mypubs.bib
@article{Chen2013,
author = {J. Chen and J. B. Siegel and A. G. Stefanopoulou and J. R. Waldecker},
journal = {International Journal of Hydrogen Energy},
title = {Optimization of purge cycle for dead-ended anode fuel cell operation},
year = {2013},
pages = {5092-5105},
volume = {38},
document_type = {Article},
owner = {siegeljb},
timestamp = {2013.12.01},
url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84875691806&partnerID=40&md5=d3349dedfc8e542d2ca1d7c08534bfe2}
}
@article{Chen2011JECS,
author = {Jixin Chen and Jason B. Siegel and Toyoaki Matsuura and Anna G. Stefanopoulou},
journal = {J. Electrochem. Soc.},
title = {{C}arbon {C}orrosion in {PEM} {F}uel {C}ell {D}ead-{E}nded {A}node {O}perations},
year = {2011},
number = {9},
pages = {B1164-B1174},
volume = {158},
abstract = {This paper investigates the effects of dead-ended anode (DEA) operation
on the electrode carbon corrosion of the Proton Exchange Membrane
(PEM) fuel cell. A reduced order isothermal model is developed focusing
on the species concentration along the channel and associated membrane
phase potential. This model explains, and can be used to quantify,
the carbon corrosion behavior during DEA operation of a PEM fuel
cell. The presence of oxygen in the anode channel, although normally
less than 5% in molar fraction, creates a H2/O2 front as N2 and water
accumulate at the end of the channel and hydrogen is depleted along
the channel. The presence of oxygen in the anode channel also results
in a gradual drop of the membrane phase potential, promoting carbon
corrosion in the cathode. The corrosion rate is driven by the local
species concentration in the anode, which varies in space and time.
In a co-flow configuration, the large spatio-temporal patterns of
hydrogen starvation in the end of the anode channel induce the highest
carbon corrosion, which, in turn, is shown to be moderated by the
decreasing terminal voltage during galvanostatic operation. Although
not fully calibrated, the model shows good agreement with preliminary
in situ observations.},
doi = {10.1149/1.3609770},
keywords = {carbon; corrosion; proton exchange membrane fuel cells; spatiotemporal phenomena},
owner = {siegeljb},
publisher = {ECS},
timestamp = {2011.08.06},
url = {http://www.umich.edu/~umfccl/FCRecent/JESOAN0001580000090B1164000001.pdf}
}
@conference{Chen2012ASMEFC,
author = {Chen, Jixin and Siegel, Jason B. and Stefanopoulou, Anna G.},
title = {Optimization of Purging Cycle for Dead-Ended Anode Fuel Cell Operation},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology
Conference},
year = {2012},
number = {ESFuelCell2012-91307},
address = {San Diego, California},
month = {July},
abstract = {This paper focuses on the optimization of the purge cycle for dead-ended
anode (DEA) operation of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell.
Controling the purge interval at given operating conditions can optimize
the fuel cell efficiency and hydrogen loss during the purge. For
this optimization, a model capturing the liquid water and nitrogen
accumulation in the anode and the purge flow behavior is presented.
A target range of purge interval is then defined based on the minimal
purge time that removes the plug of liquid and nitrogen in the channel
end and the maximum purge interval beyond which hydrogen is wasted
since hydrogen molar fraction all along the channel has been restored
to one. If the purge is sufficiently long that all of the accumulated
water and nitrogen are removed then the power output in the subsequent
cycle (galvanostatic operation) would be highest, compared with incomplete
purges which do not fully restore hydrogen concentration in the anode.
Such purge schedule, however, is associated with certain amount of
hydrogen loss. Therefore, there is a trade-off between hydrogen loss
and power output, and a corresponding purge interval that produces
the largest efficiency. The optimum purge intervals for different
cycle durations are identified. The calculated DEA efficiencies are
compared with flow-through (FT) operation. The analysis and model-based
optimization methodology presented in this paper can be used for
optimizing DEA operation of PEMFC with minimum experimentation and
development time.},
owner = {siegeljb},
timestamp = {2012.07.10},
url = {http://www.umich.edu/~siegeljb/My_Papers/ASME12_Optimization_study3.1.pdf}
}
@conference{Chen2011ACC_PEMFC,
author = {Chen, Jixin and Siegel, Jason B. and Stefanopoulou, Anna G.},
title = {Nitrogen Blanketin Front Equilibria in Dead End Anode Fuel Cell Operation},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2011 American Control Conference},
year = {2011},
pages = {1524 -- 1529},
address = {San Francisco, CA, US},
month = {June},
abstract = {This paper investigates the equilibrium behavior during the dead-ended
anode (DEA) operation of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. A
reduced order model is developed focusing on the species molar fraction
in the anode channel. At equilibrium, hydrogen is present only in
a partial region in the anode, and the remaining region is deactivated
by the accumulation of water and nitrogen. Simulation results are
analysed to study the influences of certain controllable inputs and
system parameters on the nitrogen front location and steady-state
cell voltage. The simulation results are consistent with the initial
experimental observations. The results in this paper suggest that
it is possible to coat only the active portion of the membrane, along
the channel length, with catalyst.},
owner = {siegeljb},
timestamp = {2011.08.06},
url = {http://www.umich.edu/~siegeljb/My_Papers/1357.pdf}
}
@article{Ersal2014,
author = {Ersal, Tulga and Brudnak, Mark and Salvi, Ashwin and Kim, Youngki and Siegel, Jason B. and Stein, Jeffrey L.},
title = {An Iterative Learning Control Approach to Improving Fidelity in Internet-Distributed Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation},
journal = {Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control},
year = {2014},
volume = {136},
number = {6},
pages = {061012--061012},
month = aug,
issn = {0022-0434},
abstract = {One of the main challenges of cosimulating hardware-in-the-loop (HIL)
systems in real-time over the Internet is the fidelity of the simulation.
The dynamics of the Internet may significantly distort the dynamics
of the network-integrated system. This paper presents the development
and experimental validation of an iterative learning control (ILC)
based approach to improve fidelity of such networked system integration.
Toward this end, a new metric for characterizing coupling fidelity
is proposed, which, unlike some existing metrics, enables the formulation
of the problem of improving system fidelity without requiring any
knowledge about the reference dynamics (i.e., dynamics that would
be observed, if the system was physically connected). Next, using
this metric, the problem of improving fidelity is formulated as an
ILC problem. The proposed approach is illustrated on an experimental
setup simulating a hybrid electric powertrain distributed across
three different sites with a real engine and battery in the loop.
The conclusion is that the proposed approach holds significant potential
for achieving high fidelity in Internet-distributed HIL (ID-HIL)
simulation setups.},
doi = {10.1115/1.4027868},
owner = {siegeljb},
timestamp = {2015.03.03}
}
@inproceedings{KimACC2014,
author = {Kim, Y. and Mohan, S. and Samad, N. and Siegel, J.B. and Stefanopoulou,
A.G.},
title = {Optimal Power Management for a Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle Cognizant
of Battery Mechanical Effects},
booktitle = {in Proceedings of American Control Conference (ACC) 4-6 June 2014},
year = {2014},
pages = {3832,3837},
doi = {10.1109/ACC.2014.6859505},
owner = {choonhun},
timestamp = {2015.02.10}
}
@article{Kim2014,
author = {Kim, Y. and Mohan, S. and Siegel, J.B. and Stefanopoulou, A.G. and
Ding, Y.},
title = {The Estimation of Temperature Distribution in Cylindrical Battery
Cells Under Unknown Cooling Conditions},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology},
year = {2014},
volume = {22},
pages = {2277-2286},
number = {6},
abstract = {The estimation of temperature inside a battery cell requires accurate
information about the cooling conditions even when the battery surface
temperature is measured. This paper presents a model-based approach
for estimating temperature distribution inside a cylindrical battery
under unknown convective cooling conditions. A reduced-order thermal
model using a polynomial approximation of the temperature profile
inside the battery is used. A dual Kalman filter (DKF), a combination
of a Kalman filter and an extended Kalman filter, is then applied
for the identification of the convection coefficient and the estimation
of the battery core temperature. The thermal properties are modeled
by volume averaged lumped-values under the assumption of a homogeneous
and isotropic volume. The model is parameterized and validated using
experimental data from a 2.3 Ah 26,650 lithium-iron-phosphate battery
cell with a forced-air convective cooling during hybrid electric
vehicle drive cycles. Experimental results show that the proposed
DKF-based estimation method can provide an accurate prediction of
the core temperature under unknown cooling conditions by measuring
battery current and voltage along with surface and ambient temperatures.},
doi = {10.1109/TCST.2014.2309492},
file = {papers_battery/06767083.pdf},
issn = {1063-6536},
keywords = {Dual Kalman filter (DKF);lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries;reduced-order
model;state and parameter estimation;thermal modeling.},
owner = {siegeljb},
timestamp = {2014.06.12}
}
@article{Kim2014c,
author = {Kim, Y. and Salvi, A. and Siegel, J.B. and Filipi, Z.S. and Stefanopoulou,
A.G. and Ersal, T.},
title = {Hardware-in-the-Loop Validation of a Power Management Strategy for
Hybrid Powertrains},
journal = {Control Engineering Practice},
year = {2014},
volume = {29},
pages = {277–286},
month = {August},
doi = {10.1016/j.conengprac.2014.04.008},
owner = {choonhun},
timestamp = {2015.02.10}
}
@inproceedings{Kim2016ACC,
author = {Kim, Y. and Samad, N. A. and Oh, K.-Y. and Siegel, J.B. and Epureanu,
B. and Stefanopoulou, A. G.},
title = {Estimating state-of-charge imbalance of batteries using force measurements},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the American Control Conference},
year = {2016},
owner = {siegeljb},
timestamp = {2016.02.04}
}
@conference{Kim2013698,
author = {Kim, Y. and Siegel, J.B. and Stefanopoulou, A.G.},
title = {A computationally efficient thermal model of cylindrical battery
cells for the estimation of radially distributed temperatures},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the American Control Conference},
year = {2013},
pages = {698-703},
document_type = {Conference Paper},
owner = {siegeljb},
timestamp = {2013.12.01}
}
@inproceedings{Knobloch2014,
author = {Knobloch, Aaron and Kapusta, Chris and Karp, Jason and Lin, David and Plotnikov, Yuri and Stefanopoulou, Anna and Siegel, Jason and Monroe, Charles and Epureanu, Bogdan and Garipkipati, Krishna and Anderson, Dyche},
booktitle = {AABC 2014 - Advanced Automotive Battery Confernce},
title = {{Ultra-thin sensors and multi physics models for new insights into Li-ion battery operation}},
year = {2014},
publisher = {Advanced Automotive Batteries},
owner = {siegeljb},
timestamp = {2015.10.09}
}
@article{LinTCST21014,
author = {Xinfan Lin},
title = {State of Charge Imbalance Estimation for Battery Strings under Reduced
Voltage Sensing},
journal = ieee_j_cst,
year = {2014},
note = {TCST-2013-0830.R2},
doi = {10.1109/TCST.2014.2360919},
owner = {siegeljb},
timestamp = {2014.10.26}
}
@article{Lin2012,
author = {Lin, Xinfan and Fu, Huan and Perez, Hector E. and Siegel , Jason
B. and Stefanopoulou, Anna G. and Ding, Yi and Castanier, Matthew
P.},
title = {Parameterization and Observability Analysis of Scalable Battery Clusters
for Onboard Thermal Management},
journal = {Oil \& Gas Science and Technology — Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles},
year = {2012},
owner = {siegeljb},
timestamp = {2012.08.20},
url = {http://www.umich.edu/~siegeljb/My_Papers/thermal_OGST_rev_v3.pdf}
}
@conference{Lin2014b,
author = {Lin, X. and Mohan, S. and Siegel, J. and Stefanopoulou, A.},
title = {Temperature Estimation in a Battery String under Frugal Sensor Allocation},
booktitle = {ASME Dynamic Systems and Control Conference (DSCC), San Antonio,
October 2014},
year = {2014},
series = {DSCC2014-6352},
doi = {10.1115/DSCC2014-6352},
owner = {choonhun},
timestamp = {2015.02.10}
}
@article{Lin2013,
author = {Xinfan Lin and Perez, H.E. and Siegel, J.B. and Stefanopoulou, A.G.
and Yonghua Li and Anderson, R.D. and Yi Ding and Castanier, M.P.},
title = {Online Parameterization of Lumped Thermal Dynamics in Cylindrical
Lithium Ion Batteries for Core Temperature Estimation and Health
Monitoring},
journal = {Control Systems Technology, IEEE Transactions on},
year = {2013},
volume = {21},
pages = {1745-1755},
doi = {10.1109/TCST.2012.2217143},
issn = {1063-6536},
keywords = {condition monitoring;lithium;observers;parameter estimation;secondary
cells;temperature measurement;26650 lithium iron phosphate-graphite;Li;adaptive
observer;core temperature estimation;cylindrical lithium ion batteries;health
monitoring;lumped thermal dynamics;online parameter identification;online
parameterization;online parameterization methodology;overheating;surface
temperature measurement;temperature-dependent internal resistance;thermal
model;thermal monitoring;Adaptation models;Batteries;Battery charge
measurement;Coolants;Heating;Resistance;Temperature measurement;Adaptive
estimation;core temperature;lithium ion battery;state of health},
owner = {siegeljb},
source = {Scopus},
timestamp = {2013.12.01},
url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84867039026&partnerID=40&md5=c159dc14a500aebcb71f7bce394421e1}
}
@article{Lin2014,
author = {Xinfan Lin and Hector E. Perez and Shankar Mohan and Jason B. Siegel
and Anna G. Stefanopoulou and Yi Ding and Matthew P. Castanier},
title = {A lumped-parameter electro-thermal model for cylindrical batteries},
journal = {Journal of Power Sources},
year = {2014},
volume = {257},
pages = {1 - 11},
number = {0},
abstract = {Abstract Combining several existing lumped-parameter models, this
paper presents an electro-thermal model for cylindrical batteries.
The model consists of two sub-models, an equivalent-circuit electrical
model and a two-state thermal model which are coupled through heat
generation and temperature dependence of the electrical parameters.
The computationally efficient 5-state model captures the state of
charge (SOC), terminal voltage, surface temperature and the often
neglected core temperature of a battery for wide range of operating
conditions. The proposed parameterization scheme allows separate
identification of the electric and thermal sub-models, greatly reducing
the complexity of the parameterization process. The methodology is
applied to a LiFePO4/graphite battery. Comparison with the electrochemical
impedance spectroscopy data clarifies the frequency range of the
model fidelity. The model is further validated with two drive-cycle
tests, covering \{SOC\} range 25%–100%, temperature 5 °C–38 °C,
and maximum C-rate of 22C.},
doi = {10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.01.097},
file = {papers_battery/Xinfan_JPS.pdf},
issn = {0378-7753},
keywords = {Lithium ion batteries},
owner = {siegeljb},
timestamp = {2014.06.15}
}
@conference{Lin2012ACC,
author = {Lin, Xinfan and Stefanopoulou, Anna G. and Perez, Hector E. and Siegel,
Jason B. and Li, Yonghua and Anderson, R. Dyche},
title = {Quadruple Adaptive Observer of the Core Temperature in Cylindrical
Li-ion Batteries and their Health Monitoring},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2012 American Control Conference},
year = {2012},
pages = {578 - 583},
address = {Montreal, Canada},
month = {June},
abstract = {Temperature monitoring is a critical issue for lithium ion batteries.
Since only the surface temperature of the battery can be measured,
a thermal model is needed to estimate the core temperature, which
can be higher and hence more critical. In this paper, an on-line
parameter identification scheme is designed for a cylindrical lithium
ion battery thermal model, by which the parameters of the thermal
model can be identified automatically. An adaptive observer is designed
based on the on-line parameterization methodology and the closed
loop architecture. A linear battery thermal model is explored first,
where the internal resistance is assumed to be constant. The methodology
is later extended to address temperature dependent internal resistance
with non-uniform forgetting factors. The capability of the methodology
to track the long term variation of the internal resistance is beneficial
for battery health monitoring.},
owner = {siegeljb},
timestamp = {2012.02.20},
url = {http://www.umich.edu/~siegeljb/My_Papers/1501.pdf}
}
@conference{Marsuura2012ECSMTG,
author = {Toyoaki Marsuura and Jason B. Siegel and Anna G. Stefanopoulou},
title = {Experimental Investigation of Degradation in PEMFC with Dead-Ended Anode Operation},
booktitle = {ECS Meeting Abstracts},
year = {2012},
volume = {1201},
number = {6},
pages = {315},
address = {Seattle, Washington},
month = {May},
publisher = {ECS},
journal = {ECS Meeting Abstracts},
owner = {siegeljb},
timestamp = {2012.07.11},
url = {http://www-personal.umich.edu/~siegeljb/My_Papers/ECA000315.pdf}
}
@article{Matsuura201311346,
author = {Matsuura, T. and Chen, J. and Siegel, J.B. and Stefanopoulou, A.G.},
title = {Degradation phenomena in PEM fuel cell with dead-ended anode},
journal = {International Journal of Hydrogen Energy},
year = {2013},
volume = {38},
pages = {11346-11356},
document_type = {Article},
owner = {siegeljb},
timestamp = {2013.12.01},
url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84882449963&partnerID=40&md5=97f2862db0dbd8db7b25d12c8abcc5ab}
}
@conference{Matsuura2011,
author = {Matsuura, Toyoaki and Siegel, Jason B. and Stefanopoulou, Anna G.
and Chen, Jixin},
title = {Multiple Degradation Phenomena in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel
Cell with Dead-Ended Anode},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 9th Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology
Conference},
year = {2011},
number = {ESFuelCell2011-54344},
address = {Washington DC},
organization = {ASME},
abstract = {Dead-ended anode (DEA) operation of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell
(PEFC) can simplify the fuel cell auxiliary and reduce system cost,
however durability and lifetime in this operating mode requires further
study. In this work, we investigate the electrode and membrane degradations
of one 50 cm2 active area fuel cell under DEA operation using a combination
of postmortem evaluation and in-situ performance evaluation protocol.
We experimentally identify multiple degradation patterns using a
cell which we have previously modeled and experimentally verified
the spatio-temporal patterns associated with the anode water flooding
and nitrogen blanketing. The change in cell voltage and internal
resistance during operation and ex situ Scanning Electron Microscope
(SEM) images of aged electrode/membrane are analysed to determine
and characterize the degradation of the membrane electrode assembly
(MEA). Chemical degradations including carbon corrosion in the catalyst
layer and membrane decomposition are found after operating the cell
with a DEA. Mechanical degradations including membrane delamination
are also observed. Unique features of DEA operation including fuel
starvation/nitrogen blanketing in the anode and uneven local water/current
distribution, are considered as culprits for degradation.},
doi = {10.1115/FuelCell2011-54344},
owner = {siegeljb},
timestamp = {2011.08.06},
url = {http://www.umich.edu/~siegeljb/My_Papers/MCP000127.pdf}
}
@article{McCain2010,
author = {Buz A. McCain and Anna G. Stefanopoulou and Jason B. Siegel},
title = {Controllability and Observability Analysis of the Liquid Water Distribution
Inside the Gas Diffusion Layer of a Unit Fuel Cell Model},
journal = {Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control},
year = {2010},
volume = {132},
pages = {061303},
number = {6},
eid = {061303},
abstract = {We analyze the controllability and observability (C/O) of the liquid
water distribution in the gas diffusion layer (GDL) of a polymer
electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) using a one-dimensional channel-to-channel
unit fuel cell model. This modeling domain is sufficient to illustrate
the control objectives and analysis techniques but requires further
development for stack level modeling. A comparison is made between
first-principles-based numeric and reduced-order semi-analytic models
with emphasis on the effects of model reduction on their analyses.
The numeric model is a partial differential equation based model
approximated by difference equations, including both channels and
both GDLs of a PEMFC. The reduced model uses a semi-analytic solution
method, which is a combination of analytic and numeric solutions,
gaining physical intuition at lower computational cost. The C/O analysis
is based on linearizations around three critical operating points.
The results indicate that stabilizability of the anode liquid water
states and, hence, management of anode water flooding is possible.
If the channel water mass can be controlled to a constant value,
then the GDL liquid distribution will be stable (McCain et al., 2007,
“A Multi-Component Spatially-Distributed Model of Two-Phase Flow
for Estimation and Control of Fuel Cell Water Dynamics,” Proceedings
of the 46th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, pp. 584–589).
Further, it will be shown that if the channel liquid water mass can
be brought to zero, controllability of the GDL liquid modes will
be obtained. Additionally, this study will indicate the input(s)
best suited to obtain this control objective and the output(s) required.},
doi = {10.1115/1.4002477},
keywords = {channel flow; controllability; difference equations; diffusion; electrochemical
electrodes; flow control; observability; partial differential equations;
proton exchange membrane fuel cells; reduced order systems; two-phase
flow},
numpages = {8},
owner = {siegeljb},
publisher = {ASME},
timestamp = {2010.12.08},
url = {http://www.umich.edu/~umfccl/FCRecent/JDSMAA000132000006061303000001.pdf}
}
@article{McKayJPS2008,
author = {McKay, Denise A. and Siegel, Jason B. and Ott, William and Stefanopoulou,
Anna G.},
title = {Parameterization and Prediction of Temporal Fuel Cell Voltage Behavior
During Flooding and Drying Conditions},
journal = {J. Power Sources},
year = {2008},
volume = {178},
pages = {207--222},
number = {1},
month = mar,
abstract = {This paper describes a simple isothermal two-phase flow dynamic model
that predicts the experimentally observed temporal behavior of a
proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack. This model is intended
for use in embedded real time control where computational simplicity
is of critical importance. A reproducible methodology is presented
to experimentally identify six (6) tunable physical parameters based
on the estimation of the cell voltage, the water vapor transport
through the membrane and the accumulation of liquid water in the
gas channels. The model equations allow temporal calculation of the
species concentrations across the gas diffusion layers, the vapor
transport across the membrane, and the degree of flooding within
the cell structure. The notion of apparent current density then relates
this flooding phenomena to cell performance through a reduction in
the cell active area as liquid water accumulates. Despite the oversimplification
of many complex phenomena, this model provides a useful tool for
predicting the resulting decay in cell voltage over time only after
it has been tuned with experimental data. The calibrated model and
tuning procedure is demonstrated with a 1.4k(24 cell, 300 cm2 stack,
using pressure regulated pure hydrogen supplied to a dead-ended anode,
under a range of operating conditions typical for multi-cell stacks.},
doi = {10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.12.031},
keywords = {PEM fuel cells, Anode flooding, PDE modeling, Transient dynamics,
Model calibration, Parameter identification},
owner = {siegeljb},
timestamp = {2008.11.13},
url = {http://www.umich.edu/~siegeljb/My_Papers/McKayJPS2008.pdf}
}
@article{Mohan2014,
author = {Mohan, Shankar and Kim, Youngki and Siegel, Jason B. and Samad, Nassim
A. and Stefanopoulou, Anna G.},
title = {A Phenomenological Model of Bulk Force in a Li-Ion Battery Pack and
Its Application to State of Charge Estimation},
journal = {Journal of The Electrochemical Society},
year = {2014},
volume = {161},
pages = {A2222-A2231},
number = {14},
doi = {10.1149/2.0841414jes},
owner = {choonhun},
timestamp = {2015.01.29},
url = {http://jes.ecsdl.org/content/161/14/A2222.full.pdf+html}
}
@conference{Moura2010,
author = {Moura, Scott J. and Siegel, Jason B. and Siegel, Donald J. and Fathy,
Hosam K. and Stefanopoulou, Anna G.},
title = {Education on Electrochemical Vehicle Propulsion: Battery Systems
and Hydrogen Fuel Cells},
booktitle = {The 2010 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC2010)},
year = {2010},
abstract = {A new education program is under development at the University of
Michigan to educate engineers in the fundamentals of electrochemical
propulsion systems for vehicle electrification. This paper describes
two courses that are part of this larger program: “Battery Systems
& Control” and “Fuel Cell Vehicles & Hydrogen Infrastructure.” These
courses seek to educate undergraduate, graduate, and professional
(i.e. distance learning) students in the fundamentals of modeling,
control, and design of batteries, fuel cells, and hydrogen storage
systems. These courses apply a systems-level approach to electrochemical
propulsion systems with particular emphasis placed on modeling, design,
and control issues encountered in practice. In the battery course
students are introduced to electrochemical-based models, model reduction
techniques, simulation procedures, and reallife control problems
such as state-of-charge estimation. Topics covered in the fuel cell
course include: PEM fuel cell operating fundamentals, hydrogen production
pathways, hydrogen storage, and well-to-wheels CO2 and efficiency
analyses. This paper broadly outlines the curriculum for both courses
using specific assignments as illustrative examples of the program’s
content. Together these two courses provide fundamental skills directed
at developing engineering leadership and knowledge in sustainable
transportation systems.},
owner = {siegeljb},
timestamp = {2010.04.01},
url = {http://www.umich.edu/~siegeljb/My_Papers/VPPC10-MEx99-FINAL.pdf}
}
@article{Oh2016JPS_PEHNOM,
author = {Ki-Yong Oh and Bogdan I. Epureanu and Jason B. Siegel and Anna G. Stefanopoulou},
journal = {Journal of Power Sources},
title = {Phenomenological force and swelling models for rechargeable lithium-ion battery cells},
year = {2016},
issn = {0378-7753},
pages = {118 - 129},
volume = {310},
abstract = {Abstract Three phenomenological force and swelling models are developed
to predict mechanical phenomena caused by Li-ion intercalation: a
1-D force model, a 1st order relaxation model, and a 3-D swelling
model. The 1-D force model can estimate the Li-ion intercalation
induced force for actual pack conditions with preloads. The model
incorporates a nonlinear elastic stiffness to capture the mechanical
consequences of Li-ion intercalation swelling. The model also separates
the entire state of charge range into three regions considering phase
transitions. The 1st order relaxation model predicts dynamic swelling
during relaxation periods. A coefficient of relaxation is estimated
from dynamic and quasi-static swelling at operational conditions.
The 3-D swelling model predicts the swelling shape on the battery
surface for all states of charge. This model introduces an equivalent
modulus of elasticity, which is dependent on the state of charge,
to capture material transformations of the electrodes, and the orthotropic
expansion of the jellyroll in a direction perpendicular to the electrode
surfaces. Considering the simplicity of the measurements and direct
physical correlations between stress and strain, the proposed models
can enhance battery management systems and power management strategies.},
doi = {10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.01.103},
keywords = {Li-ion battery},
owner = {siegeljb},
timestamp = {2016.03.24}
}
@article{Oh2016JPS_MultiP,
author = {Oh, K.-Y. and Samad, N. A. and Kim, Y. and Siegel, J. B.and Stefanopoulou,
A. G. and Epureanu, B. I},
title = {A novel phenomenological multi-physics model of Li-ion battery cells},
journal = {J. Power Sources},
year = {2016},
volume = {326},
pages = {447–458},
owner = {siegeljb},
timestamp = {2016.03.24}
}
@article{Oh2014,
author = {Oh, Ki-Yong and Siegel, Jason B. and Secondo, Lynn and Kim, Sun Ung and Samad, Nassim A. and Qin, Jiawei and Anderson, Dyche and Garikipati, Krishna and Knobloch, Aaron and Epureanu, Bogdan I. and Monroe, Charles W. and Stefanopoulou, Anna G.},
journal = {Journal of Power Sources},
title = {Rate dependence of swelling in lithium-ion cells},
year = {2014},
issn = {0378-7753},
number = {0},
pages = {197 - 202},
volume = {267},
doi = {10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.05.039},
owner = {siegeljb},
timestamp = {2014.02.12},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378775314007228}
}
@article{Parvini2015TIE,
author = {Parvini, Yasha and Siegel, Jason B. and Stefanopoulou, Anna G. and Vahidi, Ardalan},
title = {Supercapacitor Electrical and Thermal Modeling, Identification, and Validation for a Wide Range of Temperature and Power Applications},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics},
year = {2016},
doi = {10.1109/TIE.2015.2494868},
owner = {siegeljb},
timestamp = {2015.10.07}
}
@inproceedings{Parvini2014,
author = {Parvini, Y. and Siegel, J. B. and Stefanopoulou, A. G. and Vahidi,
A.},
title = {Preliminary results on identification of an electro-thermal model
for low temperature and high power operation of cylindrical double
layer ultracapacitors},
booktitle = {in Proceedings of American Control Conference (ACC) 4-6 June 2014},
year = {2014},
pages = {242-247},
doi = {10.1109/ACC.2014.6859394},
owner = {choonhun},
timestamp = {2015.02.10}
}
@conference{Perez2012,
author = {Perez, H.E. and Siegel, J.B. and Lin, X. and Stefanopoulou, A.G.
and Ding, Y. and Castanier, M.P.},
title = {Parameterization and validation of an integrated electro-thermal
cylindrical lfp battery model},
booktitle = {ASME 2012 5th Annual Dynamic Systems and Control Conference},
year = {2012},
volume = {3},
pages = {41-50},
document_type = {Conference Paper},
owner = {siegeljb},
source = {Scopus},
timestamp = {2013.12.01},
url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84885943036&partnerID=40&md5=e1496dee578c2af41a2d17d041c3be38}
}
@conference{Ripaccioli2009,
author = {Ripaccioli, Giulio and Siegel, Jason B. and Stefanopoulou, Anna G.
and Di Cairano, Stefano},
title = {Derivation and Simulation Results of a Hybrid Model Predictive Control
for Water Purge Scheduling in a Fuel Cell},
booktitle = {Proc. of the 2nd Annual Dynamic Systems and Control Conference},
year = {2009},
address = {Hollywood, CA, USA},
month = {October 12-14},
abstract = {This paper illustrates the application of hybrid modeling and model
predictive control techniques to the water purge management in a
fuel cell with dead-end anode. The anode water flow dynamics are
approximated as a two-mode discrete-time switched affine system that
describes the propagation of water inside the gas diffusion layer,
the spilling into the channel and consequent filling and plugging
the channel. Using this dynamical approximation, a hybrid model predictive
controller based on on-line mixed-integer quadratic optimization
is tuned, and the effectiveness of the approach is shown through
simulations with a high-fidelity model. Then, using an off-line multiparametric
optimization procedure, the controller is converted into an equivalent
piecewise affine form which is easily implementable even in an embedded
controller through a lookup table of affine gains.},
owner = {siegeljb},
timestamp = {2009.09.18},
url = {http://www.umich.edu/~siegeljb/My_Papers/MCP000149.pdf}
}
@article{SamadECS2016,
author = {Samad, Nassim A. and Kim, Youngki and Siegel, Jason B. and Stefanopoulou, Anna G.},
title = {Battery Capacity Fading Estimation Using a Force-Based Incremental Capacity Analysis},
journal = {J Electrochem Soc},
year = {2016},
volume = {163},
number = {8},
pages = {A1584-A1594},
doi = {10.1149/2.0511608jes},
owner = {siegeljb},
timestamp = {2016.02.04}
}
@inproceedings{Samad2015vppc,
author = {Samad, Nassim A. and Kim, Youngki and Siegel, Jason B. and Stefanopoulou,
Anna G.},
title = {Influence of Battery Downsizing and SOC Operating Window on Battery
Pack Performance in a Hybrid Electric Vehicle},
booktitle = {IEEE-Vehicular Power and Propulsion Conference},
year = {2015},
owner = {siegeljb},
timestamp = {2015.10.07}
}
@conference{SamadDSCC2014,
author = {Samad, N. and Siegel, J. and Stefanopoulou, A.},
title = {Parameterization and Validation of a Distributed Coupled Electro-Thermal
Model for Prismatic Cells},
booktitle = {ASME Dynamic Systems and Control Conference (DSCC), San Antonio,
October 2014},
year = {2014},
series = {DSCC2014-6321},
doi = {10.1115/DSCC2014-6321},
owner = {choonhun},
timestamp = {2015.02.10}
}
@inproceedings{Samad2015acc,
author = {Samad, N.A. and Siegel, J.B. and Stefanopoulou, A.G. and Knobloch,
A.},
title = {Observability analysis for surface sensor location in encased battery
cells},
booktitle = {American Control Conference (ACC), 2015},
year = {2015},
pages = {299-304},
month = {July},
doi = {10.1109/ACC.2015.7170752},
keywords = {partial differential equations;secondary cells;sensor placement;Li;PDE;airflow
conditions;compact battery pack design;encased battery cells;heat
partial differential equation;lithium-ion cell;observability analysis;optimal
sensor placement;pack geometry;surface sensor location;temperature
sensors;Batteries;Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions;Heating;Mathematical
model;Observability;Temperature measurement;Temperature sensors},
owner = {siegeljb},
timestamp = {2015.10.07}
}
@conference{Siegel2010ARMYSCI,
author = {Jason Siegel and Xinfan Lin and Anna Stefanopoulou and David Gorsich},
title = {NEUTRON IMAGING OF LITHIUM CONCENTRATION FOR VALIDATION OF LI-ION
BATTERY STATE OF CHARGE ESTIMATION},
booktitle = {27th Army Science Conference},
year = {2010},
abstract = {This paper shows how the principle of neutron radiography can be used
to indirectly quantify the critical physical state of lithium concentration
across battery electrodes at steady-state conditions (after a long
relaxation time or small load) as a first step in this important
effort to measure in-situ battery physical states and validate electrochemical
battery models. A model of the expected loss in beam intensity after
passing through the different layers of a battery pouch cell is constructed
based on the material densities and dimensions. This model is augmented
with simulation of the neutron transmission behavior, including optical
effects due to the geometric unsharpness and the detector response.
The resulting model provides the basis for a comprehensive simulation
of the in-situ metrology of lithium concentration in Li-ion batteries,
and comparison with experimental results.},
owner = {siegeljb},
timestamp = {2010.09.22},
url = {http://www.umich.edu/~siegeljb/My_Papers/ARMY_SCI_CONF_V4.pdf}
}
@article{Siegel2013A1031,
author = {Siegel, J.B. and Stefanopoulou, A.G. and Hagans, P. and Ding, Y.
and Gorsich, D.},
title = {Expansion of lithium ion pouch cell batteries: Observations from
neutron imaging},
journal = {Journal of the Electrochemical Society},
year = {2013},
volume = {160},
pages = {A1031-A1038},
document_type = {Article},
owner = {siegeljb},
timestamp = {2013.12.01},
url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84877149470&partnerID=40&md5=68d310102e9e7b658257ae67963baa95}
}
@conference{siegeljb2007gradsypm,
author = {Siegel, Jason B.},
title = {Fuel Cell Model Validation of Liquid Water Dynamics Using Neutron
Imaging},
booktitle = {University of Michigan Engineering Graduate Symposium},
year = {2007},
owner = {siegeljb},
timestamp = {2008.11.13}
}
@article{Siegel2010JECS,
author = {Jason B. Siegel and Stanislav V. Bohac and Anna G. Stefanopoulou
and Serhat Yesilyurt},
title = {Nitrogen Front Evolution in Purged Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel
Cell with Dead-Ended Anode},
journal = {J. Electrochem. Soc.},
year = {2010},
volume = {157},
pages = {B1081-B1093},
number = {7},
abstract = {In this paper, we model and experimentally verify the evolution of
liquid water and nitrogen fronts along the length of the anode channel
in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell operating with a dead-ended
anode that is fed by dry hydrogen. The accumulation of inert nitrogen
and liquid water in the anode causes a voltage drop, which is recoverable
by purging the anode. Experiments were designed to clarify the effect
of N2 blanketing, water plugging of the channels, and flooding of
the gas diffusion layer. The observation of each phenomenon is facilitated
by simultaneous gas chromatography measurements on samples extracted
from the anode channel to measure the nitrogen content and neutron
imaging to measure the liquid water distribution. A model of the
accumulation is presented, which describes the dynamic evolution
of a N2 blanketing front in the anode channel leading to the development
of a hydrogen starved region. The prediction of the voltage drop
between purge cycles during nonwater plugging channel conditions
is shown. The model is capable of describing both the two-sloped
behavior of the voltage decay and the time at which the steeper slope
begins by capturing the effect of H2 concentration loss and the area
of the H2 starved region along the anode channel.},
doi = {10.1149/1.3425743},
keywords = {chromatography; electrochemical electrodes; nitrogen; proton exchange
membrane fuel cells; water},
owner = {siegeljb},
publisher = {ECS},
timestamp = {2010.04.01},
url = {http://www.umich.edu/~siegeljb/My_Papers/JES0B1081.pdf}
}
@conference{Siegel2011ECSMTG,
author = {Jason B. Siegel and Xinfan Lin and Anna Stefanopoulou and Daniel Hussey and David Jacobson},
title = {Neutron Imaging LFP Pouch Cells: Spatially Resolved Changes in Lithium Concentration},
booktitle = {ECS Meeting Abstracts},
year = {2011},
volume = {1101},
number = {10},
pages = {515},
address = {Montreal, QC, Canada},
month = {May},
publisher = {ECS},
journal = {ECS Meeting Abstracts},
owner = {siegeljb},
timestamp = {2012.07.11},
url = {http://www-personal.umich.edu/~siegeljb/My_Papers/ECA000506.pdf}
}
@conference{Siegel2012ACC,
author = {Siegel, Jason B. and Lin, Xinfan and Stefanopoulou, Anna G.},
title = {On the Accuracy and Simplifications of Battery Models using In Situ
Measurements of Lithium Concentration in Operational Cells},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2012 American Control Conference},
year = {2012},
pages = {1362 - 1367},
address = {Montreal, Canada},
month = {June},
abstract = {In an effort to evaluate the accuracy of various battery models we
use neutron imaging which is a nondestructive in situ measurement
technique that has been successfully used to track the migration
of lithium between the anode and cathode electrode layers during
battery operation. In this work we extend the previous results, acquired
during steady state conditions, by studying the transient behavior
of the lithium concentration distribution across the electrode during
charging and discharging. The thermal neutron beamline at the National
Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) Center for Neutron
Research was used to measure the Lithium concentration in an operating
Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) pouch cell battery with typical commercial
electrodes. A stroboscopic imaging technique was developed to generate
images with longer effective exposure time, increasing the signal
to noise ratio and enabling measurement of changes in lithium concentration
during high power transients. The measurement of the solid phase
lithium concentration distribution across the electrode for high
rate (7.5C / 3C) short duration (20-40s) pulses are compared with
the simulated distributions from a commercial battery simulation
software package using the same experimental conditions.},
owner = {siegeljb},
timestamp = {2012.02.20},
url = {http://www.umich.edu/~siegeljb/My_Papers/1558.pdf}
}
@conference{Siegel2012ECSMTG,
author = {Jason B. Siegel and Xinfan Lin and Anna G. Stefanopoulou},
title = {Neutron Imaging of Degraded LFP Pouch Cells Illustrate Dendrite Formation and Internal Shorts},
booktitle = {ECS Meeting Abstracts},
year = {2012},
volume = {1201},
number = {9},
pages = {506},
address = {Seattle, Washington},
month = {May},
publisher = {ECS},
journal = {ECS Meeting Abstracts},
owner = {siegeljb},
timestamp = {2012.07.11},
url = {http://www-personal.umich.edu/~siegeljb/My_Papers/ECA000506.pdf}
}
@conference{Siegel2011ACC_NI,
author = {Siegel, Jason B. and Lin, Xinfan and Stefanopoulou, Anna G. and Gorsich,
David},
title = {Neutron Imaging of Lithium Concentration in Battery Pouch Cells},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2011 American Control Conference},
year = {2011},
address = {San Francisco, CA, US},
abstract = {This paper shows how the principle of neutron radiography can be used
to quantify the critical physical state of lithium concentration
across battery electrodes at steady-state conditions (after a long
relaxation time or small load) as a first step in this important
effort to measure in-situ battery physical states and validate electrochemical
battery models. A model of the expected loss in beam intensity after
passing through the different layers of a battery pouch cell is constructed
based on the material densities and dimensions. This model is augmented
with simulation of the neutron transmission behavior, including optical
effects due to the geometric unsharpness and the detector response.
The resulting model provides the basis for a comprehensive simulation
of the in-situ metrology of lithium concentration in Li-ion batteries,
and comparison with experimental results. This work was also presented
as a poster at the 27th Annual Army Science Conference [1].},
owner = {siegeljb},
timestamp = {2011.08.06},
url = {http://www.umich.edu/~siegeljb/My_Papers/0656.pdf}
}
@article{Siegel2011JECS,
author = {Siegel, Jason B. and Lin, Xinfan and Stefanopoulou, Anna G. and Hussey,
Daniel S. and Jacobson, David L. and Gorsich, David},
title = {Neutron Imaging of Lithium Concentration in LFP Pouch Cell Battery},
journal = {J. Electrochem. Soc.},
year = {2011},
volume = {158},
pages = {A523-A529},
number = {5},
abstract = {This paper shows how neutron radiography can be used for in situ quantification
of the lithium concentration across battery electrodes, a critical
physical system state. The change in lithium concentration between
the charged and discharged states of the battery causes a change
in number of detected neutrons after passing through the battery.
Electrode swelling is also observed during battery charging. The
experimental setup and the observations from testing a pouch cell
with LFP cathode and graphite anode are reported here. The bulk Li
concentration across the electrode and folds of the pouch cell is
quantified at various states of charge. To interpret the measurements,
the optics of the neutron beam (geometric unsharpness) and detector
resolution are considered in order to quantify the lithium concentration
from the images due to the thinness of the electrode layers. The
experimental methodology provides a basis for comprehensive in situ
metrology of bulk lithium concentratio},
doi = {10.1149/1.3566341},
owner = {siegeljb},
timestamp = {2011.02.25},
url = {http://www.umich.edu/~siegeljb/My_Papers/JECS_Neturon_LIB_Proofs.pdf}
}
@conference{SiegelACC2008,
author = {Siegel, J. B. and McKay, D. A. and Stefanopoulou, A. G.},
title = {Modeling and Validation of Fuel Cell Water Dynamics Using Neutron
Imaging},
booktitle = {Proc. of the 2008 American Control Conference},
year = {2008},
pages = {2573-2578},
month = {June},
abstract = {Using neutron imaging, the mass of liquid water within the gas diffusion
layer and flow channels of an operating polymer electrolyte membrane
fuel cell (PEMFC) is measured under a range of operating conditions.
Between anode purge events, it is demonstrated that liquid water
accumulates and is periodically removed from the anode gas channels;
this event is well correlated with the dynamic cell voltage response.
The estimation of flooding and cell performance is achieved by a
spatially distributed (through-membrane plane), temporally-resolved,
and two-phase (liquid and vapor) water model. Neutron imaging techniques
have never before been applied to characterize flooding with a dead-ended
anode and elucidate important issues in water management as well
as provide a means for calibrating and validating a dynamic lumped
parameter fuel cell model.},
doi = {10.1109/ACC.2008.4586879},
keywords = {fuel cells, image processing, anode gas channel, dead-ended anode,
dynamic cell voltage response, dynamic lumped parameter fuel cell
model, flow channel, fuel cell water dynamics, gas diffusion layer,
liquid water, neutron imaging, polymer electrolyte membrane fuel
cell, water management},
owner = {siegeljb},
timestamp = {2009.02.06},
url = {http://www.umich.edu/~siegeljb/My_Papers/04586879.pdf}
}
@article{Siegel2008JECS,
author = {Siegel, Jason B. and McKay, Denise A. and Stefanopoulou, Anna G.
and Hussey , Daniel S. and Jacobson, David L.},
title = {Measurement of Liquid Water Accumulation in a {PEMFC} with Dead-Ended
Anode},
journal = {J. Electrochem. Soc.},
year = {2008},
volume = {155},
pages = {B1168-B1178},
number = {11},
abstract = {The operation and accumulation of liquid water within the cell structure
of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) with a dead-ended
anode is observed using neutron imaging. The measurements are performed
on a single cell with 53 cm2 active area, Nafion 111-IP membrane,
and carbon cloth gas diffusion layer. Even though dry hydrogen is
supplied to the anode via pressure regulation, accumulation of liquid
water in the anode gas distribution channels was observed in most
tested conditions. Moreover, the accumulation of liquid water in
the anode channels is followed by a significant voltage drop. Anode
purges and cathode surges are also used as a diagnostic tool for
differentiating between anode and cathode water flooding. The rate
of accumulation of liquid water, and its impact on the rate of cell
voltage drop is shown for a range of temperature, current density,
cathode inlet RH, and air stoichiometric conditions. Operating the
fuel cell under dead-ended anode conditions offers the opportunity
to observe water dynamics and measured cell voltage during large
and repeatable transients.},
doi = {10.1149/1.2976356},
keywords = {current density; electrochemical electrodes; humidity; neutron diffraction;
proton exchange membrane fuel cells; water},
owner = {siegeljb},
publisher = {ECS},
timestamp = {2009.02.06},
url = {http://www.umich.edu/~siegeljb/My_Papers/JES0B1168.pdf}
}
@conference{Siegel2008b,
author = {Siegel, Jason B. and McKay, Denise and Stefanopoulou, Anna},
title = {Measurement of Liquid Water Accumulation in a Proton Exchange Membrane
Fuel Cell with Dead-Ended Anode},
booktitle = {Proc. of the 6th International Fuel Cell Science Engineering and
Technology},
year = {2008},
note = {FuelCell2008-65053},
abstract = {The operation and accumulation of liquid water within the cell structure
of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) with a dead-ended
anode is observed using neutron imaging. The measurements are performed
on a single cell with 53 square centimeter active area, Nafion 111-IP
membrane and carbon cloth Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL). Even though
dry hydrogen is supplied to the anode via pressure regulation, accumulation
of liquid water in the anode gas distribution channels was observed
for all current densities up to 566 mA cm−2 and 100% cathode humidification.
The accumulation of liquid water in the anode channels is followed
by a significant voltage drop even if there is no buildup of water
in the cathode channels. Anode purges and cathode surges are also
used as a diagnostic tool for differentiating between anode and cathode
water flooding. The rate of accumulation of anode liquid water, and
its impact on the rate of cell voltage drop is shown for a range
of temperature, current density, cathode relative humidity and air
stoichiometric conditions. Neutron imaging of the water while operating
the fuel cell under dead-ended anode conditions offers the opportunity
to observe water dynamics and measured cell voltage during large
and repeatable transients.},
owner = {siegeljb},
timestamp = {2009.02.26},
url = {http://www.umich.edu/~siegeljb/My_Papers/MCP000757.pdf}
}
@conference{Siegel2010ECS,
author = {Jason B. Siegel and Anna G. Stefanopoulou},
title = {Reduced Complexity Models for Water Management and Anode Purge Scheduling in DEA Operation of PEMFC},
booktitle = {ECS Meeting Abstracts},
year = {2010},
volume = {1002},
number = {10},
pages = {766-766},
publisher = {ECS},
comment = {In this work, the dynamic behavior of Fuel Cell operation under Dead-Ended
Anode conditions is shown. A DEA can be fed with dry hydrogen, since
water crossing through the membrane is sufficient to humidify the
fuel. The reduced requirements for inlet humidification yield a system
with lower cost and weight compared to FCs with flow-through or recirculated
anodes. The accumulation of water and nitrogen in the anode channel
is first observed near the outlet. A stratified pattern develops
in the channel where a hydrogen-rich area sits above a depleted region
and is stabilized by the effect of gravity. A model is presented
which describes the dynamic evolution of a blanketing N2 front in
the anode channel and a hydrogen starved region. Understanding, modeling,
and predicting the front evolution can reduce the H2 wasted during
purges, avoid over drying the membrane, and mitigate degradation
associated with hydrogen starved areas.},
journal = {ECS Meeting Abstracts},
owner = {siegeljb},
timestamp = {2010.09.22},
url = {http://www.umich.edu/~siegeljb/My_Papers/ECS_Meeting_2010.pdf}
}
@conference{SiegelACC10,
author = {Jason B. Siegel and Anna G. Stefanopoulou},
title = {Parameterization of {GDL} Liquid Water Front Propagation and Channel
Accumulation for Anode Purge Scheduling in Fuel Cells},
booktitle = {Proc. of the 2010 American Control Conference},
year = {2010},
abstract = {This paper parameterizes the 0-dimensional model of liquid water front
evolution associated with: (1) water transport through the membrane,
and (2) accumulation and transport of liquid water in the Gas Diffusion
Layer (GDL) originally presented in [1]. We add here vapor transport
into and out of the channels and liquid water removal from the anode
channel during a purge. This completely describes a model for purge
scheduling, to avoid anode channel plugging, and to prevent over-drying
of the membrane. The model is parameterized using two tunable and
one experimentally identified parameter to match the rate of liquid
water accumulation in the anode channel that was observed via neutron
imaging of an operational 53 cm2 PEMFC. Simulation results for the
GDL and Membrane model augmented with a lumped channel model are
presented and compared with measured liquid water values.},
owner = {siegeljb},
timestamp = {2010.01.06},
url = {http://www.umich.edu/~siegeljb/My_Papers/05531386.pdf}
}
@conference{Siegel2009a,
author = {Siegel, J. B. and Stefanopoulou, A. G.},
title = {Through the Membrane \& Along the Channel Flooding in {PEMFCs}},
booktitle = {Proc. of the 2009 American Control Conference},
year = {2009},
pages = {2666-2671},
month = {June},
abstract = {Neutron imaging of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC)
revealed distinct patterns of water fronts moving through the gas
diffusion layers (GDL) and channels. The PEMFC was operating with
dead-ended, straight and almost vertically-oriented anode channels;
hence the gravity driven accumulation of liquid water at the end
of the channel caused flooding in an upward direction. In order to
predict the spatiotemporal evolution of water patterns inside severely-flooded
fuel cells, various distributed parameter models of the water transport
through the membrane and GDLs to the cathode and anode channels have
been developed by the authors and others. In this paper, a zero-dimensional
moving front model is presented which captures the location of the
water phase transition inside the GDL, instead of using the standard
partial differential equation (PDE) approach for modeling liquid
water in porous media which is numerically difficult to solve. This
model uses three nonlinear states (the anode and cathode GDL front
location and the membrane water content) and three inputs (the anode
and cathode vapor concentration and the current density) to predict
the slowly evolving front locations in both anode and cathode side
GDLs during flooding and drying as well as the dynamic changes in
membrane water content. The unit cell model is finally formulated
with three hybrid modes and their transition laws. The hybrid-state
model will be parameterized in the future using experimentally observed
front evolutions. This parameterized unit cell model will be used
to model the water accumulation along the channel in order to predict
and avoid severe flooding conditions.},
doi = {10.1109/ACC.2009.5160290},
issn = {0743-1619},
keywords = {diffusion, partial differential equations, proton exchange membrane
fuel cells, spatiotemporal phenomenaPEMFC, channel flooding, gas
diffusion layers, hybrid state model, membrane water content, neutron
imaging, parameterized unit cell, partial differential equation,
polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell, porous media, spatiotemporal
evolution, water accumulation, water patterns, water phase transition},
owner = {siegeljb},
timestamp = {2009.09.14},
url = {http://www.umich.edu/~siegeljb/My_Papers/05160290.pdf}
}
@book{Siegel2010Handbook,
title = {{ \emph{``Purge Scheduling for Dead-Ended Anode Operation of PEM
Fuel Cells,''} } {The Control Handbook: Control System Applications,
Second Edition}},
publisher = {CRC Press},
year = {2010},
editor = {William S. Levine},
author = {Siegel, Jason B. and Stefanopoulou, Anna G. and Ripaccioli, Giulio
and Di Cairano, Stefano},
owner = {siegeljb},
timestamp = {2010.04.01}
}
@conference{Siegel2011ASME,
author = {Siegel, Jason B. and Stefanopoulou, Anna G. and Yesilyurt, Serhat},
title = {Modeling and Experiments of Voltage Transients of PEM Fuel Cells
with the Dead-Ended Anode},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 9th Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology
Conference},
year = {2011},
number = {ESFuelCell2011-54768},
address = {Washington DC},
organization = {ASME},
abstract = {The operation of PEM fuel cells (PEMFC) with dead-ended anode (DEA)
leads to severe voltage transients due to accumulation of nitrogen,
water vapor and liquid water in the anode channels and the gas diffusion
layer (GDL). Accumulation of nitrogen causes a large voltage transient
with a characteristic profile whereas the amount of water vapor in
the anode is limited by the saturation pressure, and the liquid water
takes up very small volume at the bottom of the anode channels in
the case of downward orientation of the gravity. Here, we present
a transient 1D along-the-channel model of PEMFCs operating with periodically-purged
DEA channels. In the model, transport of species is modeled by the
Maxwell-Stefan equations coupled with constraint equations for the
cell voltage. A simple resistance model is used for the membrane
to express the permeance of nitrogen and transport of water through
the membrane. The model results agree very well with experimental
results for the voltage transients of the PEMFC operating with DEA.
In order to emphasize the effect of nitrogen accumulation in the
anode, we present experimentally obtained cell voltage measurements
during DEA transients, when the cathode is supplied with pure oxygen.
In the absence of nitrogen in the cathode, voltage remained almost
constant throughout the transient. Then, the model is used to determine
the effect of oxygen-to-nitrogen feed ratio in the cathode on the
voltage transient behavior for different load currents. Lastly, the
model is used to show the effect of the small amount of leak from
the anode exit on the voltage transient; even for leak rates as low
as less than 10 ml/h, nitrogen accumulation in the anode channels
is alleviated and the cell voltage remained almost constant throughout
the transient.},
owner = {siegeljb},
timestamp = {2011.08.06},
url = {http://www.umich.edu/~siegeljb/My_Papers/ESFuelCell2011-54768.pdf}
}
@conference{Siegel2010ASMEFC,
author = {Siegel, Jason B. and Stefanopoulou, Anna G. and Yesilyurt, Serhat},
title = {MODELING AND SIMULATIONS OF {PEMFC}s OPERATING WITH PERIODICALLY
PURGED DEAD-ENDED ANODE CHANNELS},
booktitle = {Proc. of the 8th International Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and
Technology Conference},
year = {2010},
number = {FuelCell2010-33341},
address = {Brooklyn, New York, USA},
month = {June 14-16},
abstract = {PEMFC operation with dead-ended anode has inherent transient behavior:
the cell operates between purge cycles that replenish fuel and discharge
accumulated gases, such as nitrogen and water vapor, and liquid water.
During the operation when the anode exit is shut, gases that cross-over
from the cathode accumulate and stratify in the anode channels above
the liquid water when the gravity is acting in the flow direction.
In this work, we present transient two-dimensional along the channel
model and simulations of the PEMFC operating with a deadended anode.
Transport of gas species in flow channels and gas diffusion layers
is modeled by Maxwell-Stefan equations. Flow in the channels is modeled
by laminarized Navier-Stokes equations, where the inertial terms
are dropped from the force balance, but the buoyancy effect due to
the variation of the composition of gas mixture is included at the
anode side. Flow in the gas diffusion layers is modeled by Darcy’s
Law. Permeation of nitrogen in the membrane is considered since it
can accumulate in the anode as opposed to instant reaction of oxygen
(hydrogen) at the anode (cathode) catalyst layer(s). Membrane is
considered as a resistance (interface) to transport of water vapor
and nitrogen. Ohm’s Law is used to model the transport of charged
particles, i.e. electrons in the electrodes and flow plates and protons
in the membrane. Finite-element representation of the governing equations
in the 2D PEMFC geometry and subject to boundary conditions mimicking
experimental conditions is solved using a commercial multiphysics
software, COMSOL. According to model results reversible voltage degradation
between purge cycles is mostly due to nitrogen accumulation in the
anode that leads to partial fuel starvation in the cell.},
owner = {siegeljb},
timestamp = {2010.04.01},
url = {http://www.umich.edu/~siegeljb/My_Papers/Fuelcell2010-33341-FINAL.pdf}
}
@conference{Siegel2015vppc,
author = {Siegel, Jason B. and Wang, Yuanzhan and Stefanopoulou, Anna G. and
McCain, Buz A.},
title = {Comparison of SOFC and PEM Fuel Cell Hybrid Power Management Strategies
for Mobile Robots},
booktitle = {IEEE-Vehicular Power and Propulsion Conference},
year = {2015},
owner = {siegeljb},
timestamp = {2015.10.07}
}
@conference{Siegel2009,
author = {Siegel, Jason B. and Yesilyurt, Serhat and Stefanopoulou, Anna G.},
title = {Extracting Model Parameters and Paradigms from Neutron Imaging of
Dead-Ended Anode Operation},
booktitle = {Proc. of the 7th International Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and
Technology Conference},
year = {2009},
abstract = {In a PEMFC, feeding dry hydrogen into a dead-ended anode (DEA), reduces
the overall system cost, weight and volume due to reduced need for
a hydrogen-grade humidification and recirculation subsystems, but
requires purging to remove the accumulated water and inert gas. Although
the DEA method of operation might be undesirable due to its associated
high spatial variability it provides a unique perspective on the
evolution of the water accumulation in the anode. Sections of the
channel nearest the inlets are significantly drier than those nearest
the outlet as shown in the neutron imaging of a 53 cm2 PEMFC. This
method allows in-situ visualization of distinct patterns, including
water front propagation along the channels. In this paper we utilize
neutron imaging of the liquid water distributions and a previously
developed PDE model of liquid water flow in the GDL to (a) identify
a range of numerical values for the immobile saturation limit, (b)
propose a gravity-driven liquid flow in the channels, and (c) derive
the two-phase GDL boundary conditions associated with the presence
of liquid water in the channel.},
owner = {siegeljb},
timestamp = {2009.02.27},
url = {http://www.umich.edu/~siegeljb/My_Papers/MCP000439.pdf}
}
@conference{Yesilyurt2009,
author = {Serhat Yesilyurt and Jason Siegel and Anna Stefanopoulou},
title = {Effects of Nitrogen and Water Accumulation in the Dead-Ended-Anode Operation of PEM Fuel Cells},
booktitle = {ECS Meeting Abstracts},
year = {2009},
volume = {901},
number = {6},
pages = {359-359},
journal = {ECS Meeting Abstracts},
owner = {siegeljb},
timestamp = {2010.09.22},
url = {http://www.umich.edu/~siegeljb/My_Papers/ECA000359.pdf}
}
@article{Yesilyurt2012,
author = {Yesilyurt, Serhat and Siegel, Jason B. and Stefanopoulou, Anna G.},
title = {Modeling and Experiments of Voltage Transients of Polymer Electrolyte
Membrane Fuel Cells With the {Dead-Ended} Anode},
journal = {Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology},
year = {2012},
volume = {9},
pages = {021012},
number = {2},
month = {April},
abstract = {Operation of PEM fuel cells (PEMFC) with the dead-ended anode (DEA)
leads to severe voltage transients due to accumulation of nitrogen,
water vapor and liquid water in the anode channels and the gas diffusion
layer (GDL). Accumulation of nitrogen causes a large voltage transient
with a characteristic profile whereas the amount of water vapor in
the anode is limited by the saturation pressure, and the liquid water
takes up very small volume at the bottom of the anode channels in
the case of downward orientation of the gravity. We present a transient
1D along-the-channel model of PEMFCs operating with periodically-purged
DEA channels. In the model, transport of species is modeled by the
Maxwell-Stefan equations coupled with constraint equations for the
cell voltage. A simple resistance model is used for the permeance
of nitrogen and transport of water through the membrane. Simulation
results agree very well with experimental results for voltage transients
of the PEMFC operating with the DEA. In order to emphasize the effect
of nitrogen accumulation in the anode, we present experimentally
obtained cell voltage measurements during DEA transients when the
cathode is supplied with pure oxygen. In the absence of nitrogen
in the cathode, voltage remained almost constant throughout the transient.
The model is used to demonstrate the effect of oxygen-to-nitrogen
feed ratio in the cathode on the voltage transient behavior for different
load currents. Lastly, the effect of small leaks from the anode exit
on the voltage transient is studied: even for leak rates as low as
10 ml/h, nitrogen accumulation in the anode channels is alleviated
and the cell voltage remained almost constant throughout the transient
according to the results.},
doi = {10.1115/1.4005626},
issn = {{1550624X}},
owner = {siegeljb},
timestamp = {2012.07.10},
url = {http://www.umich.edu/~siegeljb/My_Papers/FCT021012.pdf}
}
@conference{Sreedhar2017,
author = {Sreedhar, Sunil and Siegel, Jason and Choi, Saemin},
title = {Topology Comparison for 48V Battery-Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System},
booktitle = {In Proc. of the 2017 IFAC},
year = {2017}
}
@conference{Cimini2017,
author = {Cimini, Gionata and Kim, Youngki and McCain, Buz and Siegel, Jason and Stefanopoulou, Anna G.},
title = {Model Predictive Control for Real-Time Position Tracking of a Catenary-Free Tram (I)},
booktitle = {In Proc. of the 2017 IFAC},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Wang201658,
author = {Wang, Y. and Siegel, J.B. and Stefanopoulou, A.G.},
title = {Control Strategies for Power Quantized Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid Powertrains: In Mobile Robot Applications},
journal = {SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains},
year = {2016},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {58-67},
document_type = {Article},
doi = {10.4271/2016-01-0317},
source = {Scopus},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84975855911&doi=10.4271%2f2016-01-0317&partnerID=40&md5=26063010d19e27cde09c488de6b23a42}
}
@conference{Mohan20161589,
author = {Mohan, S. and Siegel, J. and Stefanopoulou, A.G. and Castanier, M. and Ding, Y.},
title = {Synthesis of an energy-optimal self-heating strategy for Li-ion batteries},
year = {2016},
pages = {1589-1594},
art_number = {7798492},
document_type = {Conference Paper},
doi = {10.1109/CDC.2016.7798492},
journal = {2016 IEEE 55th Conference on Decision and Control, CDC 2016},
source = {Scopus},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85010722925&doi=10.1109%2fCDC.2016.7798492&partnerID=40&md5=cff542cdbe4f73f3ab5c8b4586257bf7}
}
@conference{SamadECSmtg2016,
author = {Abdul Samad, Nassim and Kim, Youngki and Siegel, Jason B and Stefanopoulou, Anna G},
title = {Novel Method for Using Force in Incremental Capacity Analysis for Capacity Fading Estimation},
booktitle = {In Proc. of the 229th ECS MEETING May 29-June 2, 2016 San Diego, CA.},
year = {2016},
volume = {MA2016-01},
number = {4},
pages = {450},
journal = {Meeting Abstracts}
}
@conference{SiegelECS_mtg2016,
author = {Siegel, Jason B. and Stefanopoulou, Anna G},
title = {(Invited) Modeling and Control of Pemfcs with Dead-Ended Anodes},
booktitle = {In Proc. of the 229th ECS MEETING May 29-June 2, 2016 San Diego, CA.},
year = {2016},
volume = {MA2016-01},
number = {27},
pages = {1337},
journal = {Meeting Abstracts}
}
@article{Garikipati2017,
author = {Zhenlin Wang and Jason Siegel and Krishna Garikipati},
title = {Intercalation Driven Porosity Effects in Coupled Continuum Models for the Electrical, Chemical, Thermal and Mechanical Response of Battery Electrode Materials},
journal = {J. Electrochem. Soc. 2017 volume 164, issue 9, A2199-A2212},
year = {2017},
volume = {164},
number = {9},
pages = {A2199-A2212},
doi = {10.1149/2.0081712jes}
}
@article{Knobloch2018,
author = {Knobloch, Aaron and Kapusta, Chris and Karp, Jason and Plotnikov, Yuri and Siegel, Jason and Stefanopoulou, Anna},
title = {Fabrication of Multi-Measurand Sensor for Monitoring of a Li-ion Battery},
journal = {ASME Journal of Electronic Packaging},
year = {2018}
}
@inproceedings{Knobloch2017IEEEsensors,
author = {A. Knobloch and J. Karp and Y. Plotnikov and C. Kapusta and J. Siegel and N. Samad and A. Stefanopoulou},
booktitle = {2017 IEEE SENSORS},
title = {Novel thin temperature and expansion sensors for li-ion battery monitoring},
year = {2017},
month = oct,
pages = {1-3},
doi = {10.1109/ICSENS.2017.8234066}
}
@article{Samad_2018_JES,
author = {Nassim A. Samad and Youngki Kim and Jason B. Siegel},
title = {On power denials and lost energy opportunities in downsizing battery packs in hybrid electric vehicles},
journal = {Journal of Energy Storage},
year = {2018},
volume = {16},
pages = {187--196},
month = {apr},
doi = {10.1016/j.est.2018.01.013},
publisher = {Elsevier {BV}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.est.2018.01.013}
}
@inproceedings{Nazari2018_WCX,
author = {Nazari, Shima and Middleton, Robert and Sugimori, Kanji and Siegel, Jason and Stefanopoulou, Anna},
title = {Assessing a Hybrid Supercharged Engine for Highly Diluted Combustion Using a Dynamic Drive Cycle Simulation},
booktitle = {WCX World Congress Experience},
year = {2018},
month = {apr},
publisher = {SAE International},
abstract = {This study uses full drive cycle simulation to compare the fuel consumption of a vehicle with a turbocharged engine to the same vehicle with an alternative boosting technology, namely, a hybrid supercharger, in which a planetary gear mechanism governs the power split to the supercharger between the crankshaft and a 48 V 5 kW electric motor. Conventional mechanically-driven superchargers or electric superchargers have been proposed to improve the dynamic response of boosted engines, but their projected fuel efficiency benefit depends heavily on the engine transient response and driver/cycle aggressiveness. The fuel consumption benefits depend on the closed loop engine responsiveness, the control tuning, and the torque reserve needed for its technology. To perform the drive cycle analysis, a control strategy is designed that minimizes the boost reserve and employs high rates of combustion dilution via exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). The fully dynamic drive cycle results are compared to steady state GT-Power projections, using residence-time spent in various steady state operating points. The fuel consumption benefits enabled by the hybrid supercharger are simulated for the three standard drive cycles, FTP75, HWFET, and US06 and various drivers’ aggressiveness, showing a maximum of 5% improvement.},
issn = {0148-7191}
}
@inproceedings{Siegel2018_WCX,
author = {Siegel, Jason B. and Stefanopoulou, Anna G. and Rizzo, Denise and Prakash, Niket},
title = {Cooling Parasitic Considerations for Optimal Sizing and Power Split Strategy for Military Robot Powered by Hydrogen Fuel Cells},
booktitle = {WCX World Congress Experience},
year = {2018},
month = {apr},
publisher = {SAE International},
abstract = {Military vehicles are typically armored, hence the open surface area for heat rejection is limited. Hence, the cooling parasitic load for a given heat rejection can be considerably higher and important to consider upfront in the system design. Since PEMFCs operate at low temp, the required cooling flow is larger to account for the smaller delta temperature to the air. This research aims to address the combined problem of optimal sizing of the lithium ion battery and PEM Fuel Cell stack along with development of the scalable power split strategy for small a PackBot robot. We will apply scalable physics-based models of the fuel cell stack and balance of plant that includes a realistic and scalable parasitic load from cooling integrated with existing scalable models of the lithium ion battery. This model allows the combined optimization that captures the dominant trends relevant to component sizing and system performance. The baseline optimal performance is assessed using dynamic programming for a reduced order model, by assuming a static cooling load required to maintain the stack at the operating temperature with peak efficiency. Pseudo-spectral optimization methods, which enable fast computation even for larger number of states in the model is then used to consider the additional control of the cooling system. For scaling of the battery in the hybrid system we can use a modular approach, adding cells in parallel and series. If the fuel cell operates always with net power above the peak efficiency point, a simple rule based strategy can nearly recover the optimal fuel consumption achieved with dynamic programming. However, for stack operation at powers near and below the peak eff point the simple rule based strategy performs almost 20% worse than the optimal.},
issn = {0148-7191}
}
@article{Zhang_2017,
author = {Mingxuan Zhang and Jiuyu Du and Lishuo Liu and Anna Stefanopoulou and Jason Siegel and Languang Lu and Xiangming He and Xiaoyi Xie and Minggao Ouyang},
journal = {J Electrochem Soc},
title = {Internal Short Circuit Trigger Method for Lithium-Ion Battery Based on Shape Memory Alloy},
year = {2017},
number = {13},
pages = {A3038--A3044},
volume = {164},
doi = {10.1149/2.0731713jes},
publisher = {The Electrochemical Society}
}
@article{Zhang2017F,
author = {Mingxuan Zhang and Lishuo Liu and Anna Stefanopoulou and Janson Siegel and Languang Lu and Xiangming He and Minggao Ouyang},
journal = {J Electrochem Soc},
title = {Fusing Phenomenon of Lithium-Ion Battery Internal Short Circuit},
year = {2017},
number = {12},
pages = {A2738--A2745},
volume = {164},
doi = {10.1149/2.1721712jes},
publisher = {The Electrochemical Society}
}
@inproceedings{Pannala2018MA,
author = {Pannala, Sravan and Zhang, Mingxuan and Siegel, Jason B and Less, Gregory B and Stefanopoulou, Anna G},
title = {Mechanical Measurements for Early Detection of Thermal Runaway Induced By an Internal Short Circuit},
booktitle = {ECS Meeting Abstracts},
year = {2018},
volume = {MA2018-01},
number = {3},
pages = {368},
url = {http://ma.ecsdl.org/content/MA2018-01/3/368.abstract}
}
@article{Samad2017JDSMC,
author = {Nassim A. Samad and Boyun Wang and Jason B. Siegel and Anna G. Stefanopoulou},
journal = {J. Dyn. Syst. Meas. Contr.},
title = {Parameterization of Battery Electrothermal Models Coupled With Finite Element Flow Models for Cooling},
year = {2017},
month = may,
number = {7},
pages = {071003},
volume = {139},
doi = {10.1115/1.4035742},
publisher = {{ASME} International}
}
@inproceedings{Han2018EHEC,
author = {Han, Y. and Siegel, J. and Rizzo, D. and Yesilyurt, S.},
title = {Temperature and Stress Distributions in micro-Tubular SOFC},
booktitle = {European Hydrogen Energy Conference},
year = {2018},
number = {code107},
month = mar
}
@inproceedings{Poloni2018,
author = {T. Poloni and M. A. Figueroa-Santos and J. B. Siegel and A. G. Stefanopoulou},
booktitle = {2018 Annual American Control Conference (ACC)},
title = {Integration of Non-monotonic Cell Swelling Characteristic for State-of-Charge Estimation},
year = {2018},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {2306-2311},
abstract = {Traditionally, battery State of Charge (SOC) is estimated using measurements of current, temperature, and Terminal Voltage (TV). For some battery chemistry, such as Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP), the voltage is flat (low slope) making the rate of convergence of the SOC estimation relatively slow. In this case, measurement of the cell expansion caused by swelling of the electrode active material during charging can be used to augment the estimation scheme. In previous work [1] [2], the force (F) generated by cell swelling in a constrained package has an affine dependency on SOC. In this paper we consider the LFP chemistry with phase transition of the active electrode material resulting in non-unique F-SOC relation, hence requiring a novel estimator. The non-monotonic (F) could potentially drive any output based observer, like the Linear Quadratic Estimator (LQE), to an incorrect equilibrium. To address this problem, a piecewise-linear (PWL) model is used to approximate the F-SOC curve, which enables the automatic selection of the gain with the correct (positive or negative) slope. The comparison between the TV, F, and the fusion of both sensors is investigated via simulations of a nonlinear higher order model of the battery eletro-mechanical behavior. The electrical battery model is described by an equivalent circuit model and a nonlinear open circuit plus hysteresis model. The performance of the estimators based on the TV and F sensors are compared and evaluated against the ±5% absolute error of the SOC using the Dynamic Stress Test (DST) protocol.},
keywords = {battery charge measurement;battery management systems;electric current measurement;electrochemical electrodes;equivalent circuits;lithium compounds;piecewise linear techniques;secondary cells;temperature measurement;voltage measurement;battery state-of-charge estimation;battery eletromechanical behavior;dynamic stress test protocol;equivalent circuit model;electrical battery model;piecewise-linear model;Linear Quadratic Estimator;active electrode material;phase transition;LFP chemistry;SOC estimation;Lithium Iron Phosphate;nonmonotonic cell swelling characteristic;State of charge;Batteries;Mathematical model;Voltage measurement;Battery charge measurement;Integrated circuit modeling;Force measurement},
doi = {10.23919/ACC.2018.8431237},
issn = {2378-5861},
month = {June}
}
@inproceedings{Lee2018ACC,
author = {S. Lee and P. Mohtat and J. B. Siegel and A. G. Stefanopoulou},
booktitle = {2018 Annual American Control Conference (ACC)},
title = {Beyond Estimating Battery State of Health: Identifiability of Individual Electrode Capacity and Utilization},
year = {2018},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {2288-2293},
abstract = {One of the important aspects of a State of Health (SOH) estimation algorithm is to not only give a measure of the cell capacity but also to provide information on degradation of individual electrodes. In this paper, individual electrode capacity and utilization window are proposed as parameters related to individual electrode degradation. These parameters are then identified using the Open Circuit Voltage (OCV) and their identifiability is studied for different operating windows. The windows are motivated by practical limitations in the availability of data for deep discharged and full charged states in real-world battery applications. The identifiability analysis here is based on the condition number of the normalized sensitivity matrix with respect to the data window size and location. This classical metric is then used to tie the identifiability of the electrode parameters with data acquired around phase transitions of the electrode material. It is shown that having data at phase transitions provides better identifiability of the individual electrode parameters. It is noted that the results agree with the long-established method, Differential Voltage Analysis (DVA), used by electrochemists. In DVA, the terminal voltage data across phase transitions is used to compute shifts in the peak locations in the dV/dQ curve and relate to electrode capacity.},
keywords = {battery management systems;battery powered vehicles;electrochemical electrodes;secondary cells;individual electrode capacity;cell capacity;individual electrode degradation;Open Circuit Voltage;identifiability analysis;data window size;phase transitions;electrode material;individual electrode parameters;terminal voltage data;battery state of health;differential voltage analysis;Electrodes;Electric potential;Graphite;Lithium;Degradation;Batteries;Aging},
doi = {10.23919/ACC.2018.8430743},
issn = {2378-5861},
month = {June}
}
@article{Mohan2018TCST,
author = {S. Mohan and J. B. Siegel and A. G. Stefanopoulou and R. Vasudevan},
journal = ieee_j_cst,
title = {An Energy-Optimal Warm-Up Strategy for Li-Ion Batteries and Its Approximations},
year = {2018},
issn = {1063-6536},
pages = {1-16},
abstract = {The resistance of lithium-ion cells increases at subzero temperatures reducing the cells' power availability. One way to improve a cell's performance in these adverse operation conditions is to proactively heat them. This paper considers the scenario in which a cell is heated from both inside and outside; a current is drawn from the cell to power a convective heater and Joule heating warms the cell from inside. A method to derive the time-limited energy-optimal current policy is presented, analyzed, and numerically solved. It is proven that the optimal current policy is a sequence of constant voltage, constant current, and rest phases. Using this observation, two rule-based approximations of the optimal solution are presented and their relative performance is compared to conclude that the inclusion of the rest phase has the potential to decrease energy consumption by ~9%. To build and compare these approximations, new tools related to the estimation of the time-limited backward reachable set of nonlinear systems are presented.},
doi = {10.1109/TCST.2017.2785833},
keywords = {Heating systems;Heat transfer;Lithium-ion batteries;Estimation;State of charge;Atmospheric modeling;Approximate solution;feasibility;feedback control;lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries;measure abstraction;optimal control;reachabilty;self-heating;subzero temperatures;warm-up.}
}
@inproceedings{Nazari2018ACC,
author = {S. Nazari and R. Kiwan and J. Siegel and A. Stefanopoulou},
booktitle = {2018 Annual American Control Conference (ACC)},
title = {Waste Energy Recovery Through Turbo Generation: “Unexpected Fuel Efficiency Sweet Spot for Transient Control.”},
year = {2018},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {13-18},
abstract = {A non-intuitive aspect of the transient management of a waste energy recovery (WER) system on a small turbocharged gasoline engine is presented in this work. The WER system is realized with a positive displacement expander and an electric motor, named exhaust turbo generating (ETG) system. The steady state simulations indicate that for a range of medium loads it can provide up to 5.5% reduction in the fuel consumption. For this, the ETG system set point and the engine spark timing, which is affected by the extra imposed backpressure, are optimized offline. The decentralized control design presented in this work warrants effective actuator coordination including five controlling actuators on the engine level and two for the ETG system. A sliding mode controller is designed for controlling the ETG speed with different closed loop bandwidths. The results indicate that the optimum control strategy is not the one with the fastest closed loop ETG response. Specifically, one would expect that the fastest transients would be better in maintaining the benefits that were projected in steady state GT-Power simulations. With this work, it is clarified for the first time that the ETG control design tuned to optimize the transitions to optimal rotational speed is as important as the actual selection of these steady state optimal set points, which has been studied extensively in the past.},
keywords = {closed loop systems;compressors;control system synthesis;decentralised control;exhaust systems;fuel systems;internal combustion engines;optimal control;optimisation;position control;recycling;variable structure systems;WER system;fuel consumption;ETG system;engine spark timing;decentralized control design;engine level;sliding mode controller;ETG speed;optimum control strategy;steady state GT-Power simulations;ETG control design;steady state optimal set points;waste energy recovery;turbo generation;transient management;turbocharged gasoline engine;exhaust turbo;actuator coordination;closed loop bandwidths;closed loop ETG response;fuel efficiency sweet spot;Engines;Valves;Fuels;Steady-state;Torque;Transient analysis;Timing},
doi = {10.23919/ACC.2018.8431707},
issn = {2378-5861},
month = {June}
}
@article{Lin_2020TCST,
author = {Xinfan Lin and Hector E. Perez and Jason B. Siegel and Anna G. Stefanopoulou},
journal = {{IEEE} Transactions on Control Systems Technology},
title = {Robust Estimation of Battery System Temperature Distribution Under Sparse Sensing and Uncertainty},
year = {2020},
month = {may},
number = {3},
pages = {753--765},
volume = {28},
doi = {10.1109/tcst.2019.2892019},
publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}
}
@article{Djire_2018,
author = {Abdoulaye Djire and Jason B. Siegel and Olabode Ajenifujah and Lilin He and Levi T. Thompson},
title = {Pseudocapacitive storage via micropores in high-surface area molybdenum nitrides},
journal = {Nano Energy},
year = {2018},
volume = {51},
pages = {122--127},
month = {sep},
doi = {10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.06.045},
publisher = {Elsevier {BV}}
}
@inproceedings{cai2018modeling,
author = {Cai, Ting and Stefanopoulou, Anna G and Siegel, Jason B},
title = {Modeling Li-Ion Battery Thermal Runaway Using a Three Section Thermal Model},
booktitle = {ASME 2018 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference},
year = {2018},
pages = {V002T28A003--V002T28A003},
organization = {American Society of Mechanical Engineers}
}
@inproceedings{lee2018comparison,
author = {Lee, Suhak and Siegel, Jason B and Stefanopoulou, Anna G and Lee, Jang-Woo and Lee, Tae-Kyung},
title = {Comparison of Individual-Electrode State of Health Estimation Methods for Lithium Ion Battery},
booktitle = {ASME 2018 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference},
year = {2018},
pages = {V002T19A002--V002T19A002},
organization = {American Society of Mechanical Engineers}
}
@inproceedings{abbas2018optimization,
author = {Abbas, H. and Kim, Y. and Siegel, J. B. and Rizzo, D. M.},
title = {Optimization of Energy-Efficient Speed Profile for Electrified Vehicles},
booktitle = {ASME. Dynamic Systems and Control Conference},
year = {2018},
pages = {DSCC2018-9138},
doi = {10.1115/DSCC2018-9138},
journal = {ASME. Dynamic Systems and Control Conference}
}
@inproceedings{nazari2019equivalent,
author = {Nazari, Shima and Middleton, Robert and Siegel, Jason and Stefanopoulou, Anna},
title = {Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy for a Power Split Supercharger},
booktitle = {SAE Technical Paper},
year = {2019}
}
@article{Abbas2019,
author = {Hadi Abbas and Youngki Kim and Jason B. Siegel and Denise Rizzo},
journal = {J. Dyn. Syst. Meas. Contr.},
title = {Synthesis of Pontryagin{\textquotesingle}s Maximum Principle Analysis for Speed Profile Optimization of All-Electrified Vehicles},
year = {2019},
month = {mar},
doi = {10.1115/1.4043117},
publisher = {{ASME} International}
}
@article{MohtatJPS2019,
author = {Peyman Mohtat and Suhak Lee and Jason B. Siegel and Anna G. Stefanopoulou},
journal = {J. Power Sources},
title = {Towards better estimability of electrode-specific state of health: {D}ecoding the cell expansion},
year = {2019},
month = {jul},
pages = {101--111},
volume = {427},
doi = {10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.03.104},
publisher = {Elsevier {BV}}
}
@article{Kim2019APEN,
author = {Youngki Kim and Miriam Figueroa-Santos and Niket Prakash and Stanley Baek and Jason B. Siegel and Denise M. Rizzo},
journal = {Appl. Energy},
title = {Co-optimization of speed trajectory and power management for a fuel-cell/battery electric vehicle},
year = {2020},
month = {feb},
pages = {114254},
volume = {260},
doi = {10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.114254},
publisher = {Elsevier {BV}}
}
@article{Xu2019,
author = {Xu, Shanshan and Chen, Kuan-Hung and Dasgupta, Neil P. and Siegel, Jason B. and Stefanopoulou, Anna G.},
journal = {J Electrochem Soc},
title = {Evolution of Dead Lithium Growth in Lithium Metal Batteries:Experimentally Validated Model of the Apparent Capacity Loss},
year = {2019},
number = {14},
pages = {A1-A8},
volume = {166},
doi = {10.1149/2.0991914jes}
}
@article{Cai_2021etrans,
author = {Ting Cai and Puneet Valecha and Vivian Tran and Brian Engle and Anna Stefanopoulou and Jason Siegel},
journal = {{eTransportation}},
title = {Detection of Li-ion battery failure and venting with Carbon Dioxide sensors},
year = {2021},
month = {feb},
pages = {100100},
volume = {7},
doi = {10.1016/j.etran.2020.100100},
publisher = {Elsevier {BV}}
}
@article{Chu_2020JPS,
author = {Howie N. Chu and Sun Ung Kim and Saeed Khaleghi Rahimian and Jason B. Siegel and Charles W. Monroe},
journal = {J Power Sources},
title = {Parameterization of prismatic lithium{\textendash}iron{\textendash}phosphate cells through a streamlined thermal/electrochemical model},
year = {2020},
month = {mar},
pages = {227787},
volume = {453},
doi = {10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.227787},
publisher = {Elsevier {BV}}
}
@article{Lee_2020JES,
author = {Suhak Lee and Jason B. Siegel and Anna G. Stefanopoulou and Jang-Woo Lee and Tae-Kyung Lee},
journal = {J Electrochem Soc},
title = {Electrode State of Health Estimation for Lithium Ion Batteries Considering Half-cell Potential Change Due to Aging},
year = {2020},
month = {may},
number = {9},
pages = {090531},
volume = {167},
doi = {10.1149/1945-7111/ab8c83},
publisher = {The Electrochemical Society}
}
@article{Nazari_2020IJER,
author = {Shima Nazari and Jason Siegel and Anna Stefanopoulou},
journal = {International Journal of Engine Research},
title = {Control of hybrid boosting in highly diluted internal combustion engines},
year = {2020},
month = {jul},
number = {6},
pages = {1794--1807},
volume = {22},
doi = {10.1177/1468087420929769},
publisher = {{SAGE} Publications}
}
@inproceedings{Cai_2020ACC,
author = {Ting Cai and Sravan Pannala and Anna G. Stefanopoulou and Jason B. Siegel},
booktitle = {2020 American Control Conference ({ACC})},
title = {Battery Internal Short Detection Methodology Using Cell Swelling Measurements},
year = {2020},
month = {jul},
publisher = {{IEEE}},
doi = {10.23919/ACC45564.2020.9147956}
}
@article{Mohtat_2020,
author = {Peyman Mohtat and Suhak Lee and Valentin Sulzer and Jason B. Siegel and Anna G. Stefanopoulou},
journal = {J Electrochem Soc},
title = {Differential Expansion and Voltage Model for Li-ion Batteries at Practical Charging Rates},
year = {2020},
month = {jul},
number = {11},
pages = {110561},
volume = {167},
doi = {10.1149/1945-7111/aba5d1},
publisher = {The Electrochemical Society}
}
@article{Movahedi_2020,
author = {Hamidreza Movahedi and Miriam A. Figueroa-Santos and Jason B. Siegel and Anna G. Stefanopoulou and Rajesh Rajamani},
journal = {Advanced Control for Applications: Engineering and Industrial Systems},
title = {Hybrid nonlinear observer for battery state-of-charge estimation using nonmonotonic force measurements},
year = {2020},
month = jul,
pages = {e38},
doi = {10.1002/adc2.38},
publisher = {Wiley}
}
@inproceedings{Sulzer_2020ECS,
author = {Valentin Sulzer and Jason B. Siegel and Peyman Mohtat and Vishal Srivastava and Karthik Duraisamy},
booktitle = {In Proc. of the {ECS} Meeting Abstracts},
title = {Electrochemical Modeling of {PEM} Fuel Cells},
year = {2020},
month = nov,
number = {33},
pages = {2096--2096},
publisher = {The Electrochemical Society},
volume = {{MA}2020-02},
doi = {10.1149/MA2020-02332096mtgabs}
}
@inproceedings{Cai_2020ECS,
author = {Ting Cai and Brian Engle and Anna G. Stefanopoulou and Jason B. Siegel},
booktitle = {In Proc. of the {ECS} Meeting Abstracts},
title = {Sensing Elevated Carbon Dioxide Levels for Detecting Battery Cell Venting in Packs},
year = {2020},
month = nov,
number = {6},
pages = {1057--1057},
publisher = {The Electrochemical Society},
volume = {{MA}2020-02},
doi = {10.1149/MA2020-0261057mtgabs}
}
@inproceedings{Drallmeier_2019DSCC,
author = {Joseph A. Drallmeier and Jason B. Siegel and Anna G. Stefanopoulou},
booktitle = {2019 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference: Automotive Systems},
title = {{Comparison of Estimation Techniques for the Crankshaft Dynamics of an Opposed Piston Engine}},
year = {2019},
month = oct,
publisher = {American Society of Mechanical Engineers},
doi = {10.1115/DSCC2019-9206}
}
@article{Nazari_2020Energies,
author = {Shima Nazari and Jason Siegel and Robert Middleton and Anna Stefanopoulou},
journal = {Energies},
title = {Power Split Supercharging: A Mild Hybrid Approach to Boost Fuel Economy},
year = {2020},
month = dec,
number = {24},
pages = {6580},
volume = {13},
doi = {10.3390/en13246580},
publisher = {{MDPI} {AG}}
}
@article{Figueroa_Santos_2020Energies,
author = {Miriam A. Figueroa-Santos and Jason B. Siegel and Anna G. Stefanopoulou},
journal = {Energies},
title = {Leveraging Cell Expansion Sensing in State of Charge Estimation: Practical Considerations},
year = {2020},
month = {may},
number = {10},
pages = {2653},
volume = {13},
doi = {10.3390/en13102653},
publisher = {{MDPI} {AG}}
}
@article{Lee_2020_informatics,
author = {Suhak Lee and Peyman Mohtat and Jason B. Siegel and Anna G. Stefanopoulou and Jang-Woo Lee and Tae-Kyung Lee},
journal = {{IEEE} Transactions on Industrial Informatics},
title = {Estimation Error Bound of Battery Electrode Parameters With Limited Data Window},
year = {2020},
month = {may},
number = {5},
pages = {3376--3386},
volume = {16},
doi = {10.1109/TII.2019.2952066},
publisher = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})}
}
@article{Sulzer_2021,
author = {Valentin Sulzer and Peyman Mohtat and Antti Aitio and Suhak Lee and Yen T. Yeh and Frank Steinbacher and Muhammad Umer Khan and Jang Woo Lee and Jason B. Siegel and Anna G. Stefanopoulou and David A. Howey},
journal = {Joule},
title = {The challenge and opportunity of battery lifetime prediction from field data},
year = {2021},
month = {aug},
number = {8},
pages = {1934--1955},
volume = {5},
doi = {10.1016/j.joule.2021.06.005},
publisher = {Elsevier {BV}}
}
@article{Lee_2021,
author = {Suhak Lee and Youngki Kim and Jason B. Siegel and Anna G. Stefanopoulou},
journal = {Journal of Energy Storage},
title = {Optimal control for fast acquisition of equilibrium voltage for Li-ion batteries},
year = {2021},
month = {aug},
pages = {102814},
volume = {40},
doi = {10.1016/j.est.2021.102814},
publisher = {Elsevier {BV}}
}
@inproceedings{Pannala_2021ACC,
author = {Sravan Pannala and Puneet Valecha and Peyman Mohtat and Jason B. Siegel and Anna G. Stefanopoulou},
booktitle = {2021 American Control Conference ({ACC})},
title = {Electrochemical Battery State Estimation Under Parameter Uncertainty Caused by Aging Using Expansion Measurements},
year = {2021},
month = {may},
publisher = {{IEEE}},
doi = {10.23919/acc50511.2021.9482886}
}
@inproceedings{Sulzer_2021ACC,
author = {Valentin Sulzer and Peyman Mohtat and Suhak Lee and Jason B. Siegel and Anna G. Stefanopoulou},
booktitle = {2021 American Control Conference ({ACC})},
title = {Promise and Challenges of a Data-Driven Approach for Battery Lifetime Prognostics},
year = {2021},
month = {may},
publisher = {{IEEE}},
doi = {10.23919/acc50511.2021.9483312}
}
@article{Lin_2019ARCRAS,
author = {Xinfan Lin and Youngki Kim and Shankar Mohan and Jason B. Siegel and Anna G. Stefanopoulou},
journal = {Annual Review of Control, Robotics, and Autonomous Systems},
title = {Modeling and Estimation for Advanced Battery Management},
year = {2019},
month = {may},
number = {1},
pages = {393--426},
volume = {2},
doi = {10.1146/annurev-control-053018-023643},
publisher = {Annual Reviews}
}
@comment{{jabref-meta: databaseType:bibtex;}}