After the war, Turing turned his thoughts to the development of a machine that would logically process information. He worked first for the National Physical Laboratory (1945-1948). His plans were dismissed by his colleagues and the lab lost out on being the first to design a digital computer. It is thought that Turing's blueprint would have secured them the honor, as his machine was capable of computation speeds higher than the others. In 1949, he went to Manchester University where he directed the computing laboratory and developed a body of work that helped to form the basis for the field of artificial intelligence.4
A true pioneer in this field, Turing was also a founding father of modern cognitive science and a leading early exponent of the hypothesis that the human brain is in large part a digital computing machine, theorising that the cortex at birth is an 'unorganised machine' which through 'training' becomes organised 'into a universal machine or something like it'. He later developed the Turing Test, which tests a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behavior equivalent to, or indistinguishable from, that of a human - which Turing called "The Imitation Game."5
In 1952, Turing was arrested and tried for homosexuality, then a criminal offense, by the same country he helped save barely a decade before. To avoid prison, he accepted injections of oestrogen for a year, which were intended to neutralize his libido (chemical castration). In that era, homosexuals were considered a security risk as they were open to blackmail. Turing's security clearance was withdrawn, meaning he could no longer work for GCHQ, the post-war successor to Bletchley Park.
Sadly, he committed suicide on June 7, 1954. It is generally believed that he ended his life by biting into a cyanide-laced apple, but a recent investigation has shed light on the fact that that might not be completely true. Whatever the case, his hard work and legacy live on in the field of Computer Science.6