472NOT03.txt					September 8, 1996

Constraints On Rationality

Decision-Making: Reduction In Uncertainty & Simplification Of Complexity

Uncertainty: Lack Of Information Re Consequences Of Choice


Approaches To Uncertainty:

	Calculated Procrastination: Just Do Nothing!

	Defensive Procrastination: Escapism

	Bolstering: Increase Value Of Preferred Options
(Wishful Thinking

		Decrease Value Of Undesirable Options

Complexity: Conflict Among Multiple Values

Approaches To Value Conflict

	Resolve: Find Action That Satisfies Competing 	Values

		    Devise Single Policy

		    Stage Satisfaction Over Time

	Accept: Trade Off One Value To Achieve Another.

	Avoid:
 
	Cognitive Restructuring: Turn Aside Information
That Heightens Value Conflict: Ignore, Discount, 		Deny,
Forget, Misinterpret: See What You Want And 	Expect Tosee And Hence
Assimilate Images Into 		Preexisting Beliefs.

	Devaluation: Downgrade One Value Over Others.

Cognitive Aids To Decision-Making:	Satisfice Rather Than Optimize;
Thus Use Incrementalism	& Sequential Choice.

	Consensus Politics

	Historical Analogies

	Ideology