Schelling, Thomas. "Arms and Influence". New Haven: Yale University Press. 1966. Jervis, Robert; Lebow, Richard Ned; Stein, Janice Gross. "Psychology and Deterrence". Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press. 1985. Tanter, Raymond. Class Lecture. 6/5/96 Jervis, et al p. 211 Dawisha, Adeed. International Security. Winter 1980/81. p. 134-153 ibid ibid Jentelson, Bruce. "With Friends Like These". New York: W.W. Norton. 1994 ibid p. 40-43 ibid p. 62-63 Friedman, Alan. "Spider's Web" NSD 26 reads: Access to Persian Gulf oil and the security of key friendly states in the area are vital U.S. national security. The United States remains committed to defend its vital interests in the region, if necessary and appropriate through the use of U.S. military force, against the Soviet Union or any other regional power with interests inimical to our own. The United States also remains committed to support the individual and collective self-defense of friendly countries in the area to enable them to play a more active role in their own defense and thereby reduce the necessity for unilateral U.S. military intervention. The United States also will encourage the effective support and participation of our western allies and Japan to promote our mutual interests in the Persian Gulf Region. NSD 26 continues on to an Iraq-specific tome: Normal relations between the United States and Iraq would serve our longer-term interests and promote stability in both the Gulf and the Middle East. The United States Government should propose economic and political incentives for Iraq to moderate its behavior and to increase our influence with Iraq. At the same time, the Iraqi leadership must understand that any illegal use of chemical and/or biological weapons will lead to economic and political sanctions, for which we would seek the broadest possible support from our allies and friends. Any breach by Iraq of IAEA safeguards in its nuclear program will result in a similar response. Human rights considerations should continue to be an important element in our policy towards Iraq. In addition, Iraq should be urged to cease its meddling in external affairs, such as Lebanon, and be encouraged to play a constructive role in negotiating a settlement with Iran and cooperating in the Middle East peace process. We should pursue, and seek to facilitate, opportunities for U.S. firms to participate in the reconstruction of the Iraqi economy, particularly in the energy area, where they do not conflict with our non-proliferation and other significant objectives. Also, as a means of developing access to and influence with the Iraqi defense establishment, The United States should consider sales of non-lethal forms of military assistance, e.g., training courses and medial exchanges , on a case by case basis. Tanter, Raymond. Prospectus: Rogue Regimes. forthcoming. URL found at http://wwwpersonal.umich.edu~rtanter/prospect/.html George, Alexander. Bridging the Gap. Wahington. D.C.: United States Institute of Peace Press. 1993..p46 ibid .p.47 ibid. p48 http://www.nd.edu:80/~aleyden/documents.html/ The full order read: Executive Order 12722-Blocking Iraqi Government Property and Prohibiting Transactions with Iraqi. August 2, 1990 By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.), the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), section 301 of title 3 of the United States Code. I, George Bush, President of the United States of America, find that the policies and actions of the Government of Iraq constitute an unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security and foreign policy of the United States and hereby declare a national emergency to deal with that threat. Section 1. All property and interests in property of the Government of Iraq, its agencies, instrumentalities and controlled entities and the Central Bank of Iraq that are in the United States, that hereafter come within the United States or that are or hereafter come within the possession or control of United States persons, including their overseas branches, are hereby blocked. Section 2. The following are prohibited, except to the extent provided in regulations that may hereafter be issued pursuant to this order: (a) The importation into the United States of any goods or services of Iraqi origin, other than publications and other informational materials; (b) The exportation to Iraq of any goods, technology (including technical data or other information controlled for export pursuant to Section 5 of the Export Administration Act (50 U.S.C. App. 2404) ), or services from the United States, except publications and other informational materials, and donations of articles intended to relieve human suffering such as food, clothing, medicine and medical supplies intended strictly for medical purposes. (c) Any transaction by a United States person relating to transportation to or from Iraq; the provision of transportation to or from the United States by any Iraqi person or any vessel or aircraft of Iraqi registration: or the sale in the United States by any person holding authority under the Federal Aviation Act of 1958, as amended (49 U.S.C. 1514), of any transportation by air which includes any stop in Iraq. (d) The purchase by any United States person of goods for export from Iraq to any country; (e) The performance by any United States person of any contract in support of an industrial or other commercial or governmental project in Iraq; (f) The grant or extension of credits or loans by any United States person to the Government of Iraq, its instrumentalities and controlled entities; (g) Any transaction by a United States person relating to travel by any United States citizen or permanent resident alien to Iraq, or to activities by any such person with Iraq, after the date of this order, other than transactions necessary to effect such person's departure from Kuwait, or travel for journalistic activity by persons regularly employed in such capacity by a news-gathering organization; and (h) Any transaction by any United States person which evades or avoids, or has the purpose of evading or avoiding, any of the prohibitions set for in this Order. For purposes of this Order, the term "United States person" means any United States citizen, permanent resident alien, juridical person organized under the laws of the United States or any person in the United States. Section 3. This order is effective immediately. Section 4. The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Secretary of State, is hereby authorized to take such actions, including the promulgation of rules and regulations, as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this order Such actions may include prohibiting or regulating payments or transfers of any property or any transactions involving the transfer of anything of economic value by any United States person to the Government of Iraq, its instrumentalities and controlled entities, or to any Iraqi national or entity owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by Iraq or Iraqi nationals. The Secretary may redelegate any of these functions to other officers and agencies of the Federal Government. All Agencies of the Federal Government are directed to take all appropriate measures within their authority to carry out the provisions of this Order, including the suspension or termination of licenses or other authorizations in effect as of the date of this Order. This Order shall be transmitted to the Congress and published in the Federal Register. ibid The full statement read: United Nation's Security Council Resolutions on Iraq's Invasion of Kuwait Resolution 660 August 2, 1990-- The Security Council, alarmed by the invasion of Kuwait of 2 August 1990 by the military forces of Iraq, determining that there exists a breach of international peace and security as regards the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, acting under Articles 39 and 40 of the Charter of the United Nations, 1) Condemns the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait; 2) Demands that Iraq withdraw immediately and unconditionally all its forces to the positions in which they were located on 1 August 1990. 3) Calls upon Iraq and Kuwait to begin immediately intensive negotiations for the resolution of their differences and supports all efforts in this regard, and especially those of the League of Arab States; 4) Decides to meet again as necessary to consider further steps to ensure compliance with the present resolution. VOTE: 14 for, 0 against, 1 abstention (Yemen) Klare, Michael. "Rogue States and Nuclear Outlaws". New York: Hill and Wang. 1995. p. 38. George. p. 84. Jentelson. p.205.