17: ACCESSORIES AND HOMES FOR THE DEAD

Communication with the dead

Offerings for the dead

Food offerings

Representations of offerings

"Offering formula"

Offering formula: Example

“An offering which the king gives to Osiris,
the great god, lord of Abydos, so that he may
give a thousand loaves of bread, a thousand
jars of beer, a thousand oxen, a thousand fowl,
a thousand pieces of cloth and a thousand of
every good thing on which a god lives to the
KA of Bameki [name of dead person],
who is true-of-voice”

Important points:
-Offering (voluntary)
-King
-Osiris
-Dead person gets same offerings that king gives to Osiris
-Specific offerings (bread, beer, oxen, fowl, cloth)
-Non-specific offerings (covering anything left out)
-KA of dead person receives offerings
-dead person described as "true-of-voice" (=become an effective spirit) in advance: positive thinking!

"Voice offerings"

Offerings for poorer people

Offering trays (aka "soul houses")

Servant models

Boat models

Shabti (special kind of servant figure)

Box of Shabtis

Homes for the dead:

Tombs, graves, etc.

Private/public

"The West"

Cemetery, necropolis, "god's domain"

King's burials (earlier): Pyramids

Private part of burial vs. superstructure

Mortuary temple: "public" (sort of)

Interior of "Great Pyramid"

Interior of Pyramid of Unas

"Pyramid Texts"

Disadvantages of pyramids

Later Trend in royal burials:
Hidden underground tomb
Visible mortuary temple far away

Mortuary temple of Hatshepsut at Deir el Bahri

Tomb Robbers

Non-royal tombs: private part

Mastaba

Superstructure

Tomb of Ani and Tutu

Public area: tomb chapel

Pyramids for non-royals as tomb chapels

Cutaway Plan:

Aboveground: Public areas--chapel, etc.
Belowground: Private--burial chamber, etc.

Funeral at tomb:
Funerary stela
Tomb chapel

False door

Funerary stela/stelae (plural)

Statues (for ka)

Offering tables

Daily life contents of tomb: tomb as home

Deir el Medina: tomb workers' village