BIOLOGY 415 PLANT CONSTITUENTS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS. Winter Term, 2000

Plant Pigments: Selected References*


Adrosko, R. J. 1968 Natural Dyes in the United States. Smithsonian Inst. Press, Washington, D. C.

Armstrong, G. A., and J. E. Hearst. 1996. Genetics and molecular biology of carotenoid pigment biosynthesis. FASEB Journal 10: 228-37.

Bartley, G. E. and P. A. Scolnick 1995 Plant carotenoids: Pigments for photoprotection, visual atrraction, and human health. Plant Cell 7: 1071-1083.

Billmeyer, F.W., Jr. and M. Saltzman. 1981 Principles of Color Technology, 2nd. Ed. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Somerset, NJ.

Bliss, A. 1976 North American Dye Plants. Charles Scribner's Sons, NY.

Botstein, D. 1986 The molecular biology of color vision. Science 232: 142-143.

Britton, G. 1983 The Biochemistry of Natural Pigments. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Casselman, K. L. 1980 Craft of the Dyer: Colour from Plants and Lichens of the Northeast. University of Toronto Press, Toronto.

Chalker-Scott, L. 1999. Environmental significance of anthocyanins in plant stress responses. Photochemistry & Photobiology 70: 1-9.

Cody, V., E. Middleton, Jr. and J. B. Harborne (eds.). 1986 Plant Flavonoids in Biology and Medicine. Biochemical, Pharmacological and Structure-Activity Relationships. Alan R. Liss, Inc., NY. A later (1987) edition is also available.

Cormier, F. 1997. Food colorants from plant cell cultures. pp. 201-222 in Johns, T. and J. T. Romeo Functionality of Food Phytochemicals. Recent Advances in Phytochemistry, Vol. 31. Plenum Press, New York, NY.

Dähne, S. 1978 Color and constitution: One hundred years of research, Science 199: 1163-1167. A summary of the physical chemical studies on the reasons for chemical coloration.

Gabor, M. and F. 1985 Kallay. Flavonoids and Bioflavonoids. Elsevier, Amsterdam.

Goodwin, T. W. (ed. 1988 Plant Pigments. Academic Press, London.

Gross, J. 1987 Pigments in Fruits. Academic Press, Orlando, FL.

Gross, J. 1988 Pigments in Vegetables. Van Nostrand Reinhold, NY.

Harborne, J. B. and F. A. Tomas-Barberan (eds.) 1991 Ecological Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Plant Terpernoids. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford.

Harborne, J. B., T. J. Mabry and H. Mabry. 1975 The Flavonoids, Parts 1 and 2. Academic Press, Inc., NY. The flavonoid pigments and copigments are covered in depth with extensive listings of where (species) they occur.

***Harborne, J. B. 1993 Introduction to Ecological Biochemistry, 4th ed. Academic Press, London. pp. 36-53 discuss the roles of pigments in flowers.

Harwood, J. L. and J. R. Bowyer (eds.) 1991 Methods in Plant Biochemistry. Vol. 4. Lipids, Membranes, and Aspects of Photobiology. Academic Press, London.

Haslam, E. 1989. Plant Polyphenols, Vegetable Tannins Revisited. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.

Hébant, C. and D. W. Lee. 1984 Ultrastructural basis and development control of blue iridescence in Selaginella leaves. Am. J. Bot. 71: 216-219.

**Hendry, G. A. F. 1999. Plant pigments. Pp. 219-234 in Lea, P. J. and R. C. Leegood (eds.) Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. John Wiley, Chichester, England.

Hendry, G. A. F. and J. D. Houghton 1996. Natural Food Colorants. 2nd ed. Blackie Academic, London.

Herring, P.J. (ed.). 1979 Bioluminescence in Action. Academic Press, NY.

**Hess, D. l975 Plant Physiology. Springer Verlag, N.Y. Contains a large, fairly general and readable coverage of plant constituents according to chemical group. pp. 111-114 cover the carotenes and pp. 129-137 the flavans. This provides a concise and easy to read overview for these 2 major groups of pigments.

Holton T. A. , and C. Cornish Edwina. 1995. Genetics and biochemistry of anthocyanin biosynthesis. Plant Cell 7: 1071-83.

Holton, T. A. and E. C. Cornish 1995 Genetics and biochemistry of anthocyanin biosynthesis. Plant Cell 7: 1071-1083.

Holton, T. A. and Y. Tanaka 1994 Blue roses - A pigment of Our Imagination. Trends in Biotech. 12: 40-42.

Hulme, A. C. (ed.) 1970, 1971 The Biochemistry of Fruits and Their Products, Vols. 1 and 2. Academic Press, NY. Fruit pigments are discussed, but the information is scattered.

Jolivet, P. 1992. Insects and Plants: Parallel Evolution and Adaptation. 2nd edn. Sandhill Crane, Press, Gainesville, FL.

Kendrick, R. E. and G. H. M. Kronenberg (eds.) 1994 Photomorphogenesis. Kluwer Academic, Dorderecht, The Netherlands. pp. 505- discuss the use of lenses snd internal reflection in some plant cells to achieve greater pigment effects with less pigment.

Kevan, P. G. 1983 Floral colors through the insect eye: What they are and what they mean. pp. 3-30 in Handbook of Experimental Pollination Biology. C. E. Jones and R. J. Little (eds.), Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., Inc. NY.

Krinsky, N. I., M. M. Mathews-Roth and R. F. Taylor (eds.) 1987 Carotenoids. Chemistry and Biology. Plenum Press, NY.

Krochmal, A. and C. Krochmal 1974. The Complete Illustrated Book of Dyes from Natural Sources. Doubleday and Co., Inc., Garden City, NY.

Kuehni, R.G. 1983 Color. Essence and Logic. Van Nostrand Reinhold, NY.

Lamb, T. and J. Bourrriau (eds.) 1995 Colour. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.

**Lea, P. J. and R. C. Leegood (eds.) 1999. Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. John Wiley, Chichester, England. Pp. 219-234 cover plant pigments, mostly from a structural and light-absorption viewpoint.

Lee, D. W. 1986 Unusual strategies of light absorption in rain-forest herbs. pp. 105-131 in On the Economy of Plant Form and Function. T. J. Givnish (ed.), Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge. The possible role of leaf pigments in heating and cooling is discussed.

MacColl, R. and D. Guard-Friar 1987 Phycobiliproteins. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL.

Markakis, P. (ed.) 1982 Anthocyanins as Food Colors. Academic Press, Inc., NY.

Marmion, D.M. 1979 Handbook for U.S. Colorants for Foods and Drugs, and Cosmetics. Wiley-Interscience, Somerset, NJ.

Mazza, G. and E. Miniati 1993 Anthocyanins in Fruits, Vegetables, and Grains. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL.

McCrea, K. D. and M. Levy 1983 Photographic visualization of floral colors as perceived by honeybee pollinators. Am. J. Bot. 70: 369-375.

Mol, J. N., T. A. Holton, and R. E. Koes. 1995. Floriculture: Genetic engineering of commercial traits. Trends in Biotechnology 13: 350-355.

Mulder-Krieger, T. and R. Verpoorte 1994 Anthocyanins as Flower Pigments. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

Nathans, J., D. Thomas and D. S. Hogness 1986 Molecular genetics of human color vision: The genes encoding blue, green, and red pigments. Science 232: 193-210.

Packer, L. 1992 Methods in Enzymology, Vol. 213. Carotenoids. Part A. Chemistry, Separation, Quantitation and Antioxidation. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.

Pennisi, E. 1992 True blue. Molecules stack up to color flowers. Science News 142: 184-186.

Richards, A. J. (ed.) 1978 The Pollination of Flowers by Insects. Academic Press, London. Several chapters deal with flower color and pollination.

Rogers, L. J. 1991 Chromoproteins from macroalgae. pp. 211-231 in Methods in Plant Biochemistry. Vol. 5. Amino Acids, Proteins and Nucleic Acids. L. J. Rogers (ed.), Academic Press, London.

Scheer, H. (ed.) 1991 Chlorophylls. CRC Press, Boca Raton FL.

Schery, R. 1972 Plants for Man, 2nd. ed., Prentice Hall, Engelwood Cliffs, NJ. pp. 247-260 cover vegetable tannins and dyes.

Schetky, E. M. (ed.) 1964 Dye Plants and Dyeing - A Handbook. Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY.

Scogin, R. 1983 Visible floral pigments and pollinators. pp. 160-172 in Handbook of Experimental Pollination Biology. C.E. Jones and R.J. Little (eds.), Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., Inc., NY.

Stadnichuk, I. 1995. Phycobiliproteins: Determination of chromophore composition and content. Phytochemical Analysis 6: 281-88.

Stafford, H. A. 1991 Flavonoid evolution: An enzymatic approach. Plant Physiol. 96: 680-685.

Stafford, H. A. 1991 Flavonoid Metabolism. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.

Stafford, H. A. 1994 Anthocyanins and betalains - Evolution of the mutually exclusive pathways. Plant Sci. 101: 91-98.

Stanton, M. 1987 Reproductive biology of petal color variants in wild populations of Raphanus sativus: I. Pollinator response to color morphs. Am. J. Bot. 74: 178-187.

Stevenson, T. W. 1991 Molecular biology of flavonoid pigment biosynthesis in flowers. pp. 127-148 in Plant Gene Research. E. S. Dennis and D. J. Llewellyn (eds.), Springer-Verlag, Wien.

Tanaka, Y., S. Tsuda, and T. Kusumi. 1998. Metabolic engineering to modify flower color. Plant & Cell Physiology 39: 1119-26.

Tomás-Barberán, F.A. and R.J. Robins (eds.) 1997. Phytochemistry of Fruits and Vegetables. Clarendon Press, Oxford. Several chpaters deal with pigments.

Von Wettstein, D., S. Gough, and C. G. Kannangara. 1995. Chlorophyll biosynthesis. Plant Cell 7: 1039-57.

Walsberg, G.E. 1983 Coat color and solar heat gain in animals. BioSci. 33:88-91. This principle could be applied to plants.

Weigle, P. 1974 Ancient Dyes for Modern Weavers. Watson-Guptill Publics., NY.

Weiss, M. R. 1995 Floral color change: A widespread functional convergence. American Journal of Botany 82: 167-85.

Weiss, M. R., and B. B. Lamont. 1997. Floral color change and insect pollination: A dynamic relationship. Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 45: 185-99.

Wyszecki, G. and W. S. Stiles 1982 Color Science. Concepts and Methods, Quantitative Data and Formulae 2nd Edn. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., Somerset, NJ.

Zollinger, H. 1987 Color Chemistry. Syntheses, Properties and Applications of Organic Dyes and Pigments. VCH Publs., Inc., NY.


*Some of the general and group references cover pigments.

**Special interest.

***Recommended reading.


Return to the Biology 415 Home Page.