14: Preparing the dead

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Last time....

"Effective spirit" (AKH)

Interaction with living

Point of death
Physical and non-physical components

BA leaves BODY

KA stays in BODY
HEART in BODY

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Preservation of body:
Mummification, Mummy

Embalming

Greek writers:
Herodotus
Diodorus Siculus

Mummies

Osiris as first mummy

King of the dead

Mummification:
Economic factors

Herodotus on three grades of mummification

Mummification

Processes:

Cleansing
Embalmers:
Like temple priests

Removal of brain
Removal of internal organs (viscera)

Treatment of internal organs

Treated organs placed in Canopic jars

4 Sons of Horus:
- Imsety (human) : protects liver, North
- Hapy (baboon) : protects lungs, South
- Duamutef (dog) : protects stomach, East
- Qebehsenuef (falcon) : protects intestines, West

Osiris & the 4 sons of Horus

Heart
Heart Scarab

Mummification

Drying out of body
Natron

Anubis (or embalmer disguised as Anubis)

Anubis prepares mummy

Mummification

"Packing", anointing mummy with oils

Wrapping of mummy in linen bandages

Ritual of Embalming

Decoration of mummy

Disposal of embalming material
Embalming "cache"

Mummy masks

Coffins

Burial ceremonies

"Opening of the mouth"

(also performed on cult-images of gods)

Offerings

Grave Goods

Ritual equipment

Stela

Mourning the dead, mourners

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Predynastic burials

Mummies

Tutankhamun ("King Tut")

Ramesses II

Causes of death

Cartonnage

Non-invasive methods of investigating mummies: X-Ray, CT-Scan

Later mummies

Roman period "portrait mummies"

Children