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There are 2 sections in this exam, Section I multiple-choice questions and Section II short-answer questions.Section I. Multiple-choice questions. Answer 24 of the 26 multiple choice questions. Each is worth 1 1/2 points each for a total of 35 points.
1. Which statement is true of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
a. They contain ribosomes.
b. They have chitin cell walls.
c. They contain membrane-bound organelles.
d. They contain true nuclei.
e. They are photoautotrophic
2. In the 1970s, Lake Erie was said to be dying because:
a. there were not enough cyanobacteria.
b. there were too many heterotrophic bacteria.
c. the phosphate concentrations in the water were too low.
d. the O2 concentrations were too high..
e. all of the above.
3. Bacteria are often classified on the basis of their nutrition. Which of the following is a true statement?
a. all bacteria are prokaryotes, so they are by definition heterotrophic.
b. Methanogens derive their energy by consuming methane.
c. Some bacterial autotrophs derive energy from simple inorganic reactions.
d. All bacteria require oxygen to generate ATP.
e. The cyanobacteria are heterotrophic.
4. Chemoautotrophic organisms derive their energy mainly from the following sources:
a. CO2.
b. sunlight.
c. inorganic compounds.
d. organic compounds.
e. none of the above.
5. The endosymbiont theory holds that:
a. chloroplasts arose through engulfment of a heterotrophic bacterium.
b. chloroplasts arose from a photoautotrophic prokaryote.
c. mitochondria arose from photoautotrophic bacteria.
d. chloroplasts and mitochondria are independent organisms.
e. none of the above.
6. Which statement is true about chloroplasts?
a. They are found in Prokaryotes.
b. They are found in fungi.
c. Their function is to carry out cellular respiration.
d. They contain nuclei.
e. They contain ribosomes.
7. Which of the following characteristics is not present in at least some members of the Kingdom Protista?
a. absorptive heterotrophy
b. endosymbiosis
c. multicellularity
d. alternation of generations
e. none of the above.
8. Which of the following are fungus-like protista?
a. Phaeophyta.
b. Rhodophyta.
c. Ascomycetes.
d. Myxomycota.
e. none of the above
9. A unique feature of the Acrasiomycetes is:
a. true nuclei.
b. pseudo plasmodia.
c. absence of cell walls.
d. spores.
e. none of the above.
10. Which of the following is the best basis for distinguishing the phyla of fungi?
a. methods of sexual reproduction.
b. the structures related to sexual reproduction.
c. the presence or absence of cross walls separating their cells.
d. the presence or absence of fleshy fruiting (spore-bearing) bodies.
e. the presence or absence of flagella.
11. All fungi can reproduce:
a. sexually.
b. asexually through conjugation.
c. asexually through haustoria.
d. asexually through zoospores or nonmotile spores
e. all of the above.
12. The fungal filaments that penetrate and grow through the soil are called:
a. exoskeletons.
b. haustoria.
c. mushrooms.
d. hyphae.
e. sporangia.
13. Which of the following is true about the structures in the diagram:
a. They are sporangia.
b. This is a type of asexual reproduction.
c. The spores released can disperse the organism.
d. all of the above.
e. none of the above.
.
14. A mushroom which you buy at a grocery market:
a. is made up of filaments.
b. produces spores.
c. is a sexual reproductive structure.
d. all of the above.
e. none of the above.
15. Fungi may obtain their energy (organic compounds) by:
a. decomposing dead organisms.
b. living symbiotically.
c. feeding parasitically with their haustoria.
d. all of the above.
e. none of the above.
16. Which statement is true of the phylum Chlorophyta?
a. These algae use photosynthetic pigments that differ from those in plants.
b. No members are multicellular.
c. They lack accessory pigments.
d. All its members are microscopic in size.
e. Syngamy (fusion of gametes) occurs only in water, i.e., requires swimming.
17. The Phaeophyta, Rhodophyta and Chlorophyta share the following features:
a. chloroplasts
b. chlorophyll a
c. nuclei
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
18. The organism shown (in part) in the figure belongs to:
a. Pyrrophyta
b. heterokonts
c. Rhodophyta
d. Ascomycota
e. none of the above
.
19. Which statement is true of the plant-like protista (algae) in general?
a. They never have protected embryos.
b. They are photosynthetic autotrophs.
c. They possess chlorophyll a and b.
d. They are unicellular.
e. They undergo meiosis or syngamy, not both.
20. Which of the following parts of a fern is haploid:
a. gametophyte
b. root tip
c. leaf
d. sporophyte
e. none of the above
21. What is shown in the diagram?
a. a symbiotic (mutualistic) relationship.
b. a cross section of a brown alga.
c. a photoautotroph and a parasite.
d. a mushroom.
e. none of the above.
22. Which of the following is true about the structure shown in the diagram.
a. It produces spores.
b. It is diploid.
c. It is a Pterophyte.
d. It is a moss gametophyte.
None of the above.
23. The Lycophytes, the Sphenophytes and the Pterophytes all share the following feature(s):
a. spore production.
b. Chlorophyll b.
c. xylem.
d. all of the above.
e. none of the above.
24. Pteridophyte roots and leaves are believed to have developed from modified:
a. rhizoids and microphylls.
b. rhizoids and megaphylls.
c. stems and microphylls.
d. rhizoids and stems.
e. branches (both roots and leaves).
25. Which of the following is true of alternation of generations?
a. The sporophyte undergoes syngamy to produce spores.
b. The sporophyte undergoes meiosis to produce spores.
c. The gametophyte undergoes syngamy to produce spores.
d. The gametophyte undergoes meiosis to produce spores.
e. The gametophyte undergoes meiosis to produce gametes.
.
26. For the first land plants, the earliest major obstacle to overcome in adapting to land was:
a. desiccation.
b. support.
c. mineral absorption.
d. reproduction without water.
e. none of the above.
.
27. How can bacteria form new gene combinations?___________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
.28. Why are the Dinophyta ecologically important?___________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
.29. What key characters distinguish the Dinophyta and the Bacillariophyta?________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
.30. What are phytoplankton? __________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
.31. In what ways does the xylem help plants to adapt to the terrestrial environment? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
answer. .
32. If the rhyniophytes are entirely extinct, how can we know so much about them? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
33. How would you distinguish between the Bryophyta and the Pterophyta? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
answer. .
34. What are the functions of archegonia?_____________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
.35. Indicate with an arrow (or arrows) where meiosis occurs in the life cycle shown below.
*a. They contain ribosomes.
b. They have chitin cell walls.
c. They contain membrane-bound organelles.
d. They contain true nuclei.
e. They are photoautotrophic.
Question 2. In the 1970s, Lake Erie was said to be dying because:
a. there were not enough cyanobacteria.
*b. there were too many heterotrophic bacteria
c. the phosphate concentrations in the water were too low
d. the O2 concentrations were too high.
e. all of the above.
Question 3. Bacteria are often classified on the basis of their nutrition. Which of the following is a true statement?
a. all bacteria are prokaryotes, so they are by definition heterotrophic.
b. Methanogens derive their energy by consuming methane.
*c. Some bacterial autotrophs derive energy from simple inorganic reactions.
d. All bacteria require oxygen to generate ATP.
e. The cyanobacteria are heterotrophic.
Question 4. Chemoautotrophic organisms derive their energy mainly from the following sources:
a. CO2.
b. sunlight.
*c. inorganic compounds.
d. organic compounds.
e. none of the above.
Question 5. The endosymbiont theory holds that:
a. chloroplasts arose through engulfment of a heterotrophic bacterium.
*b. chloroplasts arose from a photoautotrophic prokaryote.
c. mitochondria arose from photoautotrophic bacteria.
d. chloroplasts and mitochondria are independent organisms.
e. none of the above.
Question 6. Which statement is true about chloroplasts?
a. They are found in Prokaryotes.
b. They are found in fungi.
c. Their function is to carry out cellular respiration.
d. They contain nuclei.
*e. They contain ribosomes.
Question 7. Which of the following characteristics is not present in at least some members of the Kingdom Protista?
a. absorptive heterotrophy
b. endosymbiosis
c. multicellularity
d. alternation of generations
*e. none of the above
Question 8. Which of the following are fungus-like protista?
a. Phaeophyta.
b. Rhodophyta.
c. Ascomycetes.
*d. Myxomycota.
e. none of the above
Question 9. A unique feature of the Acrasiomycetes is:
a. true nuclei.
*b. pseudo plasmodia.
c. absence of cell walls.
d. spores.
e. none of the above.
Question 10. Which of the following is the best basis for distinguishing the phyla of fungi?
a. methods of sexual reproduction
*b. the structures related to sexual reproduction
c. the presence or absence of cross walls separating their cells
d. the presence or absence of fleshy fruiting (spore-bearing) bodies
e. the presence or absence of flagella
Question 11. All fungi can reproduce:
a. sexually.
b. asexually through conjugation.
c. asexually through haustoria.
*d. asexually through zoospores or nonmotile spores
e. all of the above.
Question 12. The fungal filaments that penetrate and grow through the soil are called:
a. exoskeletons.
b. haustoria.
c. mushrooms.
*d. hyphae.
e. sporangia.
Question 13. Which of the following is true about the structures in the diagram:
a. They are sporangia.
b. This is a type of asexual reproduction.
c. The spores released can disperse the organism.
*d. all of the above
e. none of the above
Question 14. A mushroom which you buy at a grocery market:
a. is made up of filaments.
b. produces spores.
c. is a sexual reproductive structure.
*d. all of the above.
e. none of the above.
Question 15. Fungi may obtain their energy (organic compounds) by:
a. decomposing dead organisms.
b. living symbiotically.
c. feeding parasitically with their haustoria.
*d. all of the above.
e. none of the above.
Question 16. Which statement is true of the phylum Chlorophyta?
a. These algae use photosynthetic pigments that differ from those in plants.
b. No members are multicellular.
c. They lack accessory pigments.
d. All its members are microscopic in size.
*e. Syngamy (fusion of gametes) occurs only in water, i.e., requires swimming.
Question 17. The Phaeophyta, Rhodophyta and Chlorophyta share the following features:
a. chloroplasts
b. chlorophyll a
c. nuclei
*d. all of the above
e. none of the above
Question 18. The organism shown (in part) in the figure belongs to:
a. Pyrrophyta
*b. heterokonts
c. Rhodophyta
d. Ascomycota
e. none of the above
Question 19. Which statement is true of the plant-like protista (algae) in general?
a. They never have protected embryos.
*b. They are photosynthetic autotrophs.
c. They possess chlorophyll a and b.
d. They are unicellular.
e. They undergo meiosis or syngamy, not both.
Question 20. Which of the following parts of a fern is haploid:
*a. gametophyte
b. root tip
c. leaf
d. sporophyte
e. none of the above
Question 21. What is shown in the diagram?
*a. a symbiotic (mutualistic) relationship
b. a cross section of a brown alga
c. a photoautotroph and a parasite
d. a mushroom
e. none of the above.
Question 22. Which of the following is true about the structure shown in the diagram.
a. It produces spores.
b. It is diploid.
*c. It is a Pterophyte.
d. It is a moss gametophyte.
e. none of the above.
Question 23. The Lycophytes, the Sphenophytes and the Pterophytes all share the following feature(s):
a. spore production.
b. Chlorophyll b.
c. xylem.
*d. all of the above.
e. none of the above.
Question 24. Pteridophyte roots and leaves are believed to have developed from modified:
a. rhizoids and microphylls.
b. rhizoids and megaphylls.
c. stems and microphylls.
d. rhizoids and stems.
*e. branches (both roots and leaves).
Question 25. Which of the following is true of alternation of generations?
a. The sporophyte undergoes syngamy to produce spores.
*b. The sporophyte undergoes meiosis to produce spores.
c. The gametophyte undergoes syngamy to produce spores.
d. The gametophyte undergoes meiosis to produce spores.
e. The gametophyte undergoes meiosis to produce gametes.
Because of problems with the answer we were seeking, we ended up granting credit to 2 answers for this question.
Question 26. For the first land plants, the earliest major obstacle to overcome in adapting to land was:
*a. desiccation.
b. support.
c. mineral absorption.
d. reproduction without water.
e. none of the above.
Question 27. How can bacteria form new gene combinations?
Answer: They may exchange DNA through conjugation (a sort of sexual process) with other bacteria, transduction (pieces of DNA are carried by viruses) or transformation (DNA is released from dying cells and picked up by other cells).
Question 28. Why are the Dinophyta ecologically important?
Answer: The Dynophyta are important Phytoplankton and carry on a lot of photosynthesis in water. They may produce toxins and kill animals when they are overabundant.
Question 29. What key characters distinguish the Dinophyta from the Bacillariophyta?
Answer: The biggest difference is in the cell walls, but the flagalla also differ. The Dynophyta ususally have two heavy cellulose plates while the Bacillariophyta have two dish-like silica coverings.
Question 30. What are phytoplankton?
Answer: Phytoplankton are microscopic photosynthetic organisms suspended in oceans and lakes. Members of the Chorophyta, Bacillariophyta, and Cyanobacteria are especially important.
Question 31. In what ways does the xylem help plants to adapt to the terrestrial environment?
Answer: The Xylem provides support and an internal transport system to bring water and mineral nutrients from the soil up into the aerial parts of the plant.
Question 32. If the rhyniophytes are entirely extinct, how can we know so much about them?
Answer:
Question 33 How would you distinguish between the Bryophyta and the Pterophyta?
Answer:
Answer:
Question 35. Indicate with an arrow (or arrows) where meiosis occurs in the life cycle shown below.
Answer: While the cuticle is very important in limiting water loss from terrestrial plants, it also limits needed gas exchange, e.g., CO2 uptake.