Interesting Tools
This is by no means a comprehensive list, but merely meant to
highlight some of the more useful and flexible tools available. Any
of these, with the exception of Opera and WinAmp, can be freely
modified, customized or re-distributed. It is even possible to use
only the relevant components and remove the rest. It is possible to
purchase support, training, custom development or professional
services. Some companies specialize in a specific product. It is
also possible to form project groups to add specific functionality
or features.
All of these tools rely on open standards, which means that it
is easier to replace or combine them with other tools.
This page has moved to a new location
Useful Software for Desktops and Public Terminals
These tools can be useful on staff desktop machines or some
public terminals:
- Productivity tools or suites
-
- LibreOffice

- Productivity suite including a word processor, spreadsheet,
presentation graphics, vector graphics, and an equation editor.
Handles styles and long documents very well. Supports
EU-recommended, XML-based, international file format
OpenDocument.
-
- Writer - word processing
- Calc - spread sheet
- Impress - presentation graphics
- Draw - vector graphics
- Base - front end for relational databses
- Available in many languages. Support may be purchased from many
sources.
- http://www.libreoffice.org/
- StarOffice
aka StarSuite

- Similar to OpenOffice.org, but with paid support and available
only in ten languages.
-
http://www.sun.com/software/star/staroffice/faq.xml
- Koffice

- Integrated office suite for KDE, the K Desktop Environment.
Also includes diagramming, vector drawing, bitmapped image editing,
project management, formula editor and report generator. On the way
to being ported to more platforms.
- KWord - frame-based word-processing and desktop publishing
- KSpread - scriptable, table-oriented spreadsheet
- KPresenter - presentation graphics
- Kexi - integrated data management for creating databases,
inserting data, performing queries, and processing data
- Kivio - diagramming and flowcharting
- Karbon14 - vector drawing
- Krita - painting and image editing
- KPlato - project management
- KChart - chart drawing
- KFormula - create and edit mathematical formulas
- Kugar - report generator
Available in many languages.
- http://www.koffice.org/
- Lyx

- LyX is a document processor, based on Prof. Knuth's legendary
TeX typesetting engine, that encourages an approach to writing
based on the structure of your documents.
- http://www.lyx.org/
-
- Financial Management
-
- GnuCash

- Personal and small-business financial-accounting software. i
Easy to use, yet powerful and flexible. Track bank accounts,
stocks, income and expenses. Quick and intuitive to use like a
checkbook and based on professional accounting principles to ensure
balanced books and accurate reports.
- http://www.gnucash.org/
- KMyMoney

- Personal and small-business double-entry accounting accounting
software. Very easy to use, especially for non-technical
people.
- http://kmymoney2.sourceforge.net/
- HomeBank

- Personal and small-business financial-accounting software.
- http://homebank.free.fr/
- TurboCash

- Personal and small-business financial-accounting software
including debtors, creditors, general ledger, full stock control,
VAT accounting, invoicing, bank reconciliation, trial balance,
balance sheet and income statements, full reporting and analysis,
as well as mutli-company and multi-user capabilities.
- http://www.turbocashuk.com/
-
- Point-of-Sale
-
- OpenBravo
POS

- Point of Sale system with optional integration with an ERP.
Highly configurable and suitable to any environment. Designed with
touch screens in mind.
- http://www.openbravo.com/product/pos/
-
- Document Management
- These are server-based, but the user will never notice.
- O3Spaces
- http://o3spaces.org/
- Lenya
- http://lenya.apache.org/
- SugardCRM
- http://www.sugarforge.org/content/open-source/
- Alfresco
- http://www.alfresco.com/products/
- Main
pyrus
- http://www.mainpyrus.org/
- Nuxeo
- http://www.nuxeo.com/en/
- Browsers
-
- Firefox

- Small and fast. Extensible with add-ons. Secure.
- http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox/
- Chromium

- Small and fast. Extensible with add-ons. Secure.
- http://www.chromium.org/
- Opera

- Not open source but smallest, fastest and secure.
- http://www.opera.com/
- Seamonkey

- Web-browser, advanced e-mail and newsgroup client, chat client,
and HTML editing. Flexible and secure. Formerly called
Mozilla.
- http://www.mozilla.org/projects/seamonkey/
- Mail
-
- Thunderbird

- Fast, secure, spam filters, sorting.
- http://www.mozilla.org/products/thunderbird/
- SeaMonkey

- Advanced e-mail, web browser and newsgroup client, chat client,
and HTML editing
- http://www.mozilla.org/projects/seamonkey/
- Eudora

- Now open source but limited to Mac OS 9, OS X, and MS-Windows
but otherwise excellent. Soon to be merged with Thunderbird.
- http://eudora.com/
- Alpine

- Alpine is a fast, easy to use email client based on the Pine
Message System. It is developed at the University of Washington.
Alpine boasts that it is suitable for both inexperienced email
users and the most demanding power users.
- http://www.washington.edu/alpine/
- RoundCube

- RoundCube is a IMAP webmail client written in PHP and with an
application-like user interface. It provides full e-mail client
functionality, including MIME support, address book, folder
manipulation, message searching and spell checking.
- http://roundcube.net/
- Integrated Scheduling/PIM/Mail
-
- Kolab

- Kolab is an open source, standards-based groupware server. It
is a product of a series of contracts for the federal office for
Security in the Information Technology in the German Government.
Support contracts are available from several sources including ones
in Sweden. It is maintained by the Kolab consortium.
- http://www.kolab.org/
- Citadel

- Citadel is fully open source with end-to-end GPLv3. It has been
production grade for several years.
- http://www.citadel.org/
- Dingo Calendar
Server

- CalDAV server using MySQL written in Perl.
- http://andrew.triumf.ca/dingo/
- Darwin
CalendarServer

- A standards-compliant calendar server.
- http://trac.calendarserver.org/
- Bedework

- A standards-compliant enterprise calendar server designed in
particular for higher education.
- http://www.bedework.org/
- Zimbra

- Messaging, calendar, collaboration. Owned by Yahoo.
- http://www.zimbra.com/
- OpenGroupware

- Messaging, calendar, task managing, resource planning,
collaboration.
- http://www.opengroupware.org/
- Mail Transfer Agents (MTA)
-
- simta
- http://rsug.itd.umich.edu/software/simta/
- Dovecot

- http://www.dovecot.org/
- Postfix

- http://www.postfix.org/
- Exim

- http://www.exim.org/
- Sendmail

- http://www.sendmail.org/
- Mailing List Managers
-
- Mailman

- Manage electronic mail discussion and e-newsletter lists via
messages or a web interface. Supports built-in archiving, automatic
bounce processing, content filtering, digest delivery, spam
filters, and more.
- http://www.gnu.org/software/mailman/
- Sympa

- Manage electronic mail discussion and e-newsletter lists via
messages or a web interface. Supports built-in archiving, automatic
bounce processing, content filtering, digest delivery, spam
filters, and more.
- https://www.sympa.org/
- Video
-
- Kdenlive

- Kdenlive is an easy to use and powerful mutli-track video
editor.
- http://www.kdenlive.org/
- OpenShot

- OpenShot is an easy to use and powerful mutli-track video
editor.
- http://www.openshotvideo.com/
- Kino
- Kino is a non-linear DV editor for GNU/Linux. It features
excellent integration with IEEE-1394 for capture, VTR control, and
recording back to the camera. It captures video to disk in Raw DV
and AVI format, in both type-1 DV and type-2 DV (separate audio
stream) encodings.
- Also, Kino can export the composite movie in a number of
formats: DV over IEEE 1394, Raw DV, DV AVI, still frames, WAV, MP3,
Ogg Vorbis, MPEG-1, MPEG-2, and MPEG-4. Still frame import and
export uses gdk-pixbuf, which has support for BMG, GIF, JPEG, PNG,
PPM, SVG, Targa, TIFF, and XPM.
- http://kino.schirmacher.de/
- CinePaint

- A painting program used by motion picture studios to retouch
images in 35mm films including frame-by-frame retouching, dirt
removal, wire rig removal, render repair, background plates, and 3d
model textures. It was formerly called Film Gimp. It has been used
in a dozen feature films including Harry Potter,
Scooby-Doo, The Last Samuraiand the
Fast & the Furious.
- http://www.cinepaint.org/
- Cinelerra
- http://heroinewarrior.com/cinelerra.php3
- Audio
- Audio Editing
-
- Audacity

- Audacity is free, open source software for recording and
editing sounds.
- Record live audio. Convert tapes and records into digital
recordings or CDs. Edit Ogg Vorbis, MP3, and WAV sound files. Cut,
copy, splice, and mix sounds together. Change the speed or pitch of
a recording.
- http://audacity.sourceforge.net/
- Ardour

- Ardour is a digital audio workstation. You can use it to
record, edit and mix multi-track audio. (For advanced users.)
- http://ardour.org/
- Canorus

- Canorus is a sequel to NoteEdit,a free cross-platform music
score editor.
- http://canorus.berlios.de/
- Lilypond

- LilyPond is an automated engraving system to format music
notation beautifully without requiring typographical expertise.
(For advanced users.)
- http://lilypond.org/web/
- Denemo may be
useful to try with Lilypond. It is nota WYSIWYG editor,
but a fast graphical front end to Lilypond.
- http://denemo.sourceforge.net/
- Rosegarden

- Rosegarden is an audio and MIDI sequencer, score editor, and
general-purpose music composition and editing environment.
- http://www.rosegardenmusic.com/
- Audio players
-
- Clementine

- Clementine is a multiplatform music player inspired by Amarok
1.4. It is fast and easy use and plays music and internet
radio.
- http://www.clementine-player.org/
- Rhythmbox

- Rhythmbox is an easy to use player inspired by iTunes. It has a
variety of plug-ins to extend its functionality.
- http://www.rhythmbox.org/
- XMMS

- XMMS is a multimedia player for unix systems and can play media
files such as MP3, MOD's, WAV and others, such as Ogg Vorbis, with
the use of Input plugins. XMMS is mainly targeted at music
playback. For five years in a row XMMS has been voted Favourite
Audio Tool by the readers of LinuxJournal.
- http://www.xmms.org/
- Winamp

- Winamp is not open source, but there is a no-fee version as
well as a paid version.
- http://www.winamp.com/
- Graphics
- Gimp

- The GIMP is the GNU Image Manipulation Program. Excellent for
digital photography or other RGB image manipulation. Not a
competitor to Photoshop, but still more powerful than what most
users or your average digital photographer will need.
- http://www.gimp.org/
- Krita

- Painting and image editing application for KOffice.
- http://www.koffice.org/krita/
- Blender

- Blender is an integrated suite of tools for the creation of 3D
content. It offers full functionality for modelling, rendering,
animation, post-production, creation and playback of interactive 3D
content. (For advanced users.)
- http://www.blender.org/
- Scribus

- Scribus is a desktop publishing tool that includes professional
publishing features, such as CMYK color, separations, ICC color
management and versatile PDF creation.
- http://www.scribus.net/
- Inkscape

- A vector graphics editor, similar to Illustrator, Freehand,
CorelDraw, or Xara X, and uses the Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG)
file format which is a W3C standard. A large library of clip art is
available.
- http://inkscape.org/
- Electronics
-
- Kicad

- Create electronic schematic diagrams and printed circuit board
artwork. Contains components for managing a design project,
schematic entry, board editing, viewing photoplotter documents, and
footprint selecting components used in the circuit design.
- http://iut-tice.ujf-grenoble.fr/KICAD/
- http://www.kicadlib.org/
- Fritzing

- Electronic Design Automation software to create a PCB layout
for manufacturing. Covering the steps from prototyping through to
creating an actual product. Fritzing is developed by researchers in
the Interaction Design Lab at the University of Applied Sciences
Potsdam, Germany.
- http://fritzing.org/
- Data Visualization
-
- Cytoscape

- A java-based tool for network analysis to visualize interaction
networks and pathways and integrate networks with annotations.
Originally for bioinformatics and molecular interaction. Core
functionality is expandible through plugins.
- http://www.cytoscape.org/
- Graphviz

- A tool for displaying structural information and interrelations
as abstract graphs of networks.
- http://www.graphviz.org/
- Chat / Instant Messaging
- Pidgin

- Pidgin (formerly called Gaim) is a multi-protocol instant
messaging (IM) client for Linux, BSD, MacOS X, and Windows. It is
compatible with AIM and ICQ (Oscar protocol), MSN Messenger,
Yahoo!, IRC, Jabber, Gadu-Gadu, SILC, GroupWise Messenger, and
Zephyr networks.
- http://pidgin.im/
- There is also an encryption plug-in for Pidgin.
- http://pidgin-encrypt.sourceforge.net/
- Jabber
- Jabber is an open, secure, ad-free instant messaging tool for
services like AIM, ICQ, MSN, and Yahoo. Under the hood, Jabber is a
set of streaming XML protocols and technologies that enable any two
entities on the Internet to exchange messages, presence, and other
structured information in close to real time.
- http://www.jabber.org/
- Web Site
Editing
- Amaya

- Amaya is a HTML + CSS style sheets editor from the World Wide
Web Consortium. It also supports XML and an increasing number of
XML applications such as XHTML, MathML, and SVG.
- http://www.w3.org/Amaya/
- Arachnophilia

- A Java-based HTML editor.
- http://www.arachnoid.com/arachnophilia/
- Bluefish

- Bluefish is a powerful and flexible web editor for experienced
web designers and programmers.
- http://bluefish.openoffice.nl/
- Kompozer

- Komposer is formerly part of the Mozilla Suite and is a very
good, but simple to use editor for individual web pages.
- http://www.kompozer.net/
- Quanta Plus

- Quanta Plus is an extendable XML editor and so can handle XHTML
as well as Docbook.
- http://quanta.kdewebdev.org/
- Statistics
- Octave

- GNU Octave is a high-level language for numerical computations
and can be used as a batch-oriented language. It solves linear and
nonlinear problems numerically, and performs other numerical
experiments using a language that is mostly compatible with
Matlab.
- http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/octave.html
- R

- R is a language and environment for statistical computing and
graphics. It provides a wide variety of statistical (linear and
nonlinear modelling, classical statistical tests, time-series
analysis, classification, clustering, ...) and graphical
techniques, and is highly extensible.
- http://www.r-project.org/
- GNUplot

- A portable command-line driven interactive data and function
plotting utility for many platforms. Plots in either 2D and 3D. It
can draw using lines, points, boxes, contours, vector fields,
surfaces, and various associated text. It also supports various
specialized plot types.
- http://www.gnuplot.info/
- Miscellaneous
- KStars

- Kstars is an easy to use desktop planetarium with detailed star
charts and the ability to simulate a real time view from any
date/time, longitude and lattitute. It provides an accurate
graphical simulation of the night sky, from any location on Earth,
at any date and time. The display includes 130,000 stars, 13,000
deep-sky objects, all 8 planets, the Sun and Moon, and thousands of
comets and asteroids.
- http://edu.kde.org/kstars/
- Zim

- Zim is intended to keep track of TODO lists or to serve as a
personal scratch book. It provides a WYSIWYG text editor which
brings the concept of a wiki to your desktop, even using wiki
markup. Pages can contain links to other pages, and are saved
automatically. Creating a new page is as easy as linking to a
non-existing page. Pages are ordered in a hierarchical structure
that gives it the look and feel of an outliner.
- http://zim-wiki.org/
Useful Server-side Tools
These tools can be used to provide useful services for library
patrons and staff:
- Networked Storage
-
- Samba

- Samba is an Open Source/Free Software suite that provides
seamless network storage and print services to SMB/CIFS clients.
Rather quick to install and configure.
- http://us2.samba.org/samba/
- OpenAFS

- AFS is a distributed filesystem, useful for networked storage,
pioneered at Carnegie Mellon University and supported and developed
as a product by Transarc Corporation (now IBM Pittsburgh Labs). It
offers a client-server architecture for networked storage (akast
file sharing), providing location independence, scalability and
transparent migration capabilities for data.
- http://openafs.org/
- ZFS
![ZFS]()
- ZFS uses a pooled storage model with the goal to eliminate use
of volumes and the associated problems of partitions, provisioning,
wasted bandwidth and stranded storage.
-
http://www.opensolaris.org/os/community/zfs/whatis/
- Useful Server-based Tools
-
- RequestTracker

- RT is an open source issue tracking / workflow program (aka
electronic reference desk) by Best Practical Solutions LLC. Used by
universities, government agencies and Fortune 100 companies. RT
doesn't cost anything to copy or use, no matter how much you use
it, but RT is commercially supported software.
- http://www.bestpractical.com/rt/
- Koha

- Koha is the first open-source Integrated Library System (ILS),
developed initially in New Zealand by Katipo Communications Ltd and
Horowhenua Library Trust. It is MARC and UNIMARC compliant and uses
perl, MySQL, and Apache.
- http://www.koha-community.org/
- Evergreen

- An open source Integrated Library System maintained by the
Georgia Public Library Service for use by the Georgia Library PINES
Program, a consortium of 252 public libraries in Georgia (USA). It
uses perl, Postgresql, Apache, Jabber and XUL.
- http://www.open-ils.org/
- Greenstone

- Greenstone is an open source, multi-lingual suite of software
for building and distributing digital library collections. It is
produced by the New Zealand Digital Library Project at the
University of Waikato, and developed and distributed in cooperation
with UNESCO and the Human Info NGO
- http://www.greenstone.org/greenstone3-home
- Squid

- Squid is one of the most popular full-featured Web proxy cache
systems. It supports proxying and caching of HTTP, FTP, and other
URLs, proxying for SSL, cache hierarchies, caching of DNS lookups,
and much more. Highly configurable.
- http://www.squid-cache.org/
- Varnish

- Varnish is designed from the ground up to be an http
accelerator, a caching reverse proxy. Memory usage and Edge-Side
Includes are noteworthy improvements.
- http://www.varnish-cache.org/
- Pound

- Pound is a reverse proxy, load balancer and HTTPS front-end for
Web server(s) developed to enable distributing the load among
several Web-servers and to allow for a convenient SSL wrapper for
those Web servers that do not offer it natively. Pound is both very
small and does not access the hard-disk at all.
- http://www.apsis.ch/pound/
- Asterisk

- Asterisk is a software private branch exchange (PBX) system,
aka a business telephone system, which provides a mix of
traditional and VOIP telephone services. Asterisk can be connected
to PSTN trunk lines, telephone lines, T1, and E1 lines and supports
various VOIP protocols like SIP and H.323. It includes functions
like voice mail, conference calling, interactive voice response
(phone menus), call queuing and automatic call distribution.
- http://www.asterisk.org/
- Askozia

- A complete telephone system. It can speak to nearly any
telephony technology. It is highly configurable via a web GUI and
designed to run on low-resource systems, built on a Linux
distribution and using less than 20MB.
- http://www.askozia.com/
- Web Servers
- The following three web servers can be used almost
interchangeable, though they vary in functionality.
- Apache

- Exceptionally powerful and flexible modular web server. Apache
has been the most popular web server on the Internet since April
1996.
- http://httpd.apache.org/
- Lighttpd

- Powerful and flexible web server, with smaller resource
demands.
- http://www.lighttpd.net/
- nginx

- Tiny and powerful modular web server.
- http://nginx.net/
- Terminal Servers
- Linux Terminal Server Project

- LTSP is an add-on package for Linux that allows you to connect
lots of low-powered thin client terminals to a Linux server.
Applications typically run on the server, and accept input and
display their output on the thin client display. Allows really
old/slow computers to perform faster by using the server for
processing and the old/slow computer only for dislay, input and
output.
- http://ltsp.org/
- K12Linux in Schools
Project

- K12LTSP is based on RedHat Fedora Linux and the LTSP terminal
server packages. It lets you boot diskless workstations from an
applications server. You can use old PC's as diskless clients or
buy new ones for under 200 € each, since all applications run
on the terminal server itself and not on the client. Workstations
are "thin" and have no software or hard drives. Thin-clients are
perfect for schools because they are easy to install and require
little maintenance. They are reliable and immune to malicious
tampering and viruses.
- http://www.k12ltsp.org/
- Interesting Distros
- Ubuntu Linux

- Ubuntu is a complete Linux-based operating system, freely
available with both community and professional support. The current
Ubuntu release supports Intel x86 (IBM-compatible PC) and AMD64
architectures. Ubuntu includes more than 16,000 pieces of software,
but the core installation fits on a single CD.
- Support can be found on the Ubuntu Forums.
- Ubuntu uses the Gnome graphical desktop environment by
default. Two variations, Kubuntu and Xubuntu, install KDE
and Xfce, respectively, by default. Lubuntu uses the
LXDE desktop environment, by far the smallest, leanest and
fastest. But of course it is possible to add or replace any you
wish. It is possible to have several desktops installed on the same
system, though you can only use one at a time.
- Edubuntu is especially designed for school environments and use
by children. It works well even in a home environment.
-
- Nexenta (Ubuntu Solaris)

- Nexenta uses the OpenSolaris kernel with Ubuntu (debian
testing) userland programs and utilities.
- http://www.nexenta.org/
- Skolelinux

- Skolelinux is made as free (as in speech) software, and is an
overall computer solution based on school's resources and needs. It
is a customized Debian distribution. Skolelinux is a network
architecture tailored for use in schools, developed and supported
by a large and growing international community, designed to be easy
and cheap to maintain and gives the students their own usernames,
home directories and services.
- http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEdu/
- Debian

- Debian is a free (as in speech) operating system for your
computer. Debian uses the Linux kernel (the core of an operating
system), but most of the basic OS tools come from the GNU project;
hence the name GNU/Linux. It provides more than a pure OS: it comes
with over 15490 packages, precompiled software bundled up in a nice
format for easy installation on your machine.
- http://www.debian.org/
- Haiku

- Fast, simple to use, easy to learn and very powerful open
source operating system. Inspired by and compatible with BeOS.
- http://www.haiku-os.org/
- SchilliX
- Schillix is a complete OpenSource operating system based on
OpenSolaris' code base.
- http://schillix.berlios.de/
- Very Specialized Systems
-
- Contiki
- Open source, highly portable, multi-tasking operating system
for memory-efficient networked embedded systems and networks of
wireless sensors. Supports IPv6 and 6LOWPAN.
- http://www.sics.se/contiki/
- μClinux
- A port of Linux to embedded and microcontroller systems without
Memory Management Units (MMU). Includes kernels, libraries,
development tools, and user applictions.
- http://www.uclinux.org/
- Live CD's
- Live CD's are distros that run directly from the CD-ROM,
leaving the hard disk unchanged.
-
- KNOPPIX

- KNOPPIX is a bootable Live system on CD or DVD. It contains a
representative collection of GNU/Linux software, automatic hardware
detection, and support for many graphics cards, sound cards, SCSI
and USB devices and other peripherals. It can be used as a
functioning Linux for the desktop, an educational CD, rescue
system, or customized and used as a platform for commercial
software product demos.
- http://www.knoppix.org/
- Finnix

- Finnix is a self-contained, bootable Linux CD distribution for
system administrators. You can mount and manipulate hard drives and
partitions, monitor networks, rebuild boot records, install other
operating systems, and much more. This is a LiveCD based on Debian
-Testing.
- http://www.finnix.org/
- Ubuntu
- Ubuntu, Kubuntu, Xubuntu, Lubuntu all come as dual-purpose
install or Live CD. To get that, use the Desktop CD, as opposed to
the Server CD or Alternate CD.
- BeleniX

- BeleniX is an OpenSolaris Distribution which runs directly off
the CD. It includes all the features of OpenSolaris, plus a whole
variety of other open source packages.
- http://www.belenix.org/
- MilaX

- MilaX is a small Live CD distribution for a CD or a USB
pendrive, based on Solaris Nevada. It includes basic features, but
is nonetheless a fully functional distro.
- http://www.milax.org/
- Cross-platform development kits
- There are sometimes things that are easier to do with a piece
of dedicated client software than via a web interface. However,
then the big risk is getting locked into a specific platform. You
avoid that by using QTK+, Qt, or wxWidgets.
- Qt

- Used even in mobile phones.
- http://qt.nokia.com/products/
- GTK+

- GTK+ is a multi-platform toolkit for creating graphical user
interfaces. GTK+ has a complete set of widgets and is suitable for
projects ranging from small one-off projects to complete
application suites. It is Free Software and part of the GNU
Project. However, the licensing terms for GTK+, the GNU LGPL, allow
it to be used by all developers, including those developing
proprietary software, without any license fees or royalties.
- http://www.gtk.org/
- wxWidgets

- wxWidgets is also a multi-platform toolkit for creating
graphical user interfaces. Audacity and the VLC media player are
two well known applications built using wxWidgets.
- http://wxwidgets.org/
- Java
Swing
- A comprehensive set of Graphical User Interface components and
services to enable the development of quality desktop and Internet
applications the Open Source programming language Java.
-
http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/uiswing/
- Graphical Desktop Environments
-
- KDE

- KDE is a powerful Free Software graphical desktop environment
for Linux, Unix and similar workstations. It is highly flexible,
exceptionally customizable, and easy to use. KDE has a kiosk mode
useful for kiosks and public terminals.
- http://www.kde.org/
- Xfce

- Xfce is a lightweight desktop environment and aims to be fast
and lightweight, while still being visually appealing and easy to
use.
- http://www.xfce.org/
- Openbox

- Openbox is yet another window manager for X. It is very
small.
- http://www.openbox.org/
- Fluxbox

- Fluxbox is yet another window manager for X. It has KDE
support, but is much, much smaller.
- http://fluxbox.sourceforge.net/
- Fvwm

- FVWM is an extremely powerful ICCCM-compliant multiple virtual
desktop window manager for the X Window system with active
development and support.
- http://fvwm.org/
-
- Fvwm-crystal

- FVWM-crystal adds decorations and other customizations to FVWM.
Comparing FVWM-crystal with plain FVWM shows just how much the user
interface can be customized.
- http://www.fvwm-crystal.org/
- Other Kernels
- Nearly all users and even most programmers will not notice one
way or the other which kernel is used. However, depending on the
service or activity, one kernel may offer advantages over another.
It's generally not a big deal, though. Generally, the applications
and tools are the same and based on the GNU project.
- Linux

- Common versions of the kernel are 2.2, 2.4, and 2.6. Not to be
confused with linux distributions , which are
complete operating sytstems plus applications.
- http://www.kernel.org/
- BSD

- There are four variants: FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD and
DragonFlyBSD each with a special focus. Advances in one are usually
quickly ported to the others. The newer Macintoshes have been using
BSD since about 2000.
-
- QNX

- A hybrid open/closed source, yet very reliable microkernel
whose main selling point is reliability for years at a time. Source
is fully available for use and modification but not
redistribution.
- http://www.qnx.com/
- Haiku

- The kernel is a modular hybrid inspired by and compatible with
BeOS. See Haiku in Distros above.
Mon Jan 9 16:27:25 EET 2012
