The University of Michigan Professor Raymond Tanter
Assistants: Ali Ahmad
aia@umich.edu
Michael Janson
mjanson@umich.edu
Ravindra Kharmai
kharmair@umich.edu
Anna Song
songav@umich.edu
Liat Weingart
liatw@umich.edu
Just as the Cold War ended, the Arab-Israeli conflict is closing. Hence, the course does not treat the conflict as "eternal." Rather, this course discusses the historical background of the Arab-Zionist dispute, final status issues in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, outstanding questions in the Israel-Syria peace process, links between the Arab-Israel zone and the Gulf, and the expanding role of religion in the Middle East. Strife between Islamists and secular actors is at the core of new conflicts in the area. As Muslim and Jewish ideologues are increasingly at odds with secular parties in Arab entities and in Israel, these zealots are a fit subject for study.
Lectures address the political history of the conflict from the perspective of theoretical social science propositions. Discussion sections highlight this history by offering students a forum for debating the relationship between theoretical ideas and historical events. In addition, the sections provide a venue for conducting role-playing exercises of historical events in the region.
A ps353 computer conference (ps-353-w98) provides students a forum for discussing current issues in the peace process. See COW help page (on the homepage) for instructions on how to subscribe and use COW. Participation in COW is a course requirement.
Core ideas include crisis as an opportunity for diplomacy; bargaining and negotiation strategies; global, regional, and domestic factors that explain conflict and cooperation; security dilemmas; deterrence failure; overestimation of threat; miscalculated escalation; loss of control as a bargaining tactic; preemption; lowest common denominator consensus decision-making; impact of war on the peace process; alliance politics; force and diplomacy; impact of anomic violence on the peace process; external threats and group cohesion; the effect of religious extremism on the peace process; cognitive screens and threat perception.
Consider the Arab-Israeli conflict as a series
of evolving, terminating, and interrelated disputes: European governments
against both Arabs and Zionist Jews; Arabs and Zionists against each other;
Arab traditionalists versus Arab nationalists; radical Arab states and
non-state political actors against Israel; Islamic, non-Arab Iran versus
Arab States; secular Turkey with a large Muslim population aligned with
Israel against Syria and Iraq; great power competition for regional clients;
great power cooperation in the peace process; secular Jews versus religious
radical Jews; secular Arab nationalists versus Islamists. The emphasis
on the multiplicity of disputes assumes that there is no singular key to
peace.
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OF PAGE
GRADING:
Grade weights are 35% for a midterm, 35%
for a final research paper (20 pages text MAXIMUM, using internet sources
and Turabian Style
Guide), 15% for a COW, and 15% for discussion section.
ALL STUDENTS MUST HAVE AN EMAIL ACCOUNT!
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OF PAGE
Bickerton, Ian and Carla Klausner. A CONCISE
HISTORY OF THE ARAB-
ISRAELI CONFLICT. Englewood Cliffs New Jersey:
Prentice Hall, third edition, paperback.
Congressional Quarterly Inc. THE MIDDLE EAST. Eighth Edition, Washington, DC., 1995, paperback.
Fuller, Graham and Ian Lesser, A SENSE OF SIEGE: THE GEOPOLITICS OF ISLAM AND THE WEST. Boulder: Westview Press, 1995, paperback.
Recommended (but not required):
Coursepack available at Ulrich's -- Recommended.
Tanter, Raymond. ROGUE REGIMES: TERRORISM AND PROLIFERATION. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1998.
Lesser, Ian and Ashley Tellis. STRATEGIC EXPOSURE: PROLIFERATION AROUND THE MEDITERRANEAN. Santa Monica: Rand, 1996.
RESEARCH & COMPUTER
ASSISTANCE SITES
Arab-Israeli
Conflict Research Sites
How to Create a
Personal or Group Homepage
A
Beginner's Guide to HTML
Searching For How-to Documentation
from the Information Technology Division
Accessing
your IFS directory (your home directory) on a MAC
Contacting
an ITD Consultant for Help
A note about assignments and schedule: Text in UPPERCASE denotes theoretical concepts. Text in Title Case denotes historical illustration of these concepts.
DATES:
January
8, 1997: CRISIS AS AN OPPORTUNITY FOR DIPLOMACY: Political Zionism,
Imperialism, and Arab Nationalism; Rise and Fall of Empires; World
War I and the Arab-Israeli conflict.
Political Geography: Integration and disintegration
of Ottoman Empire, growth of Western imperialism, and rise of political
Zionism and Arab nationalism is a story that can be seen by studying the
changing political geography of the Middle East.
Lecture Notes: Note
on Empires: PS353empir.txt
PERCEIVED SECURITY
DILEMMAS, OVERESTIMATION OF THREAT, AND MISCALCULATED ESCALATION: World
War I consequences for the Arab-Israeli conflict.
WORKING HYPOTHESIS: External powers, regional rivalry, and domestic politics are factors that help explain nationalism and likelihood of conflict and momentum in the peace process.
QUESTIONS: Who are the Arabs, Christians,
and Jews? What is the role of Islam, Christianity, and Judaism in
the Arab-Israeli conflict?
Maps
Maps of Empires: Material
for Review
In general: Documents
Center Homepage: Maps
See: The
Kingdom of David and Solomon - 1000 BCE - 42K
The
Divided Kingdoms (Israel and Judah) - 600 BCE - 46K
The
Hasmonean Kingdom - 1st Century BCE
In general: Other
Maps Relating to Islam's Historical Development
See: Maps
of the Umayyad Caliphate in the 2nd Half of the 9th - 2nd Half of the 10th
Centuries
Map
of the Empire of Sultan Salah Al-Din (1171-1193) & Crusaders' Principalities
in Syria and Palestine
Islamic
Texts and Resources: MetaPage
The
Koran: A Searchable Index
Maps of the Current Middle East
Maps: The
Middle East as of 1995
The
Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection
January 13: CRISIS AS AN OPPORTUNITY FOR DIPLOMACY: Political Zionism, Imperialism, and Arab Nationalism; Rise and Fall of Empires; World War I and the Arab-Israeli conflict.
Lecture Notes: Note
#2, Note
#3, Notes
#5
Lexicon
of Zionism : Palestine under the British Mandate
Political Zionism and the Balfour Declaration. Nov. 2, 1917. Zionist pressure wins British support for concept of national home for Jews in Palestine.
McMahon - Hussein Correspondence of July December 1915 Arab demands, British concessions, and the Arab revolt against the Ottoman Empire of June 5, 1916.
Sykes Picot Agreement of May 16, 1916 secret division of Arab inhabited territories into areas administered by the French and British areas along with internationalization of Palestine.
From the Palestine Mandate to the Arab General Strike.
UNDERESTIMATION OF HOSTILITY AND FAILURE TO DETER.
QUESTIONS: What is the role of Great Power
pledges and counter pledges in the origins of the Arab-Israeli conflict?
Maps
Readings:
1. ZIONISM
- An Introduction: Adapted from "Zionism" by Prof. Binyamin Neuberger,
1995
2. Note
on FOURTH WAVE CRITIQUE OF DETERRENCE THEORY. World War II: consequences
for the Arab-Israeli conflict.
3. Congressional Quarterly: SKIM Country
Profiles, Major Events, and STUDY map on inside front page cover. READ
pp. 9-19.
4. Bickerton and Klausner, SKIM List
of Tables, Charts, and Maps, READ Preface, Introduction, Chapters 1 &
2.
January 15: Internet usage. Introduction to e-mail, Conferencing on the Web (COW), and World Wide Web (WWW) research.
January 20: BARGAINING AND NEGOTIATION STRATEGIES
Lecture Notes: Note
#8
Palestine under British Mandate (continued).
World War II. The 1948 War. Creation of the State of Israel.
GETTING TO YES: Do not bargain over positions, bargain over interests, separate people from problem, search for options with mutual gain.
GETTING TO THE TABLE: Build bridges from conflict
to conciliation (cease-fires as down payments on confidence); because it
is rational to defect, try to establish mutual trust; develop rules of
the game for the conduct and limitation of hostilities; use pre-negotiation
as crisis avoidance: identify the problem, search for options, commit
then agree to negotiate, set the parameters for the negotiations to follow.
Use third party consultation to distinguish between incompatible differences
and subjective misperceptions, try face to face interactions to break down
simplified stereotypes, be aware that similarities between groups are often
ignored while differences are exaggerated, use problem solving diplomacy
to effect a perceptual shift.
Maps
Readings:
1. Note
on Fisher, Roger. Getting to Yes: Negotiating Agreement
Without Giving In. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1981.
Note on Stein, Janice (ed.) Getting to the Table : The Processes
of International Prenegotiation. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins
University Press, 1989.
2. Bickerton and Klausner: chapters
3 and 4; READ Documents.
3. Congressional Quarterly: 18-24.
4. Negotiating
Arab-Israeli Peace by Laura Zittrain Eisenberg and Neil Capla
January 22: Application of Theoretical Concerns
From the Arab riots and General Strike (April
1936 1939) through the Birth of Israel and the 1948 War; World War II (September
1939). Shaw and Hope Simpson Royal Commissions, 1929 and 1930 British
Domestic Politics Recognition of irreconcilable demands of Arabs &
Jews thus idea of partition: Royal Peel Commission, 1936: Partition of
Palestine British Vacillation: London Conference, March, 1939 and the British
White Paper, May 17, 1939. Renewal of Arab violence. Split
in Zionist ranks regarding British White Paper. Zionists during World
War II and the Biltmore Program. The Holocaust and Jewish Refugees.
Anglo Zionist Diplomacy during the War. Nazism and the Middle East.
The Rise of Jewish Extremism. British Policy Re: Jews to Palestine.
Morrison Grady Plan. London Talks, June July, 1946. The Palestine
Issue at the U.N. Zionism and American Politics. Partition,
Birth of Israel.
Maps
January 27: CRISIS AS AN OPPORTUNITY FOR DIPLOMACY
The United Nations. Israel's birth. The Arab
countries.
Jewish Agency's Partition Plan, August 1946
United Nations Partition Plan, 1942
Battle for the Jerusalem Roads 1 April 1948, May 1948
Arab Attack 15 May 1948
War for Independence, 1948-1949
Frontiers of the State of Israel, 1949-1967
Maps
Readings:
1. Bickerton and Klausner: READ chapters
3 and 4; SKIM Documents.
2. Review Note
on Empires: PS353empir.txt -- CRISIS AS AN OPPORTUNITY FOR DIPLOMACY
3. Maps:
The
Partition Plan, UN Resolution 181 - 29 Nov 1947
Armistice
Lines 1949-1967
January 29: No Lecture
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OF PAGE
February 3: Events Leading to the 1956 War
Arab
Refugees, Armistice Disputes: the 1956 War
Arab Exodus, 1948 -Repatriation v.
Resettlement
U.N. Conciliation Commission, 1949
U.N. Relief and Works Agency for Palestine
Refugees
(UNRWA),
1949
Boundary Disputes, Border Incidents,
and Retaliatory
Raids Egypt v. Israel
Rise of Nasser
in Egypt
East/West Competition and the Arab
Cold War
Arms Transfers (Czech Egypt, 1955
to counter UK Iraq)
Maps
Readings:
1. Bickerton and Klausner: READ chapter 5,
SKIM Documents
2. Coursepack Articles: "Aiding Arab
Refugees," "Security Council Condemns Israel for Action Against Syria,"
"Transcript of Secretary Dulles' News Conference," "Press Release 68 (excerpt),"
"United States Policy in the Middle East," "Efforts Toward Preserving Peace
in the Near East," "Elements of Hope in the Middle East -- Economic Picture,"
"Report on the Suez Situation," "Suez Canal Discussions at Cairo," The
Suez Question in Security Council."
February 5: CALCULATED
ESCALATION AND PEACE BY DESIGN: The 1956 War
UK and U.S. v. USSR; Iraq v Egypt
West/West differences over the
1956 War
Western Imperialism and the Suez Canal
UK and France v. Egypt
UK, Israel and France v. Egypt
Consolidation of Nasserism
United Arab Republic: Egypt
and Syria, 1958
Superpower Co Management:
Israel's First Sinai Withdrawal
Superpower Competition: Northern Tier
of Middle East
Imperialism v. Nationalism
Traditionalism v. Secularism
Arab Cold War in the Gulf: Yemen Civil
War 1962-67;
Dhofar Rebellion in Oman, 1965-1975
Arab Cold War, Regional Rivalry, and
the Palestine
Liberation Organization, 1964
Maps
Readings:
1. Congressional Quarterly: READ pp. 24-27.
2. Maps: The
Middle East as of 1995
3. "Review of US Foreign Policy:
By Deputy Undersecretary Murphy," "General Assembly Action on the Middle
East Question (Includes Resolutions Texts, etc.)"
February 10: MISCALCULATED ESCALATION: Events Leading to the 1967 War
From War to War; calculation and miscalculation.
The Road to War
Raids and Reprisals
Mobilization
Delay
Preemption
Maps
Readings:
1. Bickerton and Klausner Chapter 6. Skim
documents.
2. Maps: Israel's
Borders On the Eve of the 1967 War
The Golan: Distances
and Elevations
The Pre-1967 Borders:
Distances and Elevations
3. 1967
and Afterward
4.
Miscalculated Escalation: The 1967 War by Ali Ahmad
February 12: MISCALCULATED ESCALATION AND PEACE BY PROCESS: The 1967 War
From conflict over Israel's existence to Territorial
Conflict
Territory for peace possibility
Arab regimes and armies discredited
Evacuation of the United Nations' Security Force from Egypt
Syrians attacked by Israel several times because of the Palestinians
Syrians and Egyptians formed a defense pact
Egypt and Jordanians formed a defense pact
Motivated Errors and Misperception:
Desires.
Israeli overestimation of threat--combined threat
Israeli misperception of joint Arab alignments (Egypt-Syria and Egypt-Jordan
pacts) that could
result in the destruction of Israel
Israeli citizen army: lack of ability to sustain mobilization
Desire to overestimate threat leads to launching of a preemptive strike
Like World War I: Interacting mobilizations and escalation threat perceptions produced an unwanted war
Influence of pro-Arab and pro-Israeli communities
Maps
Readings:
1. Congressional Quarterly: pp. 27-29.
2. "The United States Calls for Restraint
in the Middle East," "The UN Security Council Continues Consideration of
the Crisis in the Near East," "The Situation in the Near East (Includes
Press Releases and Correspondences)," "UN Security Council Continues Debate
on Near East," "UN General Assembly Fifth Emergency Session," "The Rights
of All Peoples to Self-Determination," "The Road to a Lasting Peace."
3. Maps: Cease-fire
Lines Following the 1967 War
4. PS472
Note #7 -- Questions on Prospect Theory
5. PS472
Note #12 -- Explanations about Prospect Theory
6. Outcome
of the 1967 War in Relation to Palestinian Refugees
7. AIPAC
(American Israel Public Affairs Committee)
8. The
National Association of Arab Americans
February 17: PEACE BY DESIGN AND CALCULATED ESCALATION: 1969-70 War of Attrition.
Palestinian Raids and Israel's Reprisals
From Jordan to Lebanon 1969-70
Egyptian Strategy: War for Peace
Comparison of post-1956 War with pre-1969-1970
War of Attrition: PEACE BY DESIGN
Maps
Readings:
1. Bickerton and Klausner: Chapter 7 and
skim documents.
2. Congressional Quarterly: pp. 29-31.
3. Security
Council Resolution 242
4. Tanter and Shlaim. "Decision
Process, Choice, and Consequences."
5. The
War of Attrition
6. Risks
and Rewards: Clinton's Options in the Gulf
February 19: CALCULATED ESCALATION TO STIMULATE THE PEACE PROCESS. 1973 War. UNMOTIVATED BIASES, MISPERCEPTION, AND DECEPTION.
Year of Decision, 1971
Saddat Ousts the Russians from Egypt, 1972
Washington Focuses on Moscow at the Expense
of Cairo: Soviet-American Detente
Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty, 1972
Strategic Arms Limitation Talks and Treaty (SALT)
Eagles of the Palestinian Revolution Kidnap
Soviet Jews in Vienna
Syrian Preparation for Israeli Reprisal Raids for Palestinian Kidnapping
Israeli Intelligence Misperceives Syrian Offensive Measures as Defensive
Egyptian Annual Maneuvers for Crossing of
Suez Canal from Africa to Asia
No Road to 1973 War:
Cognitive Beliefs--Unmotivated
Errors--and Misperception: The Conception and Expectation.
Syria would not attack without Egypt
Egypt would not attack without air superiority
Israeli underestimation of joint Arab alignment: "lower than low"
likelihood of collective
Egyptian-Syrian attack
Motivated Errors and Misperception:
Yom Kippur and desire not to see trouble
Unmotivated Errors and
Misperception: Ramadan and Israeli expectation not to see trouble
Desire to avoid miscalculated
escalation, as was the case in 1967: lesson of 1967 became an
unmotivated error for 1973
Maps
Readings:
1. Congressional Quarterly: pgs: 31-42.
2. Constraints
on Rationality: PS472 Lecture Note #3
3. Maps:
Ceasefire Lines on the Egpytian Front: Oct. 24 1973
4. "The Need for a Negotiating Process In
The Middle East," "U.S. Opposes Middle East Violence and Terrorism," "U.S.
Foreign Policy for the 1970's" "Encouraging a Negotiating Process in the
Middle East," "News Conference (With Secretary Kissinger on 10/12/73),"
"President Nixon's News Conference of Oct. 26," Secretary Kissinger's News
Conference of Oct. 25," "The Dilemma of Choice," "Middle East Peace Conference
Opens in Geneva," "Secretary Kissinger's News Conference of Jan 3.," "U.S.
announces Egypt-Israel Agreement on Force Separation."
5. PS472
Note #7 -- Questions on Prospect Theory
6. PS472
Note #12 -- Explanations about Prospect Theory
February 24: Palestinian Resistance
From Arab Nationalism, through Pan Arabism,
to Palestinian Resistance
Consensus-Building and Coalition Formation
Palestine Arab Nationalist Movement Under
the Mandate
The Palestinian Resistance and Inter-Arab
Politics
Role of the Oppositionists in the Resistance
Ahmed Jabril, Popular Front for the Liberation
of Palestine/General
Command
Abu Nidal, Fatah Revolutionary Council
Nayef Hawatmeh, Democratic Front for the
Liberation of Palestine
Muhammad Abul Abbas, Palestine Liberation
Front
The PLO: Structure, Ideology, and Behavior
Yasir Arafat, Fatah, Conquest
Cairo Agreement in Lebanon, 1969
Black September 1970
PLO in Lebanon
PLO as a World Player, and as "State Within
a State"
Rabat Conference Resolution, October 1974
Arafat address to the U.N., November 1974
Maps
Readings:
1. Palestinian
Liberation Organization (PLO)
2. United
Nations Resolutions Regarding Palestine
3. Palestinian
National Charter--July 1-17, 1968
4. Revisions
to Palestinian National Charter--April 24, 1996
February 26: Incursion into Lebanon by Israel Defense Forces (IDF), March 14, 1978; Invasion of Lebanon by IDF, June 6, 1982
Lebanese Civil War, 1975-1976
Israel's Litani Operation, 1978
The Peace Process, 1973-1979
Camp David Accords, 1978
Israel's Invasion of Lebanon, 1982
Maps
Readings:
1. Bickerton and Klausner: Chapter 8 and
skim document
2. Congressional Quarterly: 42-45 & 67-74.
3. Bickerton and Klausner Chapter 9
and skim documents.
4. Congressional Quarterly, READ pgs.
45-54 & 75-94.
5. "U.S., Israel Agree on Strategic Cooperation,"
Security Council Votes on Golan Heights Situation,"
"Peace and Security in the Middle East,"
"A New Opportunity for Peace in the Middle East," "The Quest for Peace,"
"Middle East Peace Initiative," "Secretary Shultz Interviewed on 'Meet
the Press' and 'Face the Nation,'" "Official Statements Released in September."
6. United
Nations Security Council Resolution 425
7. Camp
David Accords--September 17, 1978
8. Peace
Treaty Between Israel and Egypt--March 26, 1979
BACK TO TOP OF PAGE
March 3
& 5: NO CLASS--Spring Break.
March 10: IMPACT OF WAR ON THE PEACE PROCESS--1980-1990
The Peace Process: From War-to-War to Step-by-Step
Diplomacy
Peace Process: From the Separate Peace to
a Comprehensive Peace (The Triumph of Hope over Experience)
Autonomy Talks Stalled, 1980
European Venice Declaration, June 13, 1980
Sadat Out; Mubarak In, October, 1981
Cold Peace between Egypt and Israel
Fahd Peace Plan, August 7, 1981: Bonus for
AWACS?/ Fez
Summit Plan September 9, 1982
Reagan Initiative September 1, 1982:
A PLO Political Bonus for the Military Minus in Lebanon
Brezhnev Plan September 10, 1982
U.S. in Lebanon, 1983; U.S. out, 1984
PLO - Jordan Agreement February 11, 1985
Gulf War I - Iran and Iraq War between 1980-1988
December, 1988:
Palestine National Council
accepts original U.N. partition plan (U.N.
General Assembly
Resolution 181), Israel's right to exist, and
U.N. Security Council resolutions 242
and 338,
and renounces terrorism.
The U.S. opens dialogue with the PLO, the first formal contacts with the
PLO in 13 years.
The PLO did not revise the charter, however.
Maps
Readings:
1. Congressional Quarterly: 54-60 &
95-100.
2. B & K Chapter 10.
3. Military
history: Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988)
4. The
United States Army in Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm
5. CIA
Support to the US Military During the Persian Gulf War
March 12: IMPACT OF WAR ON THE PEACE PROCESS--1990-1993: Gulf War II to Oslo Peace
August 2, 1990:
Iraq invades and occupies
Kuwait. Yasser Arafat's support for Saddam Hussein leads Persian Gulf
states to cut off funds
to the PLO. Hundreds of thousands of Palestinians are forced out of the
Gulf
states.
October 18, 1991:
Secretary of State Baker,
at a news conference in Jerusalem, says President Bush and Soviet
President Gorbachev are
inviting Israel, the Arab states, and the Palestinians to attend a Middle
East
peace conference to be
held beginning October 30 in Madrid. Baker says the conference is to be
followed by "direct negotiations
to achieve real peace."
October 30, 1991:
Opening the Madrid conference,
President Bush says the objective is "to achieve "real
peace...security, diplomatic
relations, economic relations, trade, investment, cultural exchange, even
tourism. We seek a Middle
East, where vast resources are no longer devoted to armaments."
Outsiders can assist,
he says, "but in the end, it is up to the peoples and the governments of
the
Middle East to shape the
future of the Middle East."
October 31, 1991:
Palestinians, in a joint
delegation with Jordan, attend the Madrid talks between Jordan, Syria,
Israel
and Lebanon. Direct bilateral
talks begin among Israel and Syria, Lebanon, Jordan and participants
from the occupied territories.
Multilateral negotiations begin on arms control, security, water, refugees,
the environment and economic
development.
September 9, 1993:
Israel and the PLO agree
to recognize each other after 45 years of conflict, building on a pact
already
initialed on Palestinian
self-rule in the Israeli-occupied Gaza Strip and in Jericho. PLO
leader Yasser
Arafat signs a letter
recognizing Israel and renouncing violence.
September 10, 1993:
Arafat letter is hand-carried
to Israel by Norwegian Foreign Minister Johan Joergen Holst, whose
country brokered the PLO-Israel
pact.
Israeli Prime Minister
Yitzhak Rabin signs a document recognizing the PLO, and opens the way to
a
signing ceremony August
13 in Washington.
President Clinton calls
the Oslo agreement "a bold breakthrough." "Today marks a shining moment
of
hope for the people of
the Middle East; indeed, of the entire world," he says, pledging continued
direct
engagement of the United
States in the peace process.
European leaders, including
French president Francois Mitterrand and British Prime Minister
John Major give strong
endorsements to the Israel-PLO mutual recognition accord, but caution that
much remains to be done.
Belgian Foreign Minister
Willy Claes, representing the European Community's (EC) current
presidency, says he will
immediately start consultations with his EC counterparts and the executive
European Commission to
intensify the Community's contribution to the
Middle East peace process.
The EC is already the largest donor of aid to the Palestinians.
September 13, 1993:
A new page in the history
of the Middle East is turned at the White House, as Israeli Prime Minister
Yitzhak Rabin and PLO
Chairman Yasser Arafat meet and watch Israeli Foreign Minister Shimon
Peres PLO Executive Council
Member Abou Abbas sign the Declaration
of Principles on Interim
Self-Government
Arrangements. President Bill Clinton, former presidents George
Bush and Jimmy
Carter, and 3,000 dignitaries
witness the signing--on the same desk used in the signing of the Camp
David accords 15 years
earlier.
Maps
March 17: MIDTERM EXAM.
March 19: Role of Religion in Middle Eastern Conflicts
Fourteen Centuries of Islam
The Historical
and Cultural Setting
The Doctrine
of Islamic Faith
Islam Today:
A New Assertiveness
The Clash of Civilizations
A Sense of Siege
Europe and
Asia
Islam and
the Loss of Mediterranean Unity
Islam in
Europe and Insecure Borderlands
The First
Cold War
The Legacy
of Colonialism
Recent Images:
Suez, Oil, and the Iranian Revolution
Readings:
1. Congressional Quarterly, Chapter
6, Fourteen Centuries of Islam.
2. Review Bickerton & Klausner,
pp. 3-6.
3. The
Clash of Civilizations? - Samuel P. Huntington
4. Fuller and Lesser. A Sense
of Siege. Introduction and Western Perceptions of Islam and Geopolitical
Legacy.
5. Islam.doc
March 24:
Muslim Historical and Psychological Perception
of the West
Islam as a Christian Heresy
Shrinking of Islamic Empire
Era of Imperialism
Export of Western Values
Loss of Leadership of
the Islamic World
Establishment of Israel
Western Intervention
Islamic Weakness
Dilemma of Modernization
Contemporary Dilemmas Posed to the West by
the Islamic World
Islam, Democracy, and
Human Rights
Migration and Social Cohesion
Nationalism and Ethnic
Conflict
North-South Relations:
To Have and Have Not
Islamic Instability as
a Threat to World Order
The Islamic Factor in
European Security
Proliferation and the
North-South Military Balance
Maps
Readings:
1. Fuller and Lesser. Chapters
3 & 4, The Muslim Historical and Psychological Perception of the West;
Contemporary Dilemmas Posed to the West by the Islamic World.
March 26:
Solidary and Coexistence
Islamic Solidarity--How
Likely?
Factors Working Against
Muslim Solidarity
Dealing with the Islamist
Challenge
Islam as a Catalyst for
Have-Not States
Potential Islamist Policies
Toward the West
The Geopolitical Dimension
Areas of Confrontation
The Mediterranean
Turkey's Borders with
"Christian" States in the Balkans
Central Asia
China
The Indian Subcontinent
Southeast Asia
Africa
North America
Maps
Readings:
1. Fuller and Lesser. Chapters
7 & 8, Solidary and Coexistence; The Geopolitical Dimension.
2. Note
on Middle East States and the Approaching 21st Century
March 31: Computer Lab
at Shapiro Undergraduate Library--second floor
computing site.
Maps
Readings:
1. Fuller and Lesser, chapters 3 and
4.
April 7:
Computer Lab.
Maps
April 9:
Maps
Readings:
1. Lustick, chapters 1 and 2.
April 14:
Israeli Consul General's Visit: Meet
in 1360 East Hall
Scenarios:
Israel and Syria
Maps
April 16:
Maps
Readings:
1. Lustick, chapters 3 and 4.
BACK TO TOP OF PAGE
Professor
Raymond Tanter rtanter@umich.edu
Political Science Department
The University of Michigan
(734) 763-2221 (o); (734) 764-3522 (fax)
http://www-personal.umich.edu/~rtanter
Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1045
(734) 769-1988 (residence voicemail/fax)
