- BIOLOGY 375. INTRODUCTION TO PLANT DEVELOPMENT
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- Winter Term, 2001 LECTURE OUTLINE
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- INTRODUCTION
- Course business
- Survey
- Concepts
- GENETIC CONTROL OF DEVELOPMENT
- Control of gene expression
- Homeotic genes
- HORMONAL CONTROL OF DEVELOPMENT
- Auxin
- -Discovery
- -Definition of a hormone
- -Structure - 3 aspects
- 1. What is an auxin?
- 2. Naturally-occurring auxins
- 3. Structure/activity relations
- -Control of development
- 1. Rice coleoptile growth
- 2. Phototropism
- -Mode of action
- 1. H+ pump
- 2. Induction of RNA/protein synthesis
- 3. Receptor proteins
- 4. Effects on cell wall
- -Synthesis
- 1. Sites of synthesis
- 2. Biochem. pathway
- -Transport
- Gibberellin
- -Discovery
- -Structure
- -Sites of synthesis
- 1. Sites
- 2. Biochem. pathway
- 3. Inhibitors
- -Transport
- -Mode of action
- -Control of development
- Cytokinin
- -Discovery
- -Structure
- -Synthesis
- 1. Sites
- 2. Biochemistry
- -Transport
- -Control of development
- 1. Bud initiation
- 2. Delay senescence
- 3. Drawing nutrients
- -Mode of action
- Abscisic acid
- Ethylene
- Miscellaneous hormones
- -Wound hormone
- -Thiamine
- -Calorigen
- -Brassinolide
- -Methyl jasmonate
- Herbicides
- -Introduction
- -Discovery
- -Types
- 1. Inhibitors of ATP synthesis
- 2. Auxin analogues
- 3. Inhibitors of cell division
- 4. Enzyme-targeted
- Chemical warfare
- LIGHT CONTROL OF DEVELOPMENT
- Introduction
- Phytochrome
- -Definition
- -Properties
- 1. Action spectrum
- 2. Structure
- 3. Stability
- 4. Different phytochromes
- 5. Location
- -Mode of action
- 1. Nature of change
- 2. What does phyt. do?
- -Functions
- 1. Simple +/- signal
- 2. R/FR ratio
- High irradiance reactions (HIRs)
- Blue light receptors
- Other light reactions
- Combined action
- SECOND MESSENGERS
- How do they work?
- What are they?
- An example - Ca+2
- CELL BIOLOGY OF PLANT DEVELOPMENT
- Cell wall
- -Structure
- 1. Microscopic
- 2. Fibrillar
- 3. Matrix
- 4. Lignin
- 5. Waxes
- 6. Dietary fiber
- -Sites of synthesis & secretion
- 1. Plasma membrane
- 2. Dictyosomes
- 3. Endoplasmic reticulum
- -Cell enlargement
- 1. Cell wall deposition
- 2. Pattern of enlargement
- 3. Orient. of microfibrils
- Microtubules
- -Structure
- -Functions
- Plastid development
- -Types
- 1. Proplastids
- 2. Chloropasts
- 3. Leucoplasts
- 4. Chromoplasts
- -Chloroplast differentiation
- Protein targeting - Protein kinesis
- ORGANOGENESIS
- Plant Embryology & Tissue Culture
- -Double fertilization -Endosperm
- -Embryo development
- 1. Structural changes
- 2. Physiological
- -Tissue culture
- -Parasexual hybridization
- -Development of polarity
- 1. Root/shoot
- 2. Controls
- Meristems
- -Centers of cell prodn. & organization
- -Root apex
- 1. Apical initials
- 2. Quiescent zone
- -Shoot apex
- -Chimeras
- 1. What are they?
- 2. Periclinal
- 3. Sectorial
- 4. Conclusions (4)
- Leaves
- -Cell mechanics
- -Adaptations
- -Phyllotaxis
- -Controls
- 1. Correlative
- 2. Environmental
- 3. Hormonal
- Juvenile phase
- Flowers
- -Cell mechanics
- -Organ identity
- -Hormonal controls
- 1. Initiation
- 2. Development
- -Sexuality
- Fruits
- -Introduction
- -Hormonal controls
- 1. Initiation
- Growth & development
- -Drop
- -Ripening
- Xylem & Phloem Differentiation
- -Introduction
- -Annual Rings
- -Reaction Wood
- -Hormonal Controls
- Abnormal Development
- -Introduction
- -Organoid Teratomata
- -Prosoplasmatic Teratomata
- -Cataplasmic Teratomata
- DEVELOPMENTAL PROCESSES
- Dormancy
- -Introduction
- -What is a seed?
- -Diversity
- 1. Structure
- 2. Physiology
- -What is dormancy?
- Dormancy - Seeds
- -Functional characteristics
- 1. Propagule
- 2. Structure
- a. 3 principal parts
- b. Storage depots
- 3. Resistance/durability
- -Synthetic Seeds
- -Germination
- 1. What is germination?
- 2. Germ. (growth) phases
- 3. Metabolic activation
- -Causes of dormancy
- 1. Immature embryo
- 2. Deficiency in growth proms.
- 3. Endogenous inhibitors
- 4. Restrictive seed coats
- -Breaking dormancy
- 1. Modification of seed coats
- 2. Environmental signals
- a. Light
- b. Temperature
- Dormancy - Terminal Buds
- -Structure
- -Breaking Dormancy
- -Induction of Dormancy
- -Internal Controls of Dormancy
- -Variations
- Apical Dominance
- Apical Control
- Senescence
- -Introduction
- -Hormonal controls
- -Biochemical changes
- -Patterns
- -Longevity
- Aging
- Abscission
- -Structural aspects
- -Hormonal controls
- Environmental Stress
- -Types
- -Adaptations
- Physiology of Plant Disease
- -Toxins
- -Nutrient Withdrawal
- -Defense Mechanisms
- -Structural Aspects
- Endogenous Rhythms
- -Introduction
- -Terminology & Concepts
- -Synchronizers (Zeitgebers)
- -The Clock
- -Types
- Photoperiodism
- -Introduction
- -Critical Day Length
- -Sensitivity
- -Timing Mechanism
- -Variations
- Vernalization
- Plant Movements
- -Introduction
- -Nutations
- -Nastic Movements
- -Tropisms
- GENETIC CONTROLS
- Introduction
- Sex Determination
- Polyploidy
- Aneuploidy
- Single Genes
- -Size & quantitative characters
- -Shape & form
- -Response to the environment
- -Homeotic genes
- OLD & NEW TECHNOLOGIES FOR PRODUCING NEW VARIETIES
- Exploration & Collection
- Selection & Breeding
- Genetic Engineering
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