Cytotoxicity Evaluation of BIS-GMA and UDMA in V79 Fibroblast Cells

Objective: Most of the resin-based root canal sealers on the market, contains in its composition monomers as BIS-GMA and UDMA, substances that are capable of inducing tissue inflammation and affect the vitality of dental pulp. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of monomers BIS-GMA and UDMA in V79 fibroblast cells.

Method: The monomers were diluted in the proportion of 10mg in 100ml of culture medium for preparation of the original extract (1:1) and its dilutions (1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16 and 1:32). Fibroblast cells (V79) previously grown for 24 hours were exposed to different dilutions in periods of 12 and 24 hours to assess the cellular response against different concentrations of these compounds. After these periods, the cell viability was measured by MTT assay in a spectrophotometer and the results analyzed statistically through the U-Mann-Whitney test.

Result: BIS-GMA showed greater cytotoxicity in 24-hour period than the period of 12 hours in all dilutions, obtaining higher rate of cell survival in the dilution 1:16, 94.3% (12h) and 71, 6% at a dilution of 1:4 (24h). BIS-GMA was only cytotoxic at a dilution of 1:1 in both times. UDMA monomer was also more cytotoxic in 24-hour period than the period of 12 hours, with higher rate of cell survival in the dilution 1:32 of 86.1% (12h) and 1:32 dilution of 73.4 % (24h). The UDMA was cytotoxic in dilutions of 1:1, 1:2, 1:4 at all times. Cellular toxicity of monomers can be classified respectively as UDMA 24h > UDMA 12h > 24h BIS-GMA > BIS-GMA 12h.

Conclusion: It was concluded that the UDMA monomer is more cytotoxic than the BIS-GMA monomer in the times and dilutions studied.