Urban Planning
523: Regional Planning Prof. Scott Campbell (home page) College of Architecture and Urban Planning University Of Michigan sdcamp@umich.edu office: 2225C A&AB (734) 763-2077 office hours signup page class listserv last modified: Thursday, January 10, 2008 |
links: Links on this page (by module): |
Schedule of Weekly Readings (DRAFT VERSION)
Jan 4: Introduction |
Central Questions for the Course include:
Jan 11 - 18: The History and Politics of Regional Planning (MODULE 1) |
Jan 11:
Katz, Bruce, ed. 2000. Reflections on Regionalism. Washington, DC: Brookings. |
Chapter 1: Henry R. Richmond, "Metropolitan Land-Use
Reform: The Promise and Challenge of Majority Consensus" pdf |
Chapter 2: Robert Yaro, "Growing and Governing Smart:
A Case Study of the New York Region" pdf |
Chapter 3: David Rusk, "Growth Management: The Core Regional
Issue" pdf |
Chapter 4: Robert Fishman , "The Death and Life of American
Regional Planning" pdf |
Chapter 5: Margaret Weir , "Coalition Building for Regionalism" pdf |
Chapter 6: Rosabeth Moss Kanter, "Business Coalitions as a Force for Regionalism" pdf |
Jan 18:
Katz, Bruce, ed. 2000. Reflections on Regionalism. Washington, DC: Brookings. |
Chapter 7: Kenneth T. Jackson, "Gentleman's Agreement: Discrimination in Metropolitan America" |
Chapter 8: john a. powell , "Addressing Regional Dilemmas for Minority Communities" |
Chapter 9: Paul Dimond, "Empowering Families to Vote with Their Feet" |
Friedmann, John and Clyde Weaver. 1979. Territory and Function: The Evolution
of Regional Planning. University of California Press. (Part I: Regionalism
in America," pp. 21-86) [on
electronic reserves]
Popper, Frank. 1993. "Rethinking Regional Planning," Society, September/October,
pp. 46-54. [on
electronic reserves]
Markusen, Ann. 1994. American Federalism and Regional Policy. International
Regional Science Review 16 (1&2):3-15. [on
electronic reserves]
Background readings and links:
Frug,
Gerald E. 2002. Beyond Regional Government. Harvard Law Review 115:1763.
[on
electronic reserves]
Friedmann, John and Robin Bloch. 1990. "American exceptionalism in regional
planning, 1933-2000," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 14
(4): 576-601. [on
electronic reserves]
Jan 18: |
Background readings and links:
Metropolitan Council (Twin Cities)
and its GIS
The Metropolitan Area Research Corporation
(Myron Orfield)
Portland metropolitan government
regional councils of government (including SEMCOG, ABAG,
etc.), the National Association of Regional
Councils, and the Association of Metropolitan Planning
Organizations)
states as implicit regional planning agencies (e.g., the New Jersey State Plan).
community-based regionalism (e.g., Regions That Work)
Patrick Geddes,
Mumford's RPAA,
regional science,
FDR's TVA
LBJ's ARC
federal policy as implicit regional planning (e.g., US Forest Service, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers, Bureau of Land Management, U.S.
Department of Transportation)
Boston's Big Dig (Central Artery Project)
Isserman, Andrew M. 1993. Lost in Space? On the History, Status, and Future
of Regional Science. Review of Regional Studies 23 (1):1-50. [on
electronic reserves]
Jan 25 - Feb 1: Case Study: Chicago -- Regional Network Formation and the City as Catalyst for Regional Development (MODULE 2) |
Jan 25 :
Cronon, William.
1991. Nature's metropolis: Chicago and the Great West. New York: W.
W. Norton.
Chs. 1-3 (boosterism, transportation, grain).
Chs. 4-5 (lumber, meat);
Feb. 1
Cronon, William.
1991. Nature's metropolis: Chicago and the Great West. New York: W.
W. Norton.
Chs. 6-8, epilogue (gateway city, manufacturing, white city, epilogue);
Feb 1: CHI GROUP PRESENTATION: Chicago and Regional Networks |
Background readings and links:
Chicago Imagebase including
the animated
1850-1990 growth map • Chicago's
Columbian Exposition of 1893 • New
York Times review of Nature's Metropolis (by Donald Miller) • City
of Chicago (official site) • Chicago
Historical Society • Chicago
Board of Trade • Chicago
Mercantile Exchange • Chronological
history of Chicago (timeline) • Great
Chicago Fire and The Web of Memory • History
of Chicago's L (mass transit system) • Chicago
bookshelf • Excerpt
from Upton Sinclair's 1906 novel The Jungle (Ch. 3: a tour of
Chicago's Packingtown meat-packing and surrounding slums) • corporate
history of Armour Swift-Eckrich (Chicago-area meat company) • Chicago
metropolis 2020
PBS American Experience Series: Chicago - City of the Century
Feb 8 - 15: Case study: New York -- Regionalism as the Complex Overlapping of Jurisdictions and Institutions (MODULE 3) |
Feb. 8:
Benjamin, Gerald and Richard P. Nathan. 2001. Regionalism and Realism:
A Study of Governments in the New York Metropolitan Area. Washington,
DC: Brookings. Chapters 1-6
Feb. 15:
Benjamin, Gerald and Richard P. Nathan. 2001. Regionalism and Realism:
A Study of Governments in the New York Metropolitan Area. Washington,
DC: Brookings. Chapters 7 - end
Feb 15: NYC GROUP PRESENTATION: New
York (A) A leitmotif of this course is the advantages of regional coordination and planning to overcome myopic localism, fragmentation and inequality. Yet an apparent subcurrent of Benjamin and Nathan's analysis is the downside of regionalism, and the loss of important local activities when the scale of government gets too large (even when a city itself, such as New York, gets too large). In your essay, articulate and then critique the authors' view of regionalism vs. localism. How does regional governance in the New York region either respect and/or undermine positive local government and governance? (B) Benjamin and Nathan (2001) note that "equity arguments to promote
collaboration -- urging fairness between races and classes -- rarely
work" [p. 30]. They go on to argue that "social equity is best
advanced as a by-product of regional reform, not as its social focus" [p.
32]. In your essay, examine how the authors use the various case studies
in the New York region to support this argument. Do you agree or disagree
with their conclusion? Explain why. Finally, briefly discuss whether
their conclusion replicates or contradicts other writings in the course
so far (e.g., Katz et al.). |
Background readings and links:
Regional Plan Association • maps • publications
Port Authority of New York and New Jersey •
history •
facilities map
Hudson River greenway
New York Metropolitan Transportation Council and regional
links
Museum of the City of New York
North Jersey Transportation Planning
Authority Inc. • a
history of MPOs (Metropolitan Planning Organizations) NJTPA Quarterly
State of New
Jersey: Office
of Smart Growth • maps
National Association of Regional Councils
Feb 22 - March 7: Case study: Los Angeles -- the Suburban Metropolis (MODULE 4) (Note: no class Feb 29 Mid-Semester Break) |
Feb 22 :
Fulton, William B. 2001. The Reluctant Metropolis: The Politics of Urban
Growth in Los Angeles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. [Introduction;
Chs. 1 - 6]
March 7:
Fulton, William B. 2001. The Reluctant Metropolis: The Politics of Urban
Growth in Los Angeles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. [Ch.
7 - end]
March 7: LA GROUP PRESENTATION: Los Angeles (A) In the New York case study, Benjamin and Nathan emphasized the central role of the Port Authority, the various transportation agencies, the three state governments, the RPA, etc., in regional governance. What are the critical agencies and institutions that influence regional governance in the greater Los Angeles area? Does the region have a distinctively different structure of regional governance than found elsewhere (e.g., Chicago or New York or Detroit)? If so, what might explain the LA region's distinctiveness (geography, its recent history, water, California government structures, the role of the automobile, the nature of LA's growth machine, etc.)? (B) "The dynamics driving growth were regional, but opposition to growth was local. People might vote against development in their neighborhood or in their small municipality, but they probably won't vote against sweeping restrictions all across the region …" (Fulton 2001, 62). In your essay, examine why Fulton makes this argument. What examples does he use (in this chapter and throughout the book) to support this claim? Is this an accurate assessment of the gap between local and regional politics? Finally, do you think this is a dynamic distinctive to Los Angeles, or a more universal dynamic found in most major American regions? |
Background readings and links:
Southern California Compass (public
participation to shape the region's future growth)
Los Angeles Government
Sources (CSUN Library)
Southern California Association of Governments •
"Regional Comprehensive
Plan" • "Global
Gateway Regions" • Interactive
Atlas
South Bay Cities Council of Governments •
Westside Cities Council of Governments • Gateway
Cities Council of Governments •
Lewis Center for Regional Policy Studies (UCLA)
Los Angeles County Metropolitan
Transit Authority • rail
map • bus map
Metropolitan Water District of Southern
California
South Coast Air Quality Management District
March 14 - March 21: Ecoregions: regional planning as a tool of environmental planning, habitat preservation and sustainability (MODULE 5) |
March 14: Introduction and Water / Region as River Basin
Sale, Kirkpatrick. 2001. "There's no place like home..." The Ecologist: 31
(2): 40-43. [on
electronic reserves]
Hiss, Tony. 1990. The Experience of Place: A new way of looking at and
dealing with out radically changing cities and countryside. New York:
Vintage. (Chapter 9, "Thinking Regionally," pp. 194-220.) [on
electronic reserves]
Reisner, M. 1993. Cadillac desert: the American West and its disappearing
water. revised ed. New York and London: Penguin Books. (Introduction & Ch.
1, pp. 1-51) [on
electronic reserves]
Greenbelt Alliance, "At Risk: The Bay Area's Greenbelt" pdf
Calthorpe, Peter, and William Fulton. 2001. The
Regional City: Planning for the End of Sprawl. Covelo, CA: Island
Press. [Chs. 1-2]
March 21: "The Regional City" (continued)
Calthorpe,
Peter, and William Fulton. 2001. The
Regional City: Planning for the End of Sprawl. Covelo, CA:
Island Press. [rest of book]
see also:
Gibbs, D. 1998. Regional development agencies and sustainable development. Regional
Studies 32 (4): 365-368. [on
electronic reserves]
March 21: ECO GROUP PRESENTATION: Ecoregions (a) One typically thinks of regional planning as the activity of regional economists, resource managers, infrastructure planners; by contrast, design is often viewed as an activity that can best (or only) be done at a small scale (e.g., the neighborhood). However, Calthorpe and Fulton argue that creating the "regional city" should be an act of design. In your essay, examine why the authors assert the importance of design (over, for example, "engineering", p. 43). How does a design approach/mentality lead to a different type of regional planning than a typical policy/planning approach? What are the advantages and drawbacks of the design approach to regionalism? (b) Benjamin and Nathan (2001) had argued that equity arguments for regional planning rarely work. Can the same be said about environmental protection arguments? Consider the range of examples from this module's readings: to what extent have environmental concerns been effective in promoting regional planning and building powerful regional coalitions? And are all regional environmental arguments equally effective (or ineffective), or is there variation (e.g., habitat preservation vs. watershed protection vs. public health concerns vs. open space as amenity, etc.). |
Background readings and links:
Fregonese Calthorpe Associates
the Planet Drum Foundation
the Sierra Club ecoregions
regionalism to contain suburban sprawl
regional wildlife corridors (e.g., a GIS example from Montana and corridor design)
riverbasin-based identity (such as an envisioned Hudson River greenway from Manhattan to Albany)
greenbelts (e.g., the Greenbelt Alliance in
San Francisco, Frankfurt, Vienna)
Campbell, Scott. 1992. "Integrating Economic and Environmental Planning: The
Regional Perspective," pdf
Mar 28 : Megaregions (MODULE 6) |
readings will include (partial list):
Regional Plan Association. 2006. America 2050: A Prospectus. New York.
Lang, Robert E., and Dawn Dhavale. 2005. Beyond Megalopolis: Exploring America’s New “Megapolitan” Geography (Census Report 05:01). Alexandria, VA: Metropolitan Institute at Virginia Tech.
[more to be added]
Background readings and links:
Mar 28 : MEGA GROUP
PRESENTATION: Megaregions |
April 4: Global-regions; International Cases of Regional Planning (MODULE 7) |
This module addresses two themes: (A) the impact of globalization on US metropolitan/regional development (including the rise of "global city-regions"); and (B) the role of regional planning outside the United States.
(A) the impact of globalization on US metropolitan/regional
development (including the rise of "global city-regions)
Scott, Allen. 'Globalization and the Rise of City-Regions' GaWC Research Bulletin
26 (Z). html
Sugden, R. and J.R. Wilson. 'Globalisation,
the New Economy and Regionalisation' GaWC Research Bulletin 70 (A) html
Scott, Allen J., John Agnew, Edward W. Soja, and Michael Storper. 1999. "Global
City-Regions." (Conference Theme Paper). Global City-Regions Conference,
UCLA. html
(B) European Integration and regional development
in Europe
Taylor, P.J. 'Regionality within Globalization: What Does it Mean
for Europe?'GaWC Research Bulletin 35 (Z) html
Krätke,
S. The Metropolization of the European Urban and Regional System GaWC Research
Bulletin 193 html
Albrechts,
Louis, Patsy Healey, Klaus R Kunzmann. 2003. Strategic spatial planning and
regional governance in Europe. Journal
of the American Planning Association.Vol.69, Iss. 2 (Spring): 113
- 129 [to be emailed to students]
additional suggested readings
Storper, Michael. 1997. The Regional World: Territorial Development
in a Global Economy. New York: Guilford Press. (excerpt: Chapter
8, "The Regional World: Territorial Development in a Global Economy",
pp. 195-220). [on
electronic reserves]
Scott, Allen, ed. 2001. Global City-Regions: Trends Theory, Prospects. Oxford
and New York: Oxford University Press. (introduction)
Stren, Richard. 2001. Local Governance and Social Diversity in the Developing
World: New Challenges for Globalizing City-Regions. In Global City-Regions:
Trends Theory, Prospects. edited by A. Scott. Oxford and New York: Oxford
University Press.
Markusen, Ann and Karen Chapple. 2001. "High-Tech and I-Tech: How
Metros Rank and Specialize" html | pdf
Arndt, Michael ; Thomas
Gawron; Petra Jahnke. 2000. Regional
policy through co-operation: From urban forum to urban network. Urban Studies;
Vo. 37 (11): 1903 - 1923.
April 4: GLOBAL GROUP
PRESENTATION: Global Regions / International Regional Planning (a) [QUESTION ON MEGAREGIONS] (b) This course has focused on examples of U.S. regional planning and metropolitan politics. As a result, readings have emphasized city-suburban inequality, especially along racial lines; the relative lack of formal, comprehensive regional planning institutions; the resistance of local home rule to regionalism; school funding gaps between city and suburb; the tensions between economic, environmental and social equity priorities in a region; and the importance of semi-autonomous regional authorities / special purpose districts. In a comparative international perspective, to what extent are these problems universal themes of regional planning or instead specific to the American context? (In answering the question, you may find it useful to use a specific example of regional planning/development outside the U.S.) |
April 11: Course Synthesis & Potluck Lunch Discussion |
This last session will provide an opportunity to link common themes from the six presentations and develop a set of principles for good regional planning and governance.
TASK: Each student is to come to class with a one-page sheet (with enough copies for the class) of 5-7 lessons / principles about regional planning and development. (Format: a numbered list; each lesson / principle should be one or several sentences long.) If useful, you might also include a map, diagram, or illustration. |