First Hour Exam, Biology 230, Fall 2001


First Hour Exam, October 17, 2001

75 points total.

To view the correct answer, click on the highlighted question number or answer pointer. For multiple choice questions, the correct answer is indicated with an asterisk. In few cases, there are 2 answers with asterisks for a single question, because we decided to allow either of 2 answers.

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Note that the topics covered may change slightly in future terms, so some questions may seem out of place then.

There are 2 sections in this exam, Section I multiple-choice questions and Section II short-answer questions.

Section I. Multiple-choice questions. Answer 24 of the 26 multiple choice questions. Each is worth 1 1/2 points each for a total of 35 points.

1. Which statement is true of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

a. They contain ribosomes.
b. They have chitin cell walls.
c. They contain membrane-bound organelles.
d. They contain true nuclei.
e. They are photoautotrophic

.

2. In the 1970s, Lake Erie was said to be dying because:

a. there were not enough cyanobacteria.
b. there were too many heterotrophic bacteria.
c. the phosphate concentrations in the water were too low.
d. the O2 concentrations were too high..
e. all of the above.

.

3. Bacteria are often classified on the basis of their nutrition. Which of the following is a true statement?

a. all bacteria are prokaryotes, so they are by definition heterotrophic.
b. Methanogens derive their energy by consuming methane.
c. Some bacterial autotrophs derive energy from simple inorganic reactions.
d. All bacteria require oxygen to generate ATP.
e. The cyanobacteria are heterotrophic.

.

4. Chemoautotrophic organisms derive their energy mainly from the following sources:

a. CO2.
b. sunlight.
c. inorganic compounds.
d. organic compounds.
e. none of the above.

.

5. The endosymbiont theory holds that:

a. chloroplasts arose through engulfment of a heterotrophic bacterium.
b. chloroplasts arose from a photoautotrophic prokaryote.
c. mitochondria arose from photoautotrophic bacteria.
d. chloroplasts and mitochondria are independent organisms.
e. none of the above.

.

6. Which statement is true about chloroplasts?

a. They are found in Prokaryotes.
b. They are found in fungi.
c. Their function is to carry out cellular respiration.
d. They contain nuclei.
e. They contain ribosomes.

.

7. Which of the following characteristics is not present in at least some members of the Kingdom Protista?

a. absorptive heterotrophy
b. endosymbiosis
c. multicellularity
d. alternation of generations
e. none of the above.

.

8. Which of the following are fungus-like protista?

a. Phaeophyta.
b. Rhodophyta.
c. Ascomycetes.
d. Myxomycota.
e. none of the above

.

9. A unique feature of the Acrasiomycetes is:

a. true nuclei.
b. pseudo plasmodia.
c. absence of cell walls.
d. spores.
e. none of the above.

.

10. Which of the following is the best basis for distinguishing the phyla of fungi?

a. methods of sexual reproduction.
b. the structures related to sexual reproduction.
c. the presence or absence of cross walls separating their cells.
d. the presence or absence of fleshy fruiting (spore-bearing) bodies.
e. the presence or absence of flagella.

.

11. All fungi can reproduce:

a. sexually.
b. asexually through conjugation.
c. asexually through haustoria.
d. asexually through zoospores or nonmotile spores
e. all of the above.

.

12. The fungal filaments that penetrate and grow through the soil are called:

a. exoskeletons.
b. haustoria.
c. mushrooms.
d. hyphae.
e. sporangia.

.

13. Which of the following is true about the structures in the diagram:

a. They are sporangia.
b. This is a type of asexual reproduction.
c. The spores released can disperse the organism.
d. all of the above.
e. none of the above.



.  

14. A mushroom which you buy at a grocery market:

a. is made up of filaments.
b. produces spores.
c. is a sexual reproductive structure.
d. all of the above.
e. none of the above.

.

15. Fungi may obtain their energy (organic compounds) by:

a. decomposing dead organisms.
b. living symbiotically.
c. feeding parasitically with their haustoria.
d. all of the above.
e. none of the above.

.

16. Which statement is true of the phylum Chlorophyta?

a. These algae use photosynthetic pigments that differ from those in plants.
b. No members are multicellular.
c. They lack accessory pigments.
d. All its members are microscopic in size.
e. Syngamy (fusion of gametes) occurs only in water, i.e., requires swimming.

.

17. The Phaeophyta, Rhodophyta and Chlorophyta share the following features:

a. chloroplasts
b. chlorophyll a
c. nuclei
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

.

18. The organism shown (in part) in the figure belongs to:

a. Pyrrophyta
b. heterokonts
c. Rhodophyta
d. Ascomycota
e. none of the above



.  

19. Which statement is true of the plant-like protista (algae) in general?

a. They never have protected embryos.
b. They are photosynthetic autotrophs.
c. They possess chlorophyll a and b.
d. They are unicellular.
e. They undergo meiosis or syngamy, not both.

.

20. Which of the following parts of a fern is haploid:

a. gametophyte
b. root tip
c. leaf
d. sporophyte
e. none of the above

.

21. What is shown in the diagram?

a. a symbiotic (mutualistic) relationship.
b. a cross section of a brown alga.
c. a photoautotroph and a parasite.
d. a mushroom.
e. none of the above.

.

22. Which of the following is true about the structure shown in the diagram.

a. It produces spores.
b. It is diploid.
c. It is a Pterophyte.
d. It is a moss gametophyte.
None of the above.

.

23. The Lycophytes, the Sphenophytes and the Pterophytes all share the following feature(s):

a. spore production.
b. Chlorophyll b.
c. xylem.
d. all of the above.
e. none of the above.

.

24. Pteridophyte roots and leaves are believed to have developed from modified:

a. rhizoids and microphylls.
b. rhizoids and megaphylls.
c. stems and microphylls.
d. rhizoids and stems.
e. branches (both roots and leaves).

.

25. Which of the following is true of alternation of generations?

a. The sporophyte undergoes syngamy to produce spores.
b. The sporophyte undergoes meiosis to produce spores.
c. The gametophyte undergoes syngamy to produce spores.
d. The gametophyte undergoes meiosis to produce spores.
e. The gametophyte undergoes meiosis to produce gametes.
.

26. For the first land plants, the earliest major obstacle to overcome in adapting to land was:

a. desiccation.
b. support.
c. mineral absorption.
d. reproduction without water.
e. none of the above.


Section II.. Short answer questions. Answer 8 out of 9 (omit 1). 5 points each. Total 40 points.
Please confine your answer to the space provided. Indicate which question is omitted by writing an X over the question number.

.

27. How can bacteria form new gene combinations?___________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________

answer.

.

28. Why are the Dinophyta ecologically important?___________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________

answer.

.

29. What key characters distinguish the Dinophyta and the Bacillariophyta?________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________

answer.

.

30. What are phytoplankton? __________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________

answer.

.

31. In what ways does the xylem help plants to adapt to the terrestrial environment? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________

answer. .

32. If the rhyniophytes are entirely extinct, how can we know so much about them? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________

answer.

33. How would you distinguish between the Bryophyta and the Pterophyta? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________

answer. .

34. What are the functions of archegonia?_____________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________

answer.

.

35. Indicate with an arrow (or arrows) where meiosis occurs in the life cycle shown below.

answer.















This completes the questions from the first hour exam, Fall Term, 2001. You can return to the start of this document by clicking on Section Introduction or you can go back to
the Introduction and Preamble for all the Bio 230 exams or
to the Bio 230 home page.
Please do not scroll beyond this point; use the links to view the answers.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Answers:

from the First Hour Exam, Fall, 00.

Question 1.

Which statement is true of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

*a. They contain ribosomes.
b. They have chitin cell walls.
c. They contain membrane-bound organelles.
d. They contain true nuclei.
e. They are photoautotrophic.

[ Comment Form ]

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Question 2.

In the 1970s, Lake Erie was said to be dying because:

a. there were not enough cyanobacteria.
*b. there were too many heterotrophic bacteria
c. the phosphate concentrations in the water were too low
d. the O2 concentrations were too high.
e. all of the above.

[ Comment Form ]

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Question 3.

Bacteria are often classified on the basis of their nutrition. Which of the following is a true statement?

a. all bacteria are prokaryotes, so they are by definition heterotrophic.
b. Methanogens derive their energy by consuming methane.
*c. Some bacterial autotrophs derive energy from simple inorganic reactions.
d. All bacteria require oxygen to generate ATP.
e. The cyanobacteria are heterotrophic.

[ Comment Form ]

 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Question 4.

Chemoautotrophic organisms derive their energy mainly from the following sources:

a. CO2.
b. sunlight.
*c. inorganic compounds.
d. organic compounds.
e. none of the above.

[ Comment Form ]

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Question 5.

The endosymbiont theory holds that:

a. chloroplasts arose through engulfment of a heterotrophic bacterium.
*b. chloroplasts arose from a photoautotrophic prokaryote.
c. mitochondria arose from photoautotrophic bacteria.
d. chloroplasts and mitochondria are independent organisms.
e. none of the above.

[ Comment Form ]

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Question 6.

Which statement is true about chloroplasts?

a. They are found in Prokaryotes.
b. They are found in fungi.
c. Their function is to carry out cellular respiration.
d. They contain nuclei.
*e. They contain ribosomes.

[ Comment Form ]

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Question 7.

Which of the following characteristics is not present in at least some members of the Kingdom Protista?

a. absorptive heterotrophy
b. endosymbiosis
c. multicellularity
d. alternation of generations
*e. none of the above

[ Comment Form ]

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Question 8.

Which of the following are fungus-like protista?

a. Phaeophyta.
b. Rhodophyta.
c. Ascomycetes.
*d. Myxomycota.
e. none of the above

[ Comment Form ]

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Question 9.

A unique feature of the Acrasiomycetes is:

a. true nuclei.
*b. pseudo plasmodia.
c. absence of cell walls.
d. spores.
e. none of the above.

[ Comment Form ]

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Question 10.

Which of the following is the best basis for distinguishing the phyla of fungi?

a. methods of sexual reproduction
*b. the structures related to sexual reproduction
c. the presence or absence of cross walls separating their cells
d. the presence or absence of fleshy fruiting (spore-bearing) bodies
e. the presence or absence of flagella

[ Comment Form ]

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Question 11.

All fungi can reproduce:

a. sexually.
b. asexually through conjugation.
c. asexually through haustoria.
*d. asexually through zoospores or nonmotile spores
e. all of the above.

[ Comment Form ]

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 



 
 
 
Question 12.

The fungal filaments that penetrate and grow through the soil are called:

a. exoskeletons.
b. haustoria.
c. mushrooms.
*d. hyphae.
e. sporangia.

[ Comment Form ]

 
 
 
 
 
 




 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Question 13.

Which of the following is true about the structures in the diagram:

a. They are sporangia.
b. This is a type of asexual reproduction.
c. The spores released can disperse the organism.
*d. all of the above
e. none of the above

[ Comment Form ]

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Question 14.

A mushroom which you buy at a grocery market:

a. is made up of filaments.
b. produces spores.
c. is a sexual reproductive structure.
*d. all of the above.
e. none of the above.

[ Comment Form ]

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Question 15.

Fungi may obtain their energy (organic compounds) by:

a. decomposing dead organisms.
b. living symbiotically.
c. feeding parasitically with their haustoria.
*d. all of the above.
e. none of the above.

[ Comment Form ]

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Question 16.

Which statement is true of the phylum Chlorophyta?

a. These algae use photosynthetic pigments that differ from those in plants.
b. No members are multicellular.
c. They lack accessory pigments.
d. All its members are microscopic in size.
*e. Syngamy (fusion of gametes) occurs only in water, i.e., requires swimming.

[ Comment Form ]

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Question 17.

The Phaeophyta, Rhodophyta and Chlorophyta share the following features:

a. chloroplasts
b. chlorophyll a
c. nuclei
*d. all of the above
e. none of the above

[ Comment Form ]

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Question 18.

The organism shown (in part) in the figure belongs to:

a. Pyrrophyta
*b. heterokonts
c. Rhodophyta
d. Ascomycota
e. none of the above

[ Comment Form ]

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Question 19.

Which statement is true of the plant-like protista (algae) in general?

a. They never have protected embryos.
*b. They are photosynthetic autotrophs.
c. They possess chlorophyll a and b.
d. They are unicellular.
e. They undergo meiosis or syngamy, not both.

[ Comment Form ]

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Question 20.

Which of the following parts of a fern is haploid:

*a. gametophyte
b. root tip
c. leaf
d. sporophyte
e. none of the above

[ Comment Form ]

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Question 21.

What is shown in the diagram?

*a. a symbiotic (mutualistic) relationship
b. a cross section of a brown alga
c. a photoautotroph and a parasite
d. a mushroom
e. none of the above.

[ Comment Form ]

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Question 22.

Which of the following is true about the structure shown in the diagram.

a. It produces spores.
b. It is diploid.
*c. It is a Pterophyte.
d. It is a moss gametophyte.
e. none of the above.

[ Comment Form ]

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Question 23.

The Lycophytes, the Sphenophytes and the Pterophytes all share the following feature(s):

a. spore production.
b. Chlorophyll b.
c. xylem.
*d. all of the above.
e. none of the above.

[ Comment Form ]

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Question 24.

Pteridophyte roots and leaves are believed to have developed from modified:

a. rhizoids and microphylls.
b. rhizoids and megaphylls.
c. stems and microphylls.
d. rhizoids and stems.
*e. branches (both roots and leaves).

[ Comment Form ]

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Question 25.

Which of the following is true of alternation of generations?

a. The sporophyte undergoes syngamy to produce spores.
*b. The sporophyte undergoes meiosis to produce spores.
c. The gametophyte undergoes syngamy to produce spores.
d. The gametophyte undergoes meiosis to produce spores.
e. The gametophyte undergoes meiosis to produce gametes.
Because of problems with the answer we were seeking, we ended up granting credit to 2 answers for this question.

[ Comment Form ]

 
 
 
 
 





 
 










 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Question 26.

For the first land plants, the earliest major obstacle to overcome in adapting to land was:

*a. desiccation.
b. support.
c. mineral absorption.
d. reproduction without water.
e. none of the above.

[ Comment Form ]

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Question 27.

How can bacteria form new gene combinations?

Answer: They may exchange DNA through conjugation (a sort of sexual process) with other bacteria, transduction (pieces of DNA are carried by viruses) or transformation (DNA is released from dying cells and picked up by other cells).

[ Comment Form ]

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Question 28.

Why are the Dinophyta ecologically important?

Answer: The Dynophyta are important Phytoplankton and carry on a lot of photosynthesis in water. They may produce toxins and kill animals when they are overabundant.

[ Comment Form ]

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Question 29.

What key characters distinguish the Dinophyta from the Bacillariophyta?

Answer: The biggest difference is in the cell walls, but the flagalla also differ. The Dynophyta ususally have two heavy cellulose plates while the Bacillariophyta have two dish-like silica coverings.

[ Comment Form ]

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Question 30.

What are phytoplankton?

Answer: Phytoplankton are microscopic photosynthetic organisms suspended in oceans and lakes. Members of the Chorophyta, Bacillariophyta, and Cyanobacteria are especially important.

[ Comment Form ]

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Question 31.

In what ways does the xylem help plants to adapt to the terrestrial environment?

Answer: The Xylem provides support and an internal transport system to bring water and mineral nutrients from the soil up into the aerial parts of the plant.

[ Comment Form ]

 















Question 32.

If the rhyniophytes are entirely extinct, how can we know so much about them?

Answer:

[ Comment Form ]

 















Question 33 How would you distinguish between the Bryophyta and the Pterophyta?

Answer:

[ Comment Form ]

Question 34.

What are the functions of archegonia?

Answer:

[ Comment Form ]

 















Question 35.

Indicate with an arrow (or arrows) where meiosis occurs in the life cycle shown below.

Answer: While the cuticle is very important in limiting water loss from terrestrial plants, it also limits needed gas exchange, e.g., CO2 uptake.

[ Comment Form ]

This completes the answers from the first hour exam, Fall Term, 2001. You can return to the start of this document by clicking on Section Introduction or you can go back to
the Introduction and Preamble for all the Bio 230 exams or
to the Bio 230 home page.