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SECONDARY SOURCE:
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Balog, P. "Reference guide ot Arabic metrology: Umayyad, `Abbasid and Tulunid officials named on glass coin weights, weights and measure stamps". Jahrbuch fuer Numismatik und Geldgeschichte, no. 30, pp. 55-96. 1980.
Bianquis, T. "Autonomous Egypt from Ibn Tulun to Kafur, 868-969", The Cambridge History of Egypt. Volume 1: Islamic Egypt, 640-1517. Ed. C.F. Petry. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1998. pp. 86-119.
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Grabar, Oleg. "Tulunid wood carving". The genius of Arab civilization: source of renaissance. no. 2. pp. 110-111, 1983.
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Oezkuyumcu, Nadir. "The Tolunid state". Birten Celik (trans.), The Turks. 2: Middle Ages. Eds. Hasan Celal Guezel, C. Cem Oguz, Osman Karatay. Ankara, Yeni Tuerkiye, 2002. pp. 187-196.
Shamma, Samir. "The coinage of the Tulunids in Filastin: a short historical note." al-Abhath, no. 24, pp. 43-49. 1971.
Stern, S.M. "The Coins of Thamal and of Other Governors of Tarsus", Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. 80, no 3, pp. 217-225. on-line
WEB RESOURCES:
American Numismatic Society http://www.amnumsoc.org/
Archnet http://www.archnet.org
Encyclopedia of Islam On-line http://www.encislam.brill.nl