TIMELINE OF NUMISMATIC EVIDENCE

257 - First Tulunid coinage, copper fils produced in Misr (Fustat). Identified as Tulunid due to unusual | <> | | symbol translated by some as being a stylization of Ahmad (as in Ahmad ibn Tulun). This follows closely the removal from office and imprisonment of Ibn al-Mudabbir, with whom Ahmad ibn Tulun had fought over control of Egypt's finances, as well as the arrival of al-Muwaffaq in Baghdad.

266 - First Tulunid gold dinars produced in Misr (Fustat). This closely follows Ahmad ibn Tulun's first ventures into Syria.

267 - First production of Tulunid coins outside of Egypt, in al-Rafiqa, the farthest of Tulunid gains in Syria at this time.

269 - 271 - Gold dinars are produced with the names of Ahmad ibn Tulun, al-Mu`tamid, and al-Mufawwid (al-Mu`tamid's son). In 269, Ahmad ibn Tulun had offered al-Mu`tamid and his son, the her appearent to the western half of the empire, sanctuary from al-Muwaffaq in Egypt. Coins also begin being produced in Damascus, where Ahmad ibn Tulun held a conference of jurists whom he asked to renounce al-Muwaffaq's succession claims.

274 - Gold dinars are produced in al-Rafiqa with the names of Khumarawayh, al-Mu`tamid, and al-Mufawwid. This follows the treaty in 273 between Khumarawayh and al-Muwaffaq that gave the Tulunids legal authority over Egypt and Syria for thirty years. New mints were also established in the provincial capitals of Sha'mat, Ramla/Filistin, Hims, Halab, and Antakiya.