BIOLOGY 375. INTRODUCTION TO PLANT DEVELOPMENT
 
Winter Term, 2001 LECTURE OUTLINE
 
INTRODUCTION
Course business
Survey
Concepts
GENETIC CONTROL OF DEVELOPMENT
Control of gene expression
Homeotic genes
HORMONAL CONTROL OF DEVELOPMENT
Auxin
-Discovery
-Definition of a hormone
-Structure - 3 aspects
1. What is an auxin?
2. Naturally-occurring auxins
3. Structure/activity relations
-Control of development
1. Rice coleoptile growth
2. Phototropism
-Mode of action
1. H+ pump
2. Induction of RNA/protein synthesis
3. Receptor proteins
4. Effects on cell wall
-Synthesis
1. Sites of synthesis
2. Biochem. pathway
-Transport
Gibberellin
-Discovery
-Structure
-Sites of synthesis
1. Sites
2. Biochem. pathway
3. Inhibitors
-Transport
-Mode of action
-Control of development
Cytokinin
-Discovery
-Structure
-Synthesis
1. Sites
2. Biochemistry
-Transport
-Control of development
1. Bud initiation
2. Delay senescence
3. Drawing nutrients
-Mode of action
Abscisic acid
Ethylene
Miscellaneous hormones
-Wound hormone
-Thiamine
-Calorigen
-Brassinolide
-Methyl jasmonate
Herbicides
-Introduction
-Discovery
-Types
1. Inhibitors of ATP synthesis
2. Auxin analogues
3. Inhibitors of cell division
4. Enzyme-targeted
Chemical warfare
LIGHT CONTROL OF DEVELOPMENT
Introduction
Phytochrome
-Definition
-Properties
1. Action spectrum
2. Structure
3. Stability
4. Different phytochromes
5. Location
-Mode of action
1. Nature of change
2. What does phyt. do?
-Functions
1. Simple +/- signal
2. R/FR ratio
High irradiance reactions (HIRs)
Blue light receptors
Other light reactions
Combined action
SECOND MESSENGERS
How do they work?
What are they?
An example - Ca+2
CELL BIOLOGY OF PLANT DEVELOPMENT
Cell wall
-Structure
1. Microscopic
2. Fibrillar
3. Matrix
4. Lignin
5. Waxes
6. Dietary fiber
-Sites of synthesis & secretion
1. Plasma membrane
2. Dictyosomes
3. Endoplasmic reticulum
-Cell enlargement
1. Cell wall deposition
2. Pattern of enlargement
3. Orient. of microfibrils
Microtubules
-Structure
-Functions
Plastid development
-Types
1. Proplastids
2. Chloropasts
3. Leucoplasts
4. Chromoplasts
-Chloroplast differentiation
Protein targeting - Protein kinesis
ORGANOGENESIS
Plant Embryology & Tissue Culture
-Double fertilization -Endosperm
-Embryo development
1. Structural changes
2. Physiological
-Tissue culture
-Parasexual hybridization
-Development of polarity
1. Root/shoot
2. Controls
Meristems
-Centers of cell prodn. & organization
-Root apex
1. Apical initials
2. Quiescent zone
-Shoot apex
-Chimeras
1. What are they?
2. Periclinal
3. Sectorial
4. Conclusions (4)
Leaves
-Cell mechanics
-Adaptations
-Phyllotaxis
-Controls
1. Correlative
2. Environmental
3. Hormonal
Juvenile phase
Flowers
-Cell mechanics
-Organ identity
-Hormonal controls
1. Initiation
2. Development
-Sexuality
Fruits
-Introduction
-Hormonal controls
1. Initiation
Growth & development
-Drop
-Ripening
Xylem & Phloem Differentiation
-Introduction
-Annual Rings
-Reaction Wood
-Hormonal Controls
Abnormal Development
-Introduction
-Organoid Teratomata
-Prosoplasmatic Teratomata
-Cataplasmic Teratomata
DEVELOPMENTAL PROCESSES
Dormancy
-Introduction
-What is a seed?
-Diversity
1. Structure
2. Physiology
-What is dormancy?
Dormancy - Seeds
-Functional characteristics
1. Propagule
2. Structure
a. 3 principal parts
b. Storage depots
3. Resistance/durability
-Synthetic Seeds
-Germination
1. What is germination?
2. Germ. (growth) phases
3. Metabolic activation
-Causes of dormancy
1. Immature embryo
2. Deficiency in growth proms.
3. Endogenous inhibitors
4. Restrictive seed coats
-Breaking dormancy
1. Modification of seed coats
2. Environmental signals
a. Light
b. Temperature
Dormancy - Terminal Buds
-Structure
-Breaking Dormancy
-Induction of Dormancy
-Internal Controls of Dormancy
-Variations
Apical Dominance
Apical Control
Senescence
-Introduction
-Hormonal controls
-Biochemical changes
-Patterns
-Longevity
Aging
Abscission
-Structural aspects
-Hormonal controls
Environmental Stress
-Types
-Adaptations
Physiology of Plant Disease
-Toxins
-Nutrient Withdrawal
-Defense Mechanisms
-Structural Aspects
Endogenous Rhythms
-Introduction
-Terminology & Concepts
-Synchronizers (Zeitgebers)
-The Clock
-Types
Photoperiodism
-Introduction
-Critical Day Length
-Sensitivity
-Timing Mechanism
-Variations
Vernalization
Plant Movements
-Introduction
-Nutations
-Nastic Movements
-Tropisms
GENETIC CONTROLS
Introduction
Sex Determination
Polyploidy
Aneuploidy
Single Genes
-Size & quantitative characters
-Shape & form
-Response to the environment
-Homeotic genes
OLD & NEW TECHNOLOGIES FOR PRODUCING NEW VARIETIES
Exploration & Collection
Selection & Breeding
Genetic Engineering

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