Cicero
Ad Familiares 7.1
M. CICERO S. D. M. MARIO
Part 1 (Bob Moore)
Marcus Cicero says hello to M. Marius Salutem dicit
lines 115-120
Si te dolor aliqui corporis aut infirmitas valetudinis tuae tenuit,
quo minus ad
ludos venires, fortunae magis tribuo quam sapientiae tuae;
If some grief of body or infirmity of your health kept you
from coming to the
games, I attribute it more to luck than to your wisdom;
Conditional clause set up by 'si' through to 'venires'; verb of hindering (tenuit) followed by 'quo minus' takes subjunctive verb. Quominus introduces negative clause of purpose. Compound subjects 'dolor' & 'infirmitas'; Comparison in the main clause (magis ... quam); subj. is gapped 'ego'; 'tribuo' backward gapped.
sin haec, quae ceteri mirantur, contemnenda duxisti
but if you considered that these things, which others admire,
must be despised,
Duxisti sets up an Ind. State., with 'haec' as accusative Subject and 'contemnenda (esse) (Future PassivePeriphrastic) as the verb in the infinitive; Relative adjectival clause 'quae ... mirantur' modifying 'haec'.
et, cum per valetudinem posses, venire tamen noluisti,
and although you are able to come on account of your health, you
nevertheless refused to come,
Concession Clause (because of tamen) set up by 'cum' w/verb in subjunctive; Gapped subject of 'tu', gapped complimentary verb 'venire'; 'per' 'on account of'; cum ... tamen - although ... nevertheless.
utrumque laetor, et sine dolore corporis te fuisse et animo
valuisse,
I delight in each - - both that you were without pain of body
and that you were strong of spirit,
Gapped subject 'ego' with 'laetor' setting up Indirect Statement, 'te' as accusative subject and 'fuisse' as infinitive, 'te' is gapped subject for 'valuisse'.
cum ea, quae sine causa mirantur alii, neglexeris.
when these things which others admire without a reason, you have disregarded.
Cum sets up a Circumstantial Clause, with verb in subjunctive; Gapped subject of 'tu'; 'ea' nueter plural accusative; Relative Clause 'quae ... alii' modifying 'ea'.
Lines 124-129
deliciae vero tuae, noster Aesopus, eiusmodi fuit, ut ei desinere
per omnes homines liceret:
Truly your favorite, my friend Aesop, he was such that it was allowed for him to retire by all the men:
'Aesopus' is apposition to the subject 'deliciae ... tuae' which is pluralia tantum (has only a plural form= my darling) in the nom. pl. " 'Eiusmodi' signals a Result Clause with 'ut' + subjunctive.
is iurare cum coepisset, vox eum defecit in illo loco: "si sciens fallo."
when he had begun to take an oath, his voice failed him in that place; "If I knowingly fail."
Cum sets up another Circumstantial Clause with verb in subjunctive; 'is' is subject; 'vox' subject of main clause; 'sciens' is imperfective active participle modifying gapped subject 'ego'.
Quid tibi ego alia narrem?
Why should I tell you other things?
Quid is often translated as 'Why';' narrem' is Deliberative Subjunctive expressing the speaker's uncertainty (deliberation) as to what to do.
nosti enim reliquos ludos, qui ne id quidem leporis habuerunt,
quod solent mediocres ludi;
For you know that the remaining games, which did not have even
that charm which average games are used to having.
nosti=novisti is translated in the present tense, because it
behaves like a defective verb which lacks present tense and uses
the perfective tense insted. 'Tu' gapped subject of 'nosti' =
novisti which takes ludos for a D.O.
ne...quidem is an intensifier intensifying the noun which it sandwiches,
here the pronoun "id"
leporis is a Gen of the part/whole with id.
'qui ... habuerunt' relative clause modifying 'ludos'; 'qui' subject
of relative clause.
quod solent: soleo raises an expectation of complementary infinitive
which we do not get. Therefore, we must supply gapped habere
using the preceding context.
mediocres ludi: S of solent habere. Note the VS word-order.
apparatus enim spectatio tollebat omnem hilaritatem
for the spectacle of the elaborate display was taking away
(removing) every amusement.
'Spectatio' subject, 'apparatus' genitive singular modifying
'spectatio'
Part II (Sarah and Emily)
Extremus elephantorum dies fuit.
The last day was (the day) of the elephants. (dedicated
to the elephants.)
fuit, in this instance, can be translated as 'dedicated to'
and the genitive elephantorum act as a dative to the verb 'sum,
esse'
[In quo] admiratio magna vulgi atque turbae, delectatio nulla exstitit:
With regards to which (emerged) great astonishment in the
crowd and throng, no delight emerged:
backwards-gapped verb, parallelism
quin etiam misericordia quaedam consecuta est atque opinio eius modi, [esse quandam
illi beluae (cum genere humano) societatem.]
on the contrary a certain sympathy has followed and (a certain)
opinion of its manner (had followed), that a certain affinity
with the human race existed for that beast,.
forward-gapped verb, prepositional cum, indirect statement
implied by opinio
(new section of letter)
His ego tamen diebus (ludis scaenicis), ne forte videar tibi [non modo beatus sed liber
omnino fuisse], dirupi me paene in iudicio Galli Canini, familiaris tui.
However, I here on the days (of the theatrical games), lest by chance I seem to you to have been not only happy but altogether free, I have nearly ruptured myself in the trial of Gallus Caninus, your friend.
[Quod si [tam facilem populum haberem, quam Aesopus habuit]], libenter mehercule
artem desinerem tecumque et cum similibus nostri viverem;
Because if I should have as easy an audience as Aesop had,
gladly indeed would I abandon my art and live with you with (those?)
similar to us;
gapped D.O. (facilem populum), gapped eis in cum clause
neque enim fructum ullum laboris expecto, et cogor non numquam homines non optime de me meritos rogatu eorum, [qui bene meriti sunt], defendere.
defendere is Complementary infinitive to cogor and homines is D.O. to cogor defendere.
nor even expect the any fruits of my labors, nor be forced
sometimes to defend people not deserving
the best of me, by the request of those who deserve well.
'non numquam' interjected between gov. verb and distinct beginning
of dependent clause.
M. Tulli Ciceronis
In L. Catilinam Oratio Prima
Habita In Senatu
The First Speech of Cicero vs. Catiline Given in a Meeting of the Senate
4 Quo usque tandem abutere, Catilina, patientia nostra?
How long, tell me, Catiline, will you abuse our patience?
Abutere = abuteris - fut ind + Ablative; Catilina - vocative
5 Quam diu etiam furor iste tuus nos eludet?
How long even will that your rage elude us?
Quem (ad finem) sese effrenata iactabit audacia?
To what end will your unbridled audacity display itself?
6 Nihilne te nocturnum praesidium Palati, nihil (urbis) vigiliae, nihil timor (populi),
Did not the nighttime protection of the Palantine, not the city watchman, not the fear of the populus,
te = direct object of suspended verb - moverunt; Repetition
of nihil is example of anaphora.
Praesidium, vigiliae, timor are subjects with gapped verb 'moverunt'
7 Nihil concursus (bonorum omnium), nihil hic munitissimus habendi senatus locus, nihil( horum) ora vultusque moverunt?
Not the attack of all property, not this most fortified place of holding the senate, not our speeches nor our faces move you?
Concursus, locus, ora, vultus are all subjects of 'moverunt';
continuation of anaphora with nihil; 'habendi' gerundive
in genitive modifying the genitive
noun 'senatus'; The genitive senatus modifies
locus.
'ora' neuter nominative plural of 'os, oris'. The opening of the
speech is a series of rhetorical questions, three short
and three long.
8 [Patere tua consilia] non sentis,
Do you not sense that your plans lie open,
Indirect Statement with 'sentis + accusative (consilia) + infinitive (patere) verb of I.S.
8 [<Constrictam iam (horum omnium) (scientia) teneri> coniurationem tuam] non vides?
don't you see that your conspiracy has been choked off and held back already by the knowledge of all these (people)?
'Constrictam is a PP Participle modifying 'coniurationem'; Indirect statement/question? with 'vides' + accusative (coniurationem) + infinitive (teneri)
9 [Quid proxima, quid superiore nocte egeris, ubi fueris, quos convocaveris, quid consili ceperis, [quem nostrum ignorare]] arbitraris?
Did you think that what you did last night and on the night before, where you were, whom you called together, what plans you made, we were ignorant of?
Five indirect questions with governing verb of 'ignorare' + question words (quid, ubi, quos) + verbs in the subjunctive (egeris (ago, agere, egi), fueris, convocaveris, ceperis); One direct question (quem nostrum ... arbitraris). Quem is the S of I.S. governed by arbitraris.
12 O tempora, O mores!
Oh the times, Oh the morals!
Senatus haec intellegit, consul videt; hic tamen vivit.
The senate knows these things, the consul sees; he, however, lives.
13 Vivit? Immo vero etiam (in senatum) venit, fit (publici consili) particeps,
He lives? No, truly he even comes into the senate, he is made a participant in public plans,
'Particeps' subject complement taking the Genitive of the part;
14 notat et designat (oculis) (ad caedem) unum quemque nostrum.
Notes down and points out with his eyes for murder each and every one of us.
14 Nos autem, fortes viri, [satis facere rei publicae] videmur, si istius furorem ac tela vitamus.
We would seem, however, brave men, to do well enough for the Republic, if we avoid the rage and weapons of that man.
-facere is a complementary infinitive to 'videmur' + ; 'si' sets up a simple conditional clause
16 (Ad mortem) te, Catilina, duci (iussu) (consulis) iam pridem oportebat,
You, Catiline, ought to have been led to your death by order of the consuls long ago,
Te, Catilina - vocative; 'oportebat + Verbal noun infinitive (duci); 'consulis' genitive modifying 'iussu'
17 (in te) conferri pestem quam tu (in nos) (omnis) iam diu machinaris.
upon you a pestilence ought to have been brought as you are planning (to bring a pestilence) upon all us for a long time.
'Oportebat' is gapped and takes the infinitive 'conferri' as a complement; 'quam' sets up a comparative clause - 'conferri' and 'pestem' are gapped - 'just as you planned (to bring a pestilence) upon all us'.
24-25 Habemus senatus consultum (in te), Catilina, vehemens et grave, non deest rei publicae consilium neque auctoritas huius ordinis; nos, nos, dico aperte, consules desumus.
We have a decree of the Senate against you Catiline, most strong & serious; a plan of action of the Republic is not lacking nor is the authority of this body: we, I say openly, we, the consuls are lacking.
vehemens, grave are adjectives mofifying consultum, ; nos, nos, consules; parallelism and gapping: non deest consilium, neque (deest) auctoritas; tricolon: deest, deest, desumus.
40-41 Cupio, patres conscripti, [me esse clementem], cupio
[(in tantis (rei publicae) periculis) me non dissolutum videri],
sed iam me ipse inertiae nequitiaeque condemno.
I wish, senators, that I be merciful, I wish that I not be
seen to be irresponsible in so great a hazard to the republic,
but already I condemn myself of laziness
and worthlessness.
Indirect Statements: Cupio + me + esse, cupio + me + videri; Condemno: condemn accusative guilty of genitive.
42 Castra sunt (in Italia) (contra populum Romanum) (in Etruriae faucibus) conlocata,
Camps are being set up in Italy against the Roman people in the mountain passes of Etruria,
sunt ... collocata: passive periphrastic verb
43 crescit (in dies singulos) hostium numerus;
the number of enemies grows each and every day
43-44 eorum autem castrorum imperatorem ducemque hostium (intra moenia) atque adeo (in senatu) videmus
moreover, we see the general and leader of the enemy of those camps within the walls and even in the senate
44-45 < intestinam aliquam cotidie perniciem rei publicae molientem>.
plotting, constructing some internal threat to the republic every day.
Molientem: imperfective active participle modifying 'imperatorem' & 'ducem'
45-46 Si [te iam, Catilina, comprehendi], si [interfici] iussero,
If I ordered you to be arrested at once Catiline, if I shall have ordered you to be killed,
Si ... si: Future more vivid condition; iussero governs Objective(indirect command) infinitives: Subject te + infinitives (comprehendi, interfeci)
46 credo, erit verendum mihi,
I believe it must be feared by me . . .
Future Passive Periphrastic: erit verendum; Clause of fearing: erit verendum + ne + (dicant), dicat.
46-47 [ne non potius [hoc omnes boni serius a me] quam quisquam [crudelius factum esse] dicat].
. . . not that the upstanding citizens will say that this thing was done too late by me . . .
Gapping in comparison clause: governing verb: dicant, in clause of fearing & gapped infinitive in indirect statement: factum esse; omnes boni: governing subject with gapped 'dicant' in indirect statement.
. . . but rather that anyone at all will say that this thing was done too cruelly (by me).
Quisquam: governing subject of indirect statement; gapped: a me.
47-48 Verum ego hoc, quod iam pridem factum esse oportuit, certa de causa nondum adducor ut faciam.
But this, which ought to have been done long ago,
Relative clause: quod ... oportuit, modifying 'hoc';
I for a certain reason have not been induced to do as of yet.
hoc and the relative clause introduced by quod which modifies it have leaked out to the left. Hoc is the direct object of faciam.
Main clause interrupted by relative clause - periodic sentence structure; Result clause: ut faciam hoc, which is difficilissimus to translate sensibly so I winged it.
In Catilinam I (lines 93-118
and 309-317) Sarah and Catalina
Haec ego omnia vixdum etiam [coetu vestro dimisso]
comperi;
I have found these (things) out with your meeting hardly even
having ended;
ablative absolute: coetu dimisso
domum meam maioribus praesidiis munivi atque
firmavi, exclusi eos [quos tu ad me
salutatum mane miseras], [cum illi ipsi venissent] [quos] ego
[iam multis ac summis viris ad me id temporis venturos
esse] praedixeram].
My house I have secured and fortified with the best guards,
I have excluded those whom you had send (mitto, mittere) to me
to greet me, when they themselves came whom I predicted to many
and most mighty men now to be coming to me at that time.
Salutatum, accusative supine expressing purpose
both quos = relative clause markers
id temporis = eo tempore, for no obvious reason
vecturos esse is the verb of the I.S. that praedixeram sets up.
multis ac summis viris: Ind. O. of praedixeram. Animate dablative
most likely to be dative
Quae cum ita sint, Catilina, perge [quo
coepisti]: egredere aliquando ex urbe; patent
portae; proficiscere.
With things being so, Catiline, proceed where
you've started: at last leave the city; the doors are open, go.
Quae cum ita sint = things being thus. Quae is a connecting
relative, subject of sint.
perge, egredere, proficiscere = imperative
Nimium diu te imperatorem tua Manliana castra desiderant.
Far, far too long have your Manlian camps missed you, the commander.
Manliana = name, used as an adjective
imperatorem = appositive of te
Educ tecum etiam omnis tuos, si minus, quam plurimos;
purga urbem.
Lead out with you even all your (men), if not (all),(lead out)
as many (of your men) as possible; purge the city.
Educ, purga = imperative
omnis tuos = substantive adjective
quam + superlative = as many as possible
Magno me metu liberabis, [dum modo inter me atque te
murus intersit].
You will free me from great fear, provided that there is a
wall between you and me.
metu, abl of seperation
dum modo + subjunctive = provided that, proviso clause
Nobiscum versari iam diutius non potes; non feram,
non patiar, non sinam.
You are not able to be near with us now for much longer; I
will not bear it, I will not endure it, I will not allow it!
Note tricolon
Magna dis immortalibus habenda est atque huic ipsi Iovi
Statori, antiquissimo custodi huius urbis, gratia, [quod hanc
tam taetram, tam horribilem tamque infestam rei publicae pestem
totiens iam effugimus].
Great thanks must be held to the immortal gods and to the Stator
Jupiter himself, the ancient guardian of our city, because so
often already we have escaped this so loathsome, dangerous-to
the-republic plague.
magna habenda est gratia = gratiae sunt agendae, passive periphrastic,
must be
hyperbaton: magna....gratia for emphasis
tricolon, chiasmus: horribilem tamque infestam rei publicae pestem
- plague surrounds the republic.
infestamrei publicam: dative with adjective, infestam sets up
expectation of dative much like inimicus, amicus, gratus etc.
appositive: Iovi Statori --> antiquissimo custodi
Non est saepius in uno homine summa salus periclitanda
rei publicae.
All the prosperity of the republic should not often be endangered
on account of one man.
in: translate as 'on account of' or 'because of'
periclitanda est: passive periphrastic
[Quam diu mihi {consuli designato}, Catilina, insidiatus
es,] non publico me praesidio, sed privata diligentia
defendi.
As long as you have been plotting against me having been elected
consul, Cataline, I have not defended myself with the public guards,
but by private attentiveness.
Quam diu: in dictionary - 'as long as'
consuli designato: abl abs
insidior, insidiari (dep verb): takes
dative
verb defendi (present perfective, 1st p. sg) gapped backwards
[Cum proximis comitiis consularibus me consulem in campo
et competitores tuos interficere voluisti,] compressi
conatus tuos nefarios amicorum praesidio et copiis {nullo
tumultu publice concitato};
When at the latest consular elections, you wished to kill me,
the consul and your rivals on the plain, I have crushed your nefarious
plans by the help of friends and by guards with no public riot
having been incited.
Cum: temporal because of the indicative
verb.
consulem: apposative to 'me'
campo= campus Martius where the comitia was held
tumultu concitato: ablative absolute
denique, quotienscumque me petisti, per me
tibi obstiti, quamquam videbam [perniciem
meam cum magna calamitate rei publicae esse
coniunctam].
Finally, and with whomever you have attacked me, I have
opposed you by myself, although I saw that my destruction was
linked with great disaster to the republic.
Per me: lit, through me, sense: by myself, alone.
nunc iam aperte rem publicam universam petis,
templa deorum immortalium, tecta urbis, vitam
omnium civium, Italiam [denique] totam ad exitium et vastitem
vocas.
Right now you openly attack the entire republic, you call for
the temples of the immortal gods, the roofs of the city, the life
of every citizen, finally all Italy until its death and desolation.
Quare, [quoniam id, [quod est primum],
et [quod huius imperii disciplinaeque maiorum proprium
est], facere nondum audeo], faciam
id, [quod est ad severitatem lenius et ad
communem salutem utilius].
For which, since I have not yet dared to make that which is
first, and which by my command and the disciplines of our ancestors
is appropriate, I make that which is more gentle in regards to
severity and more useful in regards to the public health.
quod: all relative pronouns
huius imperii disciplinaeque: lit: that of command (sense: my
command)
maiorum: gen. 'ancestors'
ad: take as 'in regard to'
Nam [si te interfici iussero], residebit
in re publica reliqua coniuratorum manus; sin tu, [quod
te iam dudum hortor] exieris, exhaurietur
ex urbe tuorum comitum magna et perniciosa sentina rei publicae.
But if I order you to be killed, the remaining gang of the
conspirators will remain in the republic; but if you, (will do)
what I often formerly urged you (to do), will leave, the great
and dangerous scum of the republic will be drained out of the
city of your companions.
manus: gang
quod: refers to exieris
ex urbe: prepositional phrase modifying
exhaurietur
Hisce ominibus, Catilina, cum summa rei publicae salute, cum
tua peste ac pernice cumque eorum exitio, qui se tecum
omni scelere parricidioque iunxerunt, proficiscere
ad impium bellum ac nefarium.
By these omens, Cataline, with the whole prosperity of the
republic, with your plague and danger and with the ruin of those
who have joined themselves with you by every crime and murder,
you will proceed to an unholy and infamous war.
Tu, Iuppiter, [qui isdem [quibus haec urbs auspiciis
a Romulo] es constitutus,] [quem Statorem huius
urbis atque imperii vere nominamus,] hunc et huius socios
a tuis (aris) ceterisque templis, a tectis urbis ac moenibus,
a vita fortunisque civium (omnium) arcebis et homines bonorum
inimicos, hostis patriae, latrones Italiae scelerum {foedere
inter se ac nefaria societate coniunctos} aeternis suppliciis
vivos mortuosque mactabis.
You, Jupiter, who began to be worshipped yourself by the omens
by which this city (was worshipped) by Romulus, (Jupiter) whom
we rightly call Stator to those of the city and of the empire,
you will keep this and the companions of these away from your
altar and your other temples, the roofs and walls of the city,
the lives and fortunes of all the citizens, and you will afflict
with eternal punishment, alive and dead, the men(who are) enemies
of good, enemies of the fatherland, theives of Italy having been
united by the treaty of crimes between themselves and the criminal
society.
qui isdem quibus: nasty nested clauses. Translate as qui es
contitutus isdem auspiciis quibus
haec urbs constituta est.
quibus has isdem auspiciis as its antecedent
and the relative clause has est consitutus gapped in it.
a tuis aris ceterisque templis, a tectis urbis ac moenibus, a
vita fortunisque civium omnium arcebis et homines bonorum inimicos,
hostis patriae: ablatives of seperation
{--} = abl abs
vivos mortuosque are adj's describing homines, hostis, and latrones
In Verres Lines 112-131 and 200-205 (Emily and Ed)
Urbem Syracusas maximam esse Graecarum, pulcherrimam omnium saepe audistis.
You often have heard that the city, Syracuse, is the
greatest of Greece, the most beautiful of all.
Audistis=audivistis and sets up an indirect statement with urbem
syracusas as the subject and esse as the verb.
Est, iudices, ita ut dicitur.
It is judges truly as it is said.
Dicitur used impersonally, and since it is not subj, ut=as.
Ea tanta est urbs ut ex quattuor urbibus maximis constare dicatur; quarum una est Insula, in qua domus est quae Hieronis regis fuit, qua praetores uti solent.
It is so great a city that it is said to consist of 4 very great cities; of which one is Ortygia, in which there is a house which was of the King of Hieron's, which praetors were accustomed to use.
Tanta sets up result clause starting with ut and going to dicatur. The relative clause introduced by quarum modifies urbs, the one introduced by qua modifies Insula, the one introduced by quae modifies domus, and the one introduced by the second qua modifies domus as well, ablative because it is with uti.
In ea sunt aedes sacrae complures, sed duae quae longe ceteris antecellant: Dianae, et altera, quae fuit ante istius adventum ornatissima, Minervae.
In that city there are several sacred temples, but there are two which surpass the others by far: one is of Diana, and the other is of Minerva which before the arrival of that man was the most ornate.
Ea refers to city which was being discussed in previous sentence.
Istius refers to Verres because he is the one being tried.
The relative clause introduced by the first quae modifies aedes,
and the relative clause introduced by the second quae modifies
the other understood temple. The verb sum is gapped into the clauses
with the names in them.
In hac insula extrema est fons aquae dulcis, cui nomen Arethusa est, incredibili magnitudine, plenissimus piscium.
In the farthest part of this island there is a fountain of sweet water most full of fish, which has the name Arethusa, which has incredible magnitude. {gapping, periodic sentence}
In to extrema is a prepositional phrase, it is not translated as the farthest island because there are not many islands in the area.
Cui, which is dative of possession because it is with nomen
est, and est are forward gapped into the clause with incredibili
magnitudine.
The plenissmius piscium agrees with fons, which encloses the subordinate
clauses . The relative clause introduced by cui modifies fons.
Altera autem est urbs Syracusis, cui nomen Achradina est; in qua forum maximum, pulcherrimae porticus, ornatissimum prytaneum, amplissima est curia templumque egregium Iovis Olympii; ceteraeque urbis partes, quae una via lata perpetua multisque transversis divisae privatis aedificiis continentur.
However, in Syracuse there is another city, which has the name Arachnida; in which there is the great forum, most beautiful porticos, a most ornate town hall, a most gorgeous curia and an outstanding temple of Olympian Jupiter; other parts of the city, which having been divided by one wide long street and many other cross streets, are occupied by private buildings.
The relative clauses introduced by both cui modifies urbs. In qua is a connecting relative.
There is backwards gapping est in all the clauses before that,
and it is forward gapped into the clause teplumque clause. The
relative clause introduced by quae modifies partes and ends with
continentur; Divisae is a participle
and cannot be the verb of the relative clause. Syracusis is a
locative. .
Tertia est urbs quae, quod in ea parte Fortunae fanum antiquum fuit, Tycha nominata est; in qua gymnasium amplissimum est et complures aedes sacrae.
There is a third city which is named Tycha, because the ancient temple of fortune was in this part; in this there was a most ample gymnasium and several sacred temples.
The relative clause introduced by quae modifies urbs, quod is a causal clause because all the kernel positions are filled. In qua is a connecting relative because it follows a semi-column and there is only one verb in the sentence.
Quarta autem est quae, quia postrema coaedificata est, Neapolis nominatur; quam ad summam theatrum maximum.
There is a fourth, however, which is named Neapoles, because it was built last; at the highest point of it there is a large theater.
Notice how this sentence is set up in a very similar way to the previous sentence, which shows parallelism. The relative clause introduced by quae modifies the gapped in city from the previous sentence. Quia is a clause marker for a causal clause. Quam refers back to the city which has been mentioned before in the sentence, making it a connecting relative.
Praeterea duo templa sunt egregia, Cereris unum, alterum Liberae, signumque Apollinis, qui Temenites vocatur, pulcherrimum et maximum, quod iste si portare potuisset, non dubitasset auferre.
Beyond this there are two extraordinary temples, one of Ceres, the other of Libera, and a statue of Apollo, who was called Temenites, the most beautiful and the greatest, which if he had been able to carry them, he would not have hesitated to steal
The relative clause introduced by qui modifies Apollo because Temenites is an epithet of Apollo, and qui agrees with Apollo and not signum. The relative clause introduced by quod modifies signum, and again the iste in the clause refers to Verres. The condition is a contrary to fact condition.
Sappho quae sublata de prytanio est dat tibi iustam excusationem, prope ut concedendum atque ignoscendum esse videatur.
The Sappho which was taken from the town hall gives you a just excuse, almost so that it that it must be permitted and forgiven.
The relative clause introduced by quae modifies Sappho, which does not refer to the person, but rather to a statue of her. The clause introduced by ut is a result clause, with videatur as the main verb. Sublata is from the verb tollo, which has the principle parts: tollo, tollere, sustuli, sublatus and means to lift, raise.
Silanionis opus tam perfectum, tam elegans, tam elaboratum quisquam non modo privatus sed populus potius haberet quam homo elegantissimus atque eruditissimus, Verres?
Would anyone not only a private person, but also the people rather have the so perfect so elegant, so elaborate work of Silanion than a most elegant and learned man, Verres?
The tam ..tam...tam are adverbs modifying
the adjectives perfectum, elegans and elaboratum. The represent
an anaphora and tricolon.
Quisquam is only nominative, therefore it makes it impossible
for opus to be the subject.
Non modo...sed - coordinating conjuction: not only .. but also
Verres is in opposition with homo. This sentence contains a comparison
clause, comparing the possible owners with Verres.
Nimirum contra dici nihil potest.
Surely nothing can be said against him.
Dici is a passive complimentary infinitive with potest. Contra
here is an adverb.
In Verrem
Lines 200-222, 397-412 (Dan Leon and Dan DeSelm)
200-202
Sappho quae sublata de prytaneo est dat tibi iustam excusationem,
prope ut concedendum atque ignoscendum esse videatur.
Sappho, who was removed from the prytaneum, gives you a just excuse, with the result that it almost seems it must be permitted and even forgiven.
Commentary:
200. Note that sublata is from tollo, tollere, sustuli, sublatus,
not suffero
quaeest relative clause
201. Ut clause of result, modified by prope
Concedendum atque ignoscendum esse pass. Periphrasticthe
(understood) theft
must be
202-204
Silanionis opus tam perfectum, tam elegans, tam elaboratum
quisquam non modo privatus sed etiam populus potius haberet quam
homo elegantissimus atque eruditissimus, Verres?
Should anyone (not just any private citizen, but any [whole] people) have this work of Silanion, so perfect, so elegant, so elaborate, more than this most elegant and erudite man, Verres?
Commentary:
202. tam perfectumelaboratum all modifying opus
203-4 potius quam haberet should have more than = deserves
to have more than
205
Nimirum contra dici nihil potest.
Certainly nothing can be said to the contrary.
205-208
Nostrum enim unus quisque-qui tam beati quam iste est non sumus,
tam delicati esse non possumus-si quando aliquid istius modi videre
volet, eat ad aedem Felicitatis, ad monumentum Catuli, in porticum
Metelli;
For if each one of us-who are not as blessed as this guy here, who cannot be so refined-- at some time should wish to see something of this sort, let him go to the shrine of Felicity, to the monument of Catulus, into the portico of Metellus.
Commentary:
205. unus quisque each one
206-7 quipossumus relative clause
207. sivolet conditional with fut. indic.
quando = aliquando
eat hortatory subjunctive
209-212
det operam ut admittatur in alicuius istorum Tusculanum; spectet
forum ornatum, si quid iste suorum aedilibus commodarit; Verres
haec haveat domi, Verres ornamentis fanorum atque oppidorum habeat
plenam domum, villas refertas.
Let him take care that he be admitted to the Tuscan villa of one of his (Verres') friends; let him see the forum decorated (if this man should lend something from his stuff to the aediles). Let Verres have these things at home. Let Verres have his house full of and his villas stuffed with the ornaments of temples and towns.
Commentary:
209-212. det, spectet, habeat, habeat more hortarty subjunctives
209. ut clause of result
210. quid = aliquid
suorum partative genitive
commodarit = commodaverit
211. domi locative
ornamentis abl. of means
212. refertas v. adj. from refercio
212-215
Etiamne huius operari studia ac delicias, iudices, perferetis?-qui
ita natus, ita educatus est, ita factus et animo et corpore ut
multo appositior ad ferenda quam ad auferenda signa esse videatur.
Judges, will you still endure the desires and pleasures of this laborer, who was born such, educated such, and made such in both mind and body that he seems to be much better suited to physically carrying statues than to acquiring them?
213. operari syncopated gen. of operarius
213-215 quicorpore relative clause
214-215 utvideatur clause of result
214. multo abl. of degree of difference
215 ferendaauferenda with Wheelock: "a delightful play
on the two forms of fero"
215-216
Atque haec Sappho sublata quantum desiderium sui reliquerit
dici vix potest.
And it can scarcely be said how much desire for herself this Sappho, having been removed, will have left behind.
216. quantumsui how much desire for herself = other people
wishing she were still
there
217-220
Nam cum ipsa fuit egregie facta, tum epigramma Graecum pernobile
incisum est in basi; quod iste eruditus homo et Graeculus, qui
haec subtiliter iudicat, qui solus intellegit, si unam litteram
Graecam scisset, certe non sustulisset.
For not only had she been made in superior fashion, but there is also a famous Greek epigram inscribed on the base; this learned little Greek, who judges with subtlety, who alone understands, if he knew one letter of Greek, would certainly not have removed this.
217. cumtum not onlybut also
218. quod functioning as demonstrative pronoun?
219-220. sisustilliset contrary to fact condition
220-222
Nunc enim quod scriptum est inani in basi, declarat quid fuerit,
et id ablatum indicat.
But now this inscription is on an empty base; it declares what was there, and it indicates what was carried away.
220. quod functioning as demonstrative adjective?
221. declarat quid fuerit indirect question
397-399
Homines tenues, obscuro loco nati, navigant; adeunt ad ea loca
quae numquam antea viderunt, ubi neque noti esse eis quo venerunt,
neque semper cum cognitoribus esse possunt.
Poor men, born in an obscure place, are sailing; they go to these places which they have never seen before, where they can neither be familiar to those to whom they have come, nor can they always be with witnesses.
398 and 399. esse complementary infinitive with "possunt."
398. quo acts as an adverb referring not to "eis"
but to "Homines."
399-404
Hac una tamen fiducia civitatis non modo apud nostros magistratus,
qui et legum et existimationis periculo continentur, neque apud
civis solum Romanos, qui et sermonis et iuris et multarum rerum
societate iuncti sunt, fore se tutos arbitrantur, sed, quocumque
venerint, hanc sibi rem praesidio sperant futuram.
Nevertheless, they judge that they will be protected by this one trust of citizenship, not only among our own magistrates, who are constrained by the dangers both of law and of public opinion, and not only among Roman citizens, who are joined by a society both of speech and laws and many things, but, wherever they may come, they hope this thing will be a protection to them.
400 and 401. non modo neque. not only.nor.
401. legem et existimationis genitives modifying periculo.
403. arbitrantur deponent verb of thinking, introduces an
indirect statement with the verb esse.
404. sibipraesidio double dative expressing purpose
405-409
Tolle hanc spem, tolle hoc praesidium civibus Romanis, constitue
nihil esse opis in hac voce, 'Civis Romanus sum,' posse impune
praetorem aut alium quemlibet supplicium quod velit in eum constituere
qui se civem Romanum esse dicat, quod qui sit ignoret:
Destroy this hope, destroy this protection for Roman citizens, establish that there is nothing of importance in the expression "I am a Roman citizen," that it can be that a praetor or any other [official] can with impunity set up any punishment that he wants against him who declares himself to be a Roman citizen, which anyone is ignorant of (which he ignores, whoever he may be?):
405. constitute imperative verb of thinking, introducing
two indirect statements with the verbs esse and posse.
405. tollotollo - "anaphora"
405. "asyndeton" absence of connecting words (like
"et")
405-406. "tricolon crescens" three phrases building
to a climax, with the third having the greatest emotional weight.
406. opis genitive modifying nihil
407. quemlibit - any
409-412
iam omnis provincias, iam omnia regna, iam omnis liberas civitates,
iam omnem orbem terrarum, qui semper nostris hominibus maxime
patuit, civibus Romanis ista defensione praecluseris.
already in all provinces, in every kingdom, in all free cities, already in the whole globe of the world, which has always laid open most greatly to our [people], will have been closed to Roman citizens by that excuse.
By that excuse, you will have already closed off to Roman citizens all provinces, all kingdoms, all free cities, and the whole world, which always greatly lay open to our people.
409. provincias, regna, civitates, orbem accusatives
of place to which? Objects of
praecluseris?
412. praecluseris future perfect active verb bringing the
sense of a future more vivd construction with the impersonal verbs
in line 405.