603
• Iwata M et al. “Genetic risk score constructed using 14 susceptibility alleles for type 2 diabetes is associated with the early onset of diabetes and may predict the future requirement of insulin injections among Japanese individuals.” Diabetes Care. 2012 Aug;35(8):1763-70. PMID 22688542
• Chen G et al. “Genome-wide association study identifies novel loci association with fasting insulin and insulin resistance in African Americans.” Hum Mol Genet. 2012 Jul 30;. PMID 22791750
• Hatziagelaki E et al. “Insulin Resistant Phenotype of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome does not Seem to be Caused by Variation in FTO.” Horm Metab Res. 2012 Jul 30;. PMID 22847851
• Pyrzak B et al. “Relation of fat-mass and obesity-associated gene polymorphism to fat mass content and body mass index in obese children.” Adv Exp Med Biol. 2013;756:255-62. PMID 22836643
• Wojciechowski P et al. “Impact of FTO genotypes on BMI and weight in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.” Diabetologia. 2012 Jul 18;. PMID 22801903
• Linder K et al. “Allele summation of diabetes risk genes predicts impaired glucose tolerance in female and obese individuals.” PLoS One. 2012;7(6):e38224. PMID 22768041
• Luczynski W et al. “The association of the FTO rs9939609 polymorphism with obesity and metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in Polish children.” J Physiol Pharmacol. 2012 Jun;63(3):241-8. PMID 22791637
• Cecil J et al. “Obesity and eating behaviour in children and adolescents: Contribution of common gene polymorphisms.” Int Rev Psychiatry. 2012 Jun;24(3):200-10. PMID 22724641
• Parikh M et al. “Frequencies of obesity susceptibility alleles among ethnically and racially diverse bariatric patient populations.” Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2012 May 8;. PMID 22695173
• Prakash J et al. “Association of FTO rs17817449 SNP with obesity and associated physiological parameters in a north Indian population.” Ann Hum Biol. 2011 Nov;38(6):760-3. PMID 21919686
• Kilpeläinen TO et al. “Genetic variation near IRS1 associates with reduced adiposity and an impaired metabolic profile.” Nat Genet. 2011 Jun 26;43(8):753-60. PMID 21706003
• Hertel JK et al. “FTO, type 2 diabetes, and weight gain throughout adult life: a meta-analysis of 41,504 subjects from the Scandinavian HUNT, MDC, and MPP studies.” Diabetes. 2011 May;60(5):1637-44. PMID 21398525
• Huang W et al. “Combined effects of FTO rs9939609 and MC4R rs17782313 on obesity and BMI in Chinese Han populations.” Endocrine. 2011 Feb;39(1):69-74. PMID 21063808
• Li M et al. “[Association of the rs9939609 polymorphism of FTO gene with overweight or obesity in Hazakh children].” Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi. 2010 Dec;27(6):678-81. PMID 21154332
• Xi B et al. “The common rs9939609 variant of the fat mass and obesity-associated gene is associated with obesity risk in children and adolescents of Beijing, China.” BMC Med Genet. 2010 Jul 5;11:107. PMID 20598163
• Voight BF et al. “Twelve type 2 diabetes susceptibility loci identified through large-scale association analysis.” Nat Genet. 2010 Jul;42(7):579-89. PMID 20581827
• Bressler J et al. “Risk of type 2 diabetes and obesity is differentially associated with variation in FTO in whites and African-Americans in the ARIC study.” PLoS One. 2010 May 20;5(5):e10521. PMID 20502638
• He M et al. “Obesity genotype score and cardiovascular risk in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus.” Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2010 Feb;30(2):327-32. PMID 19910641
• Lauenborg J et al. “Common type 2 diabetes risk gene variants associate with gestational diabetes.” J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Jan;94(1):145-50. PMID 18984664