H. ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDIES OF HIERARCHICAL SOCIETY

Alconini, S.

1995 Rito, Simbolo e História en la Piramide de Akapana, Tiwanaku: Un análisis de Cerámica Ceremonial Prehispánica. Editorial Acción, La Paz.

Agurto, S.

1980 Cuzco: La Traza Urbana de la Ciudad Inca. Cuzco.

1987 Estudios acerca de la construcción arquitectura y planeamiento Incas. Lima: Cámara Peruana de la Construcción.

Albarracin-Jordan, J.

1992 Prehispanic and Early Colonial Settlement Patterns in the Lower Tiwanaku Valley, Bolivia. PhD dissertation, Southern Methodist University. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor.

1996a Tiwanaku: Arqueología Regional y Dinamica Segmentaria. Editores Plural, La Paz.

1996b Tiwanaku Settlement System: the Integration of Nested Hierarchies in the Lower Tiwanaku Valley. Latin American Antiquity 7:183-210.

Albarracin-Jordan, J., C. Lemuz, and J. Paz

1993 Investigaciones en Kallamarka: Primer Informe de Prospección. Textos Antropológicos 6:11-123. Carrera de Antropología-Arqueología, Universidad de San Andrés, La Paz.

Albarracin-Jordan, J., and J. Mathews (eds.)

1991 Los Asentamientos Prehispánicos en el Valle de Tiwanaku, Vol. 1. La Paz, Bolivia: Producciones CIMA.

Alcina, J.

1970 Excavaciones en Chinchero (Cuzco): Temporadas de 1968-69. Revista Española de Antropología Americana 5:99-121.

1971 El Sistema Urbanistico de Chinchero. Revista del Museo Nacional, 37: 124-34. Lima.

1978 Ingapirca: Arquitectura y Areas de Asentamiento. Revista Española de Antropología Americana, 8:127-146.

1980 Juegos y Ritual Funerario en Chincheros (Cuzco). In R. Matos (ed.), El Hombre y la Cultura Andina, Segunda Serie, 4: 441-456. Lima.

Alcina, J., et al.

1976 Arqueología de Chinchero. Two vols. Madrid.

Aldenderfer, M. (ed.)

1993 Domestic Architecture, Ethnicity, and Complementarity in the South-Central Andes. Iowa City: Univ. of Iowa Press.

Alva, W.

1986 Las Salinas de Chao, un Asentamiento Temprano: Observaciones y Problematica. Kommission fur Allgemeinc und Vergleichende Archaologie des Deutschen Archaologischen Institus Bonn, Band 34, Munchen, Germany.

1990 New Tomb of Royal Splendor. National Geographic Magazine 177:2-15.

1992 El Señor de Sipán. Revista del Museo de Arqueología 3:51-64. Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo, Peru.

1993 Royal Tombs of Sipan. Fowler Museum of Culture History, University of California at Los Angeles.

1994 Sipán. Cervecería Backus and Johnston, Lima.

Alva, W., and C. Donnan

1993 Royal Tombs of Sipan. Fowler Museum of Culture History, University of California at Los Angeles.

Amat, H.

1976 Estudios Arqueológicos en la Cuenca del Mosna y en el Alto Marañon. Actas del 41 Congreso Internacional de Americanistas, 3: 532-44.

Anders, M.

1981 Investigations of State Storage Facilities in Pampa Grande, Peru. Journal of Field Archaeology, 8: 391-404.

1986 Wari Experiments in Statecraft: A View from Azangaro. In R. Matos, ed., Andean Archaeology: Papers in Honor of Clifford Evans, pp. 201-224. Los Angeles; UCLA Institute of Archaeology.

1990 Maymi: un sitio del Horizonte Medio en el Valle de Pisco. Gaceta Arqueológica Andina 5:17:27-40. Lima.

1991 Structure and Function at the Planned Site of Azangaro: Cautionary Notes for the Model of Huari as a Centralized Secular State. In W. Isbell and G. McEwan, eds., Huari Administrative Structure: Prehistoric Monumental Architecture and State Government, pp. 165-197. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Press.

Andrews, D.

1973 Ridged Fields in the Andes of Peru. Relaciones Antropológicas, 1: 1: 50-56.

Anonymous

1992 Special Report: The Moche of Peru, Four Articles. Archaeology 45:30-45.

Antunez de Mayolo, S.

1986 Hidraulica Costera Prehispánica. Allpanchis, 27: 11-37. Cusco.

Arellano, J.

1991 The New Cultural Contexts of Tiahuanaco. In W. Isbell and G. McEwan (eds.), Huari Administrative Structure: Prehistoric Monumental Architecture and State Government, pp. 259- 280. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C.

1992 El Desarrollo Cultural Prehispánico en el Altiplano y Valles Interandinos de Bolivia. In B. Meggers (editor), Prehistoria Sudamericana, pp. 309-326. Taraxacum, Washington, D.C.

Arellano, J., and E. Berberian

1981 Mallku: el señorío post-Tiwanaku del altiplano sur de Bolivia (Provincias Nor y Sur Lipez, Depto. De Potosí). Bulletin de l'Institut Francais d'Etudes Andines 10:51-84. Lima.

Arellano, J., and D. Kuljis

1986 Antecedentes preliminares de las investigaciones arqueológicas en la zona circum-titicaca de Bolivia, sector occidential sur. Prehistoricas 1:1:9-28. La Paz.

Arnold, D.

1994 La tecnología cerámica andina: una perspectiva etnoarqueológica. In I. Shimada (ed.), Tecnología y Organización de la Producción de Cerámica en los Andes, pp. 477-504. Fondo Editorial, Lima.

Arnold, D., and K. Prettol

1989 Aboriginal Earthworks near the Mouth of the Beni, Bolivia. Journal of Field Archaeology, 15:457-465.

Arsenault, D.

1992 Pratiques alimentaires rituelles dans la société mochica. Recherches Amérindiennes au Québec 22:45-64.

1993 El Personaje del Pie Amputado en la Cultura Mochica del Peru: Un Ensayo sobre la Arqueología del Poder. Latin American Antiquity, 4: 3: 225-245.

Asaro, F., E. Salazar, H. Michel, R. Burger, and F. Stross

1994 Ecuadorian Obsidian Sources Used for Artifact Production and Methods for Provenience Assignments. Latin American Antiquity 5:3:257-277.

Ascher, M., and R. Ascher

1975 The Quipu as Visible Language. The Journal of Visible Language, 9: 329-56.

1981 Code of the Quipu. Ann Arbor: Univ. of Michigan Press.

Aveni, A. (editor)

1991 The Lines of Nazca. The American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia.

Aveni, A., and H. Silverman

1991 Between the Lines: Reading the Nazca Markings as Rituals Writ Large. The Sciences, 31:4:36-42.

Bankes, G.

1985 The Manufacture and Circulation of Paddle and Anvil Pottery on the North Coast of Peru. World Archaeology 17:269-277.

Barnes, M., and D. Fleming

1991 Filtration-Gallery Irrigation in the Spanish New World. Latin American Antiquity 2:48-68.

Barnes, M., and D. Slive

1993 El Puma de Cuzco: ¿Plan de la Ciudad Ynga o noción europea? Revista Andina 11:79-102. Cuzco.

Batchelor, S.

1980 Los camellones de Cayambe en la Sierra de Ecuador. América Indígena, 40: 671-89.

Bauer, B.

1991 Pacariqtambo and the Mythical Origins of the Inca. Latin American Antiquity, 2: 1: 7-26.

1992a Ritual Pathways of the Inca: An Analysis of the Collasuyu Ceques in Cuzco. Latin American Antiquity, 3: 3: 183-205.

1992b The Development of the Inca State. Austin: University of Texas Press.

1998 The Sacred Landscape of the Inca: The Cuzco Ceque System. University of Texas Press, Austin.

Bauer, B., and D. Dearborn

1995 Astronomy and Empire in the Ancient Andes: The Cultural Origins of Inca Sky Watching. Austin, University of Texas Press.

Bauer, B., and C. Stanish

1990 Killke and Killke-Related Pottery from Cuzco, Peru, in the Field Museum of Natural History. Fieldiana Anthropology, n.s., No. 15. Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago.

Bawden, G.

1982a Community Organization Reflected by the Household: A Study of Pre-Columbian Social Dynamics. Journal of Field Archaeology, 9: 165-81.

1982b Galindo: A Study in Cultural Transition during the Middle Horizon. In M. Moseley and K. Day, eds., Chan Chan: Andean Desert City, pp. 285-320. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.

1983 Cultural Reconstitution in the Late Moche Period: A Case Study in Multi-Dimensional Stylistic Analysis. In R. Leventhal and A. Kolata, eds., Civilization in the Ancient Americas, pp. 211-37. Albuquerque: Univ. of New Mexico Press.

1989a Settlement Survey and Ecological Dynamics on the Peruvian South Coast. Andean Past 2:39-67.

1989b Ilo: A Long Line of Brilliant Societies. Archaeology 42:54-59.

1990a Domestic Space and Social Structure in Pre-Columbian Northern Peru. In Domestic Architecture and the Use of Space, edited by S. Kent, pp. 153-171. Cambridge University Press.

1990b Tumilaca: un sitio de las fases Tiwanaku y Estuquiña en el valle de Moquegua. Gaceta Arqueológica Andina 18/19:105-114. Lima.

1995 The Structural Paradox: Moche Culture as Political Ideology. Latin American Antiquity, 6:3:255-273.

Bawden, G., and G. Conrad

1982 The Andean Heritage. Cambridge: Peabody Museum Press.

Beck, C.

1979 Ancient Roads on the North Coast of Peru. PhD dissertation, Dept. of Anthropology, University of California at Berkeley. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms.

1991 Cross-Cutting Relationships: The Relative Dating of Ancient Roads on the North Coast of Peru. In Ancient Road Networks and Settlement Hierarchies in the New World, edited by C. Trombold, pp. 66-79. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Benavides, M.

1976 Yacimientos Arqueológicos en Ayacucho. Universidad Nacional de San Cristobal de Humanga, Ayacucho, Peru.

1984 Carácter del Estilo Wari. Universidad Nacional de San Cristobal de Humanga, Ayacucho, Peru.

1991 Cheqo Wasi, Huari. In Huari Administrative Structure: Prehistoric Monumental Architecture and State Government, edited by W. Isbell and G. Mcewan, pp. 19-53. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C.

Bennett, W.

1934 Excavations at Tiwanaku. Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History, 34: 3: 359-491. New York.

1936 Excavations in Bolivia. Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History, 35: 4: 329-507. New York.

1950a The Gallinazo Group. Yale University Publications in Anthropology No. 43. New Haven.

1950b Cultural Unity and Disunity in the Titicaca Basin. American Antiquity, 16: 1: 89-98.

Bennett, W. (editor)

1948 A Reappraisal of Peruvian Archaeology. Memoir No. 4, Society for American Archaeology, Menasha.

Benson, E.

1976 The Mochica. New York: Library of the Art and Civilization of Indian America.

1992 The World of Moche. In The Ancient Americas: Art from Sacred Landscapes, edited by R. Townsend, pp. 303-316. The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago.

Berberian, E., and J. Arellano

1980 Desarrollo cultural prehispánico en el altiplano sur de Bolivia (Prov. Nor y sur Lipez, Depto.Potosí). Museu Paulista 27:259-281. São Paulo, Brazil.

Berger, R., R. Chohfi, and A. Zegarra

1988 Radiocarbon Dating Machu Picchu,Peru. Antiquity 62:707-710.

Berman, M.

1993 Continuity and Change in Domestic Evolution at Lukurmata, Bolivia. In M. Aldenderfer (editor), Domestic Arachitecture, Ethnicity, and Complementarity in the South-Central Andes, pp. 114- 135. University of Iowa Press, Iowa City.

1994 Lukurmata: Household Archaeology in Prehispanic Bolivia . Princeton University Press.

1997 Domestic Life and Vertical Integration in the Tiwanaku Heartland. Latin American Antiquity 8:93-112.

Berman, M., and J. Estevez Castillo

1993 Jachakala: a new archaeological complex of the Dept. of Oruro, Bolivia. Annals of the Carnegie Museum, 62: 4: 311-344.

Bermann, M., P. Goldstein, C. Stanish, and L. Watanabe

1989 The Collapse of the Tiwanaku State: A View from the Osmore Drainage. In D. Rice and C. Stanish, eds., Settlement History and Ecology in the Osmore Drainage, Southern Peru, pp. . British Archaeological Reports, International Series No. 545. Oxford, U.K.

Bingham, H.

1930 Macchu Picchu. Memoirs of the National Geographic Society. Yale University Press.

Bird, R., and J. Bird

1980 Gallinazo Maize from the Chicama Valley, Peru. American Antiquity, 45: 325-32.

Bischof, H.

1991 La pintura occidental del felino de Cerro Sechin (Peru): una vista diferente. Latin American Antiquity 2:188-190.

1994 Toward the Definition of Pre- and Early Chavin Art Styles in Peru. Andean Past 4:169-228. Cornell University, Latin American Studies Program, Ithaca.

Bonavia, D.

1964 Investigaciones en la Ceja de Selva de Ayacucho. Arqueológicas No. 6. Lima.

1966 Ceja de Selva Explorations in Central Peru. Current Anthropology, 7: 1: 96-97.

1968 Las Ruinas de Abiseo. Lima.

1978 Ecological Factors affecting the Urban Transformation in the Last Centuries of the Precolumbian Era. In D. Browman, ed., Advances in Andean Archaeology, pp. 393-410. The Hague: Mouton.

1985 Mural Paintings in Ancient Peru. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

1990 La pintura occidental del felino de Cerro Sechin: ¿Es original o falsa? Latin American Antiquity 1:86-91.

1991 La pintura occidental del felino de Cerro Sechín, Peru: Contestación a Bischof. Latin American Antiquity 2:191-192.

Bonavia, D., and R. Ravines

1967 Las Fronteras Ecológicas de las Civilizaciones Andinas. Amaru, Vol. , pp. 61-69. Lima.

Bonnier, E., and C. Rozenberg

1978 L'Habitat en Village, a L'Epoque Prehispanique dans le Bassin Shaka-Palcamayo. Bull. Inst. Fr. Est. And., 7: 49-71. Lima.

Bourget, S.

1990 Caracoles sagrados en la iconografía Moche. Gaceta Arqueológica Andina 20:45-58. Lima.

1991 Structures magico-religieuses et idéologiques de l'iconographie mochica IV. Groupe de Recherche sur l'Amerique Latine No. 22. Université de Montreal, Quebec.

1994 Los sacerdotes a la sombra del Cerro Blanco y del Arco Bicéfalo. Revista del Museo de Arqueología, Antropología, e História 5:81-125. Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo, Peru.

Bray, W.

1991 La metalurgía en el Perú prehispánico. In Los Incas y el Antiguo Perú: 3000 Años de História 1:58-81. Sociedad Estatal Quinto Centenario, Madrid.

Brennan, C.

1978 Investigations at Cerro Arena, Peru: Incipient Urbanism on the Peruvian North Coast. PhD dissertation, University of Arizona. Tuscon.

1980 Cerro Arena: Origins of the Urban Tradition on the Peruvian North Coast. Journal of Field Archaeology, 7: 1-22. Reprinted 1982 in Current Anthropology, 23: 3: 247-254.

Brewster-Wray, C.

1983 Spatial Patterning and the Function of a Huari Architectural Compound. In D. Sandweiss, ed., Investigations of the Andean Past, pp. 122-35. Cornell University Latin American Studies Program.

1990 Moraduchayuq: An Administrative Compound at the Site of Huari, Peru. PhD dissertation, State University of New York at Binghamton. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor.

Brockington, D., D. Pereira, R. Sanzetenea, and M. Muñoz

1995 Estudios Arqueológicos del Periodo Formativo en el Sur-Este de Cochabamba. Cuadernos de Investigación, Serie Arqueología No. 8, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba,Bolivia.

Browman, D.

1974 Pastoral Nomadism in the Andes. Current Anthropology, 15: 2: 188-96.

1975 Trade Patterns in the Central Highlands of Peru in the First Millenium B.C. World Archaeology, 6: 3: 322-29.

1976 Demographic Correlations of the Wari Conquest of Junin. American Antiquity, 41: 3: 465-77.

1978 Toward the Development of the Tiahuanaco State. In D. Browman, ed., Advances in Andean Archaeology, pp. 327-50. The Hague: Mouton.

1980 Tiwanaku Expansion and Altiplano Economic Patterns. Estudios Arqueológicos 5:107-120. Antofogasta.

1981a Prehistoric Nutrition and Medicine in the Lake Titicaca Basin. In J. Bastien and J. Donahue, eds., Health in the Andes, pp. 103-118. American Anthropological Assoc.

1981b New Light on Andean Tiwanaku. American Scientist, 69: 4: 408-19.

1984 Tiwanaku: Development of Interzonal Trade and Economic Expansion in the Altiplano. In D. Browman, et al., eds., Social and Economic Organization in the Prehispanic Andes, pp. 117-42. B.A.R. International Series, No. 194. Oxford.

1985 Cultural Primacy of Tiwanaku in the Development of Late Peruvian States. Dialogo Andino, 4:59-72. Arica, Chile.

1989 Origins and Development of Andean Pastoralism: An Overview of the Past 6000 Years. In The Walking Larder, edited by Juliet Clutton-Brock, pp. . Unwin Hyman, London.

1994 Titicaca Basin Archaeolinguistics: Uru, Pukina, and Aymara, 750-1450 A.D. World Archaeology 26:235-251.

Browman, D. (ed.)

1987 Arid Land Use Strategies and Risk Management in the Andes. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press.

Browman, D., and J. Gundersen

1993 Altiplano Comestible Earths: Prehistoric and Historic Geophagy of Highland Peru and Bolivia. Geoarchaeology 8:413-425.

Browman, D., et al., (eds.)

1984 Social and Economic Organization in the Prehispanic Andes. B.A.R. International Series No. 194. Oxford, U.K.

Brown, D.

1991 Administration and Settlement Planning in the Provinces of the Inka Empire: A Perspective from the Inka Provincial Capital of Pumpu on the Junin Plain in the Central Highlands of Peru. PhD dissertation, University of Texas at Austin. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor.

Browne, D.

1992 Further Archaeological Reconnaissance in the Province of Palpa, Department of Ica, Peru. In Ancient America: Contributions to New World Archaeology, edited by N. J. Sanders, pp. 77- 116. Oxbow Books, Oxford, U.K.

Browne, D., and J. Baraybar

1988 An Archaeological Reconaissance in the Province of Palpa, Dept. of Ica, Peru. In Recent Studies in Pre-Columbian Archaeology, edited by N. Saunders and O. de Montmollin, pp. 299-325. British Archaeological Reports International Series No. 421. Oxford, U.K.

Browne, D., H. Silverman, and R. Garcia

1993 A Cache of 48 Nasca Trophy Heads from Cerro Carapo, Peru. Latin American Antiquity, 4:274-294.

Bueno, A.

1975 Sechin: Sintesis y Evaluación Crítica del Problema. Anales Cientificos de la Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, 4: 135-64. Huancayo, Peru.

Buikstra, J.

1990 Sumario de investigación de restos humanos de Omo, Moquegua y San Gerónimo, Ilo. In Trabajos Arqueológicos en Moquegua, Perú, compiled by L. Watanabe, M. Moseley, and F. Cabieses, Vol. 2, pp. 59-68. Editorial Escuela Nueva, Lima.

Burger, R.

1981 The Radiocarbon Evidence for the Temporal Priority of Chavin de Huantar. American Antiquity, 46: 3: 592-602.

1982 Pojoc And Waman Wain: Two Early Horizon Villages in the Chavin Heartland. Ñawpa Pacha, 20: 3-40.

1984 The Prehistoric Occupation of Chavin de Huantar, Peru. Univ. of Calif. Publications in Anthropology, No. 14. Berkeley: Univ. of Calif. Press.

1985a Concluding Remarks: Early Peruvian Civilization and its Relation to the Chavin Horizon. In C. Donnan, ed., Early Ceremonial Architecture in the Andes, pp. 269-89. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks.

1985b Prehistoric Stylistic Change and Cultural Development at Huaricoto, Peru. National Geographic Research, 1: 505-534.

1987 The U-Shaped Pyramid Complex, Cardal, Peru. National Geographic Research, 3: 30: 363-375.

1988 Unity and Heterogeneity within the Chavin Horizon. In R. Keatinge, ed., Peruvian Prehistory: A Preview of Pre-Inca and Inca Society, pp. 99-144.

1992a Chavin and the Origins of Andean Civilization. London: Thames and Hudson.

1992b The Sacred Center of Chavin de Huantar. In The Ancient Americas: Art from Sacred Landscapes, edited by R. Townsend, pp. 265-277. The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago.

1993 The Chavin Horizon: Stylistic Chimera or Socioeconomic Metamorphosis? In Latin American Horizons, edited by D. Rice, pp. 41-82. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C.

Burger, R., F. Asaro, H. Michel, F. Stross, and E. Salazar

1994 An Initial Consideration of Obsidian Procurement and Exchange in Prehispanic Ecuador. Latin American Antiquity 5:3:228-256.

Burger, R., and F. Asaro

1977a Analisis de Rasgos Significativos en la Obsidiana de los Andes Centrales. Revista del Museo Nacional, 43: 281-326. Lima.

1977b Trace Element Analysis of Obsidian Artifacts from the Andes. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press.

1978 Obsidian Distribution and Provenience in the Central Highlands and Coast of Peru during the Preceramic Period. Contributions of the University of California Archaeological Research Facility, No. 36, pp. 61-83. Berkeley.

Burger, R., and L. Salazar-Burger

1980 Ritual and Religion at Huaricoto. Archaeology, 33: 6: 26-32.

1985 The Early Ceremonial Cednter of Huaricoto. In C. Donnan, ed., Early Ceremonial Architecture in the Andes, pp. 111-139. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks.

1991 The Second Season of Investigations at the Initial Period Center of Cardal, Peru. Journal of Field Archaeology, 18: 3: 275-296.

1993 The Place of Dual Organization in Early Andean Ceremonialism: A Comparative Review. In El Mundo Ceremonial Andino, edited by L. Millones and Y. Onuki, pp. 97-116. Senri Ethnological Studies No. 37, National Museum of Ethnology, Osaka, Japan.

Burger, R., and N. Van der Merwe

1990 Maize and the Origin of Highland Chavin Civilization. American Anthropologist, 92: 85-95.

Burgess, S.

1995 Patterns of Anemia in Three Late Intermediate Populations from the South Coast of Peru. Journal of the Steward Anthropological Society 23:1,2:287-298.

Bürgi, P.

1993 The Inka Empire's Expansion into the Coastal Sierran Region West of Lake Titicaca. PhD dissertation, University of Chicago. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor.

Campana, D.

1994 El entorno cultural de un dibujo mochica. In Moche: Propuestas y Perspectivas, edited by S. Uceda and E. Mujica, pp. 449-473. Institut Francais d'Etudes Andines, Lima.

Canziani, J.

1992 Arquitectura y urbanismo del período Paracas en el Valle de Chincha. Gaceta Arqueológica Andina, 22:87-118. Lima.

Cardenas, M.

1979 A Chronology of the Use of Marine Resources in Ancient Peru. Lima.

Cardenas, M., C. Huapaya, and J. Deza

1991 Arqueología del Macizode Illescas, Sechura-Piura: Excavaciones en Bayóvar, Nunura, Avic, Reventazón y chorrillos. Pontifica Universidad Católica del Perú, Dirección Académico de Investigación, Lima.

Carmichael, P.

1988 Nasca Mortuary Customs: Death and Ancient Society on the South Coast of Peru. PhD Dissertation, Dept. of Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta.

Carney, H., M. Binford, A. Kolata, R. Marin, and C. Goldman

1993 Nutrient and Sediment Retention in Andean Raised Field Agriculture. Nature 364:131-133.

Cartmill, L., A. Aufderheide, A. Springfield, J. Buikstra, B. Arriaza, and C. Weems

1994 Radioimmunoassay for Cocaine in Mummy Hair to Determine Antiquity and Demography of Coca Leaf Chewing Practices in Southern Peru and Northern Chile. Eres (Arqueología) 5:1:83- 95. Museo Arqueológico y Etnográfico, Tenerife, Canary Islands.

Castillo, Luis J.

1989 Personajes miticos, escenas y narraciones en la iconografía mochica. Lima: Pont. Univ. Catolica del Perú.

1993 Prácticas funerarias, poder e ideología en la sociedad Moche tardía: el proyecto arqueológico San José de Moro. Gaceta Arqueológica Andina 7:23:61-76. Lima.

Castillo, L., and C. Donnan

1992 Finding the Tomb of a Moche Priestess. Archaeology 45:38-42.

Cavallaro, R.

1991 Large-Site Methodology: Architectural Analysis and Dual Organization in the Andes. Occasional Papers No. 5, Dept. of Archaeology, University of Calgary.

Cavallaro, R., and I. Shimada

1988 Some Thoughts on Sican Marked Adobes and Labor Organization. American Antiquity, 42: 75-101.

Chavez, J., and R. Salas

1990 Catastro arqueológico de la cuenca del Rio Ocoña. Gaceta Arqueológica Andina 18/19:15-20. Lima.

Chavez, K. M.

1985 Early Tiahuanaco Related Ceremonial Burners from Cuzco, Peru. Dialogo Andino, 4: 137-178. Arica, Chile.

1989 The Significance of Chiripa in Lake Titicaca Developments. Expedition, 30: 3: 17-26.

Chavez, S.

1976 The Arapa Thunderbolt Stela: A Case of Stylistic Identity with Implications for Pucara Influences in the Tiahuanaco Area. Ñawpa Pacha, 13: 3-24.

1981 Further Inquiries into the Case of the Arapa-Thunderbolt Stela. Ñawpa Pacha, 19: 79-91.

1982 Notes on Some Stone Sculpture from the Northern Lake Titicaca Basin. Ñawpa Pacha, 19: 79-81.

1984 La piedra de raya y la estela de Arapa: un caso de identidad estilística, Pucara-Tiwhuanaco. Arte y Arqueología 8-9:1-27.

1989 Archaeological Reconnaissance in the Province of Chumbivilcas, South Highland Peru. Expedition, 30: 3: 27-38.

1992 The Conventionalized Rules in Pucara Pottery Technology and Iconography: Implications for Socio-Political Developments in the Northern Lake Titicaca Basin. PhD dissertation, Michigan State University. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor.

Chavez, S., and K. Chavez

1976 A Carved Stela from Taraco, Puno, Peru, and the Definition of an Early Style of Stone Sculpture from the Altiplano of Peru and Bolivia. Ñawpa Pacha, 18: 45-83.

Chepstow-Lusty, A., K. Bennett, and V. Switzur

1996 4000 Years of Human Impact and Vegetation Change in the Central Peruvian Andes. Antiquity 70:824-833.

Chiaki Kano

1971 Excavaciones en Shillacoto, Huanuco. Revista del Museo Nacional, 37: 52-62. Lima.

1972 Pre-Chavin Cultures in the Central Highlands of Peru: New Evidence from Shillacoto, Huanuco, Peru. In E. Bensen, ed., The Cult of the Feline, pp. 139-52. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks.

Clark, N.

1993 The Estuquiña Textile Tradition: Cultural Patterning in Late Prehistoric Fabrics, Moquegua, Far

Southern Peru. PhD dissertation, Washington University, St. Louis. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor.

Clark, N., and S. Williams

1990 Investigaciones sobre el componente mortuorio en Estuquiña, Valle de Moquegua. Gaceta Arqueológica Andina 18/19:115-124. Lima.

Clarkson, P.

1991 Nuevos datos relativos a la antigüedad de los geoglifos y pukios de Nazca, Perú. Boletín de Lima 78:33-74. Lima.

Clarkson, P., and R. Dorn

1995 New Chronometric Dates for the Puquios of Nasca, Peru. Latin American Antiquity 6:56-69.

Cleland, K., and I. Shimada

1992 Sicán Bottles: Marking Time in the Peruvian Bronze Age: A Five-Part Typology and Seriation. Andean Past 3:193-235. Cornell University Latin American Studies Program, Ithaca.

1994 Ceramios paleteados: tecnología, esfera de producción y subcultura en el Perú antiguo. In

Tecnología y Organización de la Producción de Cerámica en los Andes, edited by I. Shimada, pp. 321-348. Pontifica Universidad Católica, Fondo Editorial, Lima.

Clement, C., and M. Moseley

1991 The Spring-Fed Irrigation System of Carrizal, Peru: A Case Study of the Hypothesis of Agrarian Collapse. Journal of Field Archaeology 18:425-443.

Conklin, W.

1985 The Architecture of Huaca Los Reyes. In C. Donnan, ed., Early Ceremonial Architecture in the Andes, pp. 139-64. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks.

1990 Architecture of Chimu: Memory, Function, and Image. In The Northern Dynasties: Kingship and Statecraft in Chimor, edited by M. Moseley and A. Cordy-Collins, pp. 43-74. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C.

1991 Tiahuanaco and Huari: Architectural Comparisons and Interpretations. In W. Isbell and G. McEwan, eds., Huari Administrative Structure: Prehistoric Monumental Architecture and State Government. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks.

Conrad, G.

1977 Chiquitoy Viejo: An Inca Administrative Center in the Chicama Valley, Peru. Journal of Field Archaeology, 4: 1: 1-18.

1978a Models of Compromise in Settlement Pattern Studies: An Example from Coastal Peru. Landscape Archaeology, 9: 281-98.

1978b Royal Burials of Ancient Peru. Field Museum of Natural History Bulletin, 49: 2: 6-11, 20-26.

1981 Cultural Materialism, Split Inheritance, and the Expansion of Ancient Peruvian Empires. American Antiquity, 46: 1: 2-26.

1982 The Burial Platforms at Chan Chan: Some Social and Political Implications. In M. Moseley and K. Day, eds., Chan Chan: Andean Desert City, pp. 97-118. University of New Mexico Press.

1990 Farfan, General Pacatnamú, and the Dynastic History of Chimor. In The Northern Dynasties: Kingship and Statecraft in Chimor, edited by M. Moseley and A. Cordy-Collins, pp. 227-242. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C.

1992 Inca Imperialism: The Great Simplification and the Accident of Empire. In Ideology and Pre-Columbian Civilizations, edited by A. Demarest and G. Conrad, pp. 159-174. School of American Research, Santa Fe.

Conziani Amico, Jose

1989 Asentamientos Humanos y Formaciones Sociales en la Costa Norte del Antiguo Perú. Lima: Instituto Andino de Estudios Arqueológicos.

Cook, A.

1983 Aspects of State Ideology in Huari and Tiwanaku Iconography: The Central Diety and the Sacrificer. In D. Sandweiss, ed., Investigations of the Andean Past, pp. 161-85. Cornell University Latin American Studies Program.

1985a Art and Time in the Evolution of Andean State Expansion. PhD dissertation, SUNY- Binghamton.

1985b The Politico-Religious Implications of the Huari Offering Traditions. In M. Rivera, ed., La Problematica Tiwanaku Huari en el Contexto Panandino del Desarrollo Cultural. Diálogo Andino No. 4, pp. 203-222. Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica.

1992 The Stone Ancestors: Idioms of Imperial Attire and Rank among Huari Figurines. Latin American Antiquity, 3: 4: 341-364.

1994 Wari y Tiwanaku: Entre el Estilo y la Imagen. Lima: Pontifica Universidad Católica.

Cook, O.

1916 Staircase Farms of the Ancients. National Geographic Magazine, 29: 474-534.

Cordy-Collins, A.

1990 Fonga Sidge, Shell Purveyor to the Chimu Kings. In The Northern Dynasties: Kingship and Statecraft in Chimor, edited by M. Moseley and A. Cordy-Collins, pp. 393-418. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C.

1992 Archaism or Tradition?: The Decapitation Theme in Cupisnique and Moche Iconography. Latin American Antiquity, 3: 3: 206-220.

Costin, C.

1986 From Chiefdom to Empire State: Ceramic Ecology among the Prehispanic Wanka of Highland Peru. PhD dissertation, Dept. of Anthropology, University of California at Los Angeles.

1993 Textiles, Women, and Political Economy in Late Prehispanic Peru. In Research in Economic Anthropology, edited by B. L. Issac, pp. 3-28. JAI Press, Greenwich.

Costin, C., and T. Earle

1989 Status distinction and legitimation of Power as Reflected in Changing Patterns of Consumption in Late Prehispanic Peru. American Antiquity, 54: 691-714.

Costin, C., T. Earle, B. Owen, and G. Russell

1989 Impact of Inka Conquest on Local Technology in the Upper Mantaro Valley, Peru. In What's New?: A Closer Look at the Process of Innovation, edited by S. Van der Leeuw and R.Torrance, pp. 107-139. One World Archaeology Series No. 14, Unwin and Allen, London.

Costin, C., and M. Hagstrum

1995 Standardization, Labor Investment, Skill, and the Organization of Ceramic Production in Late Prehispanic Highland Peru. American Antiquity 60:619-639.

Craig, A.

1992 Archaeological Occurrences of Andean Land Snails. Andean Past 3:127-135. Cornell University Latin American Studies Program, Ithaca.

Craig, A., and I. Shimada

1986 El Niño Deposits at Batán Grande, Northern Peru. Geoarchaeology 1:1:29-38.

Crawford, M.

1915 Peruvian Textiles. American Museum of Natural History, Anthropological Papers, 12: 3: 52-104. New York.

1916 Peruvian Textiles. American Museum of Natural History, Anthropological Papers, 12: 4: 105-91. New York.

Cuesta, M.

1972 El Sistema Militaristica de los Mochicas. Revista Española de Antropología Americana, 7: 2:269-308. Madrid.

D'Altroy, T.

1987 Transitions in Power: Centralization of Wanka Political Organization under Inka Rule. Ethnohistory, 34: 1: 78-102.

1992 Provincial Power in the Inka Empire. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Inst. Press.

1994a Factions and Political Development in the Central Andes. In Factional Competition and Political Development in the New World, edited by E. Brumfiel and J. Fox, pp. 171-188. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.

1994b Public and Private Economy in the Inka Empire. In The Economic Anthropology of the State, edited by E. Brumfiel, pp. 171-222. Society for Economic Anthropology Monograph 11, University Press of America, Lanham, MD.

D'Altroy, T., and R. Bishop

1990 The Provincial Organization of Inka Ceramic Production. American Antiquity 55:120-138.

D'Altroy, T., and T. Earle

1985 Staple Finance, Wealth Finance, and Storage in the Inka Political Economy. Current Anthropology, 26: 2: 187-206.

D'Altroy, T., and C. Hastorf

1984 The Distribution and Contents of Inca State Storehouses in the Xauxa Region of Peru. American Antiquity, 49: 2: 334-49.

Davenport, D., and K. Schreiber

1989 The Bird of Chavin: a Parrot? Antiquity 63:350-356.

Davidson, J.

1981 El Spondylus en la cosmología Chimú. Revista del Museo Nacional 45:75-87. Lima.

Day, K.

1982a Storage and Labor Service: A Production and Management Design for the Andean Area. In M. Moseley and K. Day, eds., Chan Chan: Andean Desert City, pp. 333-350. Univ. of New Mexico Press.

1982b Ciudadelas: Their Form and Function. In M. Moseley and K. Day, eds., Chan Chan: Andean Desert City, pp. 55-66. Univ. of New Mexico Press.

Darch, J. (ed.)

1983 Drained Field Agriculture in Central and South America. B.A.R. International Series No. 189. Oxford.

Dearborn, D., and R. White

1983 The 'Torreon' at Machu Picchu as an Observatory. Archaeoastronomy 5:S37-S49. A supplement to the Journal for the History of Astronomy.

Dearborn, D., et al.

1987 Intimachay: A December Solstice Observatory at Macchu Picchu, Peru. American Antiquity, 52: 2: 346-51.

1998 The Sanctuary of Titicaca: Where the Sun Returns to Earth. Latin American Antiquity 9:240-258.

DeBoer, W.

1990 Interaction, Imitation, and Communication Expressed in Style: The Ucaylai Experience. In The Uses of Style in Archaeology, edited by M. W. Conkey and C. Hastorf, pp. 82-104. Cambridge University Press.

Defrance, S.

1993 Ecological Imperialism in the South-Central Andes: Faunal Data from Spanish colonial Settlements in the Moquegua and torata Valleys [Peru]. PhD dissertation, University of Florida. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor.

1996 Iberian Foodways in the Moquegua and Torata Valleys of Southern Peru. Historical Archaeology 30:3:20-48.

Denevan, W.

1985 Peru's Agricultural Legacy. Focus, 35: 2: 16-21.

1987 Terrace Abandonment in the Colca Valley, Peru. In W. Denevan, et al., eds., Prehistoric Agricultural Fields in the Andean Region, pp. 1-43. B.A.R. International Series No. 359. Oxford.

Denevan, W., et al. (eds.)

1987 Prehispanic Agricultural Fields in the Andean Region. B.A.R. International Series No. 359. Oxford.

Dillehay, T.

1977 Tawantinsuyu Integration of the Chillon Valley: A Case of Inca Geo-Political Mastery. Journal of Field Archaeology, 4: 4: 397-405.

1979 Pre-Hispanic Resource Sharing in the Central Andes. Science, 204: 6: 24-31.

1987 Estrategias Políticas y Económicas de las Etnias Locales del Valle del Chillón durante el Período Prehispánico. Revista Andina, 5: 2: 407-456. Cuzco.

1992 Widening the Socio-Economic Foundations of Andean Civilization: Prototypes of Early Monumental Architecture. Andean Past 3:55-65. Cornell University Latin American Studies Program, Ithaca.

Dillehay, T., and P. Netherly

1983 Exploring the Upper Zaña Valley in Peru. Archaeology, July/August, pp. 23-30.

Dillehay, T., and P. Netherly (editors)

1988 La Frontera del Estado Inca. British Archaeological Reports, International Series No. 442. Oxford, U.K.

Disselhoff, H.

1968 Huari und Tiahuanaco: Grabungen und Funde en Sud-Peru. Zeitschrift fur Ethnologie, 93: 1/2:207-16.

Donnan, C.

1971 Ancient Peruvian Potters' Marks and their Interpretation through Ethnographic Analogy. American Antiquity 36:460-466.

1973 A Precolumbian Smelter from Northern Peru. Archaeology, 26: 289-297.

1975 The Thematic Approach to Moche Iconography. Journal of Latin American Lore, 1: 2: 147-62.

1976 Moche Art and Iconography. Los Angeles: UCLA.

1984 Ancient Murals from Chornancap, Peru. Archaeology 37:32-37.

1990 An Assessment of the Validity of the Naymlap Dynasty. In The Northern Dynasties: Kingship and Statecraft in Chimor, edited by M. Moseley and A. Cordy-Collins, pp. 243-274. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C.

1993 Ceramics of Ancient Peru. Fowler Museum of Cultural History, University of California at Los Angeles.

1997 A Chimu-Inka Ceramic-Manufacturing Center from the North Coast of Peru. Latin American Antiquity 8:30-54.

Donnan, C. (ed.)

1985 Early Ceremonial Architecture in the Andes. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks.

Donnan, C., and G. Cock

1985 Excavaciones en Pacatnamú. Revista del Museo Nacional, 47: . Lima.

Donnan, C., and L. Castillo

1992 Finding the Tomb of a Moche Priestess. Archaeology 45:38-42.

1994 Los Mochica del Norte y los Mochica del Sur. In Vicús, edited by K. Makowski et al., pp. 143-182. Banco de Credito del Perú, Lima.

Donnan, C., and G. Cock (eds.)

1986 The Pacatnamu Papers, Vol. 1. Los Angeles: UCLA Museum of Cultural History.

Donnan, C., and C. Mackey

1978 Ancient Burial Patterns of the Moche Valley, Peru. Austin: Univ. of Texas Press.

Donnan, C., and D. McClelland

1979 The Burial Theme in Moche Iconography. Dumbarton Oaks Studies in Pre-Columbian Art and Archaeology, No. 21. Washington, D.C.

Dougherty, B., and H. Calandra

1984 Prehispanic Human Settlement in the Llanos de Moxos, Bolivia. In J. Rabassa, ed., Quaternary of South America and Antarctic Peninsula, pp. 163-99. Rotterdam: A. Balkema.

Doyon-Bernard, S. J.

1990 From Twining to Triple Cloth: Experimentation and Innovation in Ancient Peruvian Weaving (ca. 5000-400 B.C.). American Antiquity 55:68-87.

Dreyer, A.

1994 Sobre metalurgia prehispánica. Pumapunku 3:65-87. La Paz.

Dunn, M.

1979 Ceramic Depictions of Maize: A Basis for Classification of Prehistoric Races. American Antiquity, 44: 4: 757-74.

Earle, T.

1972 Lurin Valley, Peru: Early Intermediate Period Settlement Development. American Antiquity, 37: 4: 467-77.

1985 Commodity Exchange and Markets in the Inca State: Recent Archaeological Evidence. In S. Plattner, ed., Markets and Marketing, Monographs in Economic Anthropology No. 4, pp. 369 97. New York: University Press of America.

1987 Specialization and the Production of Wealth: Hawaiian Chiefdoms and the Inka Empire. In E. Brumfiel and T. Earle, eds., Specialization, Exchange, and Complex Societies, pp. 64-75. Cambridge Univ. Press.

Earle, T., and T. D'Altroy

1982 Storage Facilities and State Finance in the Upper Mantaro Valley, Peru. In T. Earle, ed., Contexts for Prehistoric Exchange, pp 265-90. New York: Academic Press.

1989 The Political Economy of the Inka Empire: The Archaeology of Power and Finance. In Archaeological Thought in America, edited by C. Lamberg-Karlovsky, pp. 183-204. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Earle, T., et al.

1980 Changing Settlement Patterns in the Upper Mantaro Valley, Peru. Journal of New World Archaeology, 4: 1: 1-49.

1987 Archaeological Field Research in the Upper Mantaro, Peru, 1982-83: Investigations of Inka Expansion and Exchange. Monograph 28, Institute of Archaeology, UCLA.

Eisleb, D., and R. Strelow

1980 Altperuanische Kulturen III: Tiahuanaco. Berlin: Museum fur Volkerkunde.

Elera, C.

1992 Arquitectura y otras manifestaciones culturales del sitio formativo del Morro de Eten: un enfoque preliminar. In Estudios de Arqueología Peruana, edited by D. Bonavia, pp. 177-192. FOMCIENCIAS, Lima.

Eling, H.

1987 The Role of Irrigation Networks in Emerging Societal Complexity during Late Prehispanic Times. Jequetepeque Valley, North Coast of Peru. PhD dissertation, Dept. of Anthropology,University of Texas at Austin. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms.

Engel, F.

1981 Prehistoric Andean Ecology: Man, Settlement, and Environment in the Andes. The Deep South, Vols. 1 and 2. Papers of the Department of Anthropology, Hunter College of the City University of New York. Humanities Press, New York.

1991 Un Desierto en tiempos Prehispánicos. Centro de Investigaciones de Zonas Aridas, Lima.

Epstein, S.

1982 The Prehistoric Copper Smelting Industry at Cerro de los Cementerios, Peru: Analysis of the Product. MASCA Journal, 2: 58-62.

1993 Cultural Choice and Technological Consequences: Constraint of Innovation in the Late Prehistoric Copper Smelting Industry of Cerro Huaringa, Peru. PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor.

Epstein, S., A. Craig, and I. Shimada

1983 The Metallurgical Process in Ancient North Peru. Archaeology 36:38-45.

Epstein, S., and I. Shimada

1983 Metalurgía de Sican. Una Reconstrucción de la Producción de la Aleación de Cobre en El Cerro de los Cementerios, Peru. Beitrage sur Allgemeinen un Vergleiche-Enden Archaologie, Band 5, pp. 379-430.

Erickson, C.

1985 Applications of Prehistoric Andean Technology: Experiments in Raised Field Agriculture,Huatta, Lake Titicaca, Peru. In I. Farrington, ed., Prehistoric Intensive Agriculture in the Tropics, pp. 209-232. B.A.R. International Series No. 232. Oxford, UK.

1986 Agricultura en Camellones en la Cuenca del Lago Titicaca: Aspectos Técnicos y su Futuro. In C. de la Torre and M. Burga, eds., Andenes y Camellones en el Perú Andino, pp. 331-50. Lima: Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología.

1987 The Dating of Raised-Field Agriculture in the Lake Titicaca Basin, Peru. In W. Denevan, et al., eds., Prehispanic Agricultural Fields in the Andean Region, pp. 373-84. B.A.R. International Series No. 359. Oxford.

1988 Raised Field Agriculture in the Lake Titicaca Basin: Putting Ancient Agriculture Back to Work. Expedition, 30: 3: 8-16.

1992 Prehistoric Landscape Management in the Andean Highlands: Ridged Field Agriculture and its Environmental Impact. Population and Environment, 13: 4: 285-300.

1993a Archaeological Methods for the Study of Ancient Landscapes of the Llanos de Mojos in the Bolivian Amazon. In Archaeology in the American Tropics: Current Analytical Method and Applications, edited by P. Stahl, pp. . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

1993b The Social Organization of Prehispanic Raised Field Agriculture in the late Titicaca Basin. In

Economic Aspects of Water Management in the Prehispanic New World, edited by V. Scarborough and B. Issac, pp. 369-426. Research in Economic Anthropology, Supplement 7, JAI Press, Greenwich, CT.

1994 Methodological Considerations in the Study of Ancient Andean Field Systems. In The Archaeology of Garden and Field, edited by N. Miller and K. Gleason, pp. 111-152. Univ. of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia.

1995 Archaeological Methods for the Study of Ancient Landscapes of the Llanos de Mojos in the Bolivian Amazon. In Archaeology in the American Tropics: Current Analytical Methods and Applications, edited by P. Stahl, pp. . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Erickson, C., and K. Candler

1989 Raised Fields and Sustainable Agriculture in the Lake Titicaca Basin of Peru. In Fragile Lands of Latin America: Strategies for Sustainable Development, edited by J. Browder, pp. 230-248. Westview Press, Boulder.

Escalante, J.

1993 Arquitectura Prehispánica en los Andes Bolivianos. La Paz: CIMA.

Estévez, J.

1992 Pasto Grande: Centro productivo tiwanaku e inka en las sud yungas bolivianas. Gaceta Arqueológica Andina, 4:21:109-138. Lima.

Farrington, I.

1980a The Archaeology of Irrigation Canals, with Special Reference to Peru. World Archaeology, 11: 287-305.

1980b Un entendimiento de sistemas de riego prehistórico en el Perú. América Indígena, 40: 4: 691-712. Mexico City.

1983 The Design and Function of the Intervalley Canal: Comments on a Paper by Ortloff, Moseley, and Feldman. American Antiquity, 48: 2: 360-74.

1984 Medidas de Tierra en el Valle de Yucay, Cusco. Gaceta Arqueológica Andina, 11: 10-11. Lima.

1992 Ritual Geography, Settlement Patterns, and the Characterization of the Provinces of the Inka Heartland. World Archaeology, 23: 3: 368-385.

1995 The Mummy, Palace, and Estate of Inka Huayna Capac at Quispeguanca. Tawantinsuyu 1:55-65. Canberra.

Farrington, I., and C. Park

1978 Hydraulic Engineering and Irrigation Agriculture in the Moche Valley, Peru: c. 1250-1532 A.D. Journal of Archaeological Science, 5: 255-68.

Feldman, R.

1977 Life in Ancient Peru. Field Museum of Natural History Bulletin, 48: 6: 12-17.

1983 From Maritime Chiefdom to Agricultural State in Formative Coastal Peru. In R. Leventhal and A. Kolata, eds., Civilization in the Ancient Americas, pp. 289-311. Albuquerque: Univ. of New Mexico Press.

1990 Ocupaciones del período cerámico temprano en Moquegua. Gaceta Arqueológica Andina 18/19:65-74. Lima.

1991 Preceramic Unbaked Clay Figurines from Aspero, Peru. In The New World Figurine Project, Vol. 1, edited by T. Stocker, pp. 5-19. Research Press, Provo.

1992 Preceramic Architectural and Subsistence Traditions. Andean Past 3:67-86. Cornell University Latin American Studies Program, Ithaca.

Fejos, P.

1944 Archaeological Exploration in the Cordillera Vilcabamba, Southeastern Peru. Viking Fund Publications in Anthropology No. 3. New York.

Fleming, S.

1986 The Mummies of Pachacamac. Expedition 28:3:39-45.

Flores Espinosa, I.

1990 Evidencia wari en el valle medio del Caplina. Gaceta Arqueológica Andina 18/19:159-164. Lima.

Fogel, H.

1993 Settlements in Time: A Study of Social and Political Development during the Gallinazo Occupation of the North Coast of Peru.. PhD dissertation, Dept. of Anthropology Yale University, New Haven.

Frame, M.

1991 Structure, Image and Abstraction: Paracas Necrópolis Headbands as System Templates. In Paracas Art and Architecture: Object and Context in South Coastal Peru, edited by A. Paul, pp. 110-171. University of Iowa Press, Iowa City.

Franke, E.

1995 Ceramic Craft Specialization at Chiji Jawira, Tiwanaku: Organization and Technology. Journal of the Steward Anthropological Society 23:1,2:111-120.

Franz, P., B. Svetla, and P. Wolfgang

1994 Evidence of the Alkaloids Cocaine, Nicotine, Tetrahydrocannabinol and their Metabolites in Pre-Columbian Peruvian Mummies. Eres (Arqueología) 5:1:109-116. Museo Arquelógico y Etnográfico, Tenerife, Canary Islands.

Friedman, A., et al.

1972 Moche Copper Analysis: Early New World Metal Technology. American Antiquity, 37: 2: 254-58.

Frost, P.

1989 Exploring Cuzco. Lima: Nuevas Imagenes, S.A.

Fuchs, P. R.

1990 Neue Forschungen sur Formativzeitlichen Besiedlungsgeschichte Cerro Sechins, Peru. PhD dissertation, Lateinamerika-Institut, Freie Universität Berlin.

Fuji, T.

1980 Prehispanic Cultures on the Western Slope of the Southern Peruvian Andes. Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology, 5: 1: 83-120. Osaka, Japan.

1993 El felino, el mundo subterráneo y el rito de fertilidad: Tres elementos principales de la ideología andina. In El Mundo Ceremonial Andino, edited by L. Millones and Y. Onuki, pp. 259-274. Senri Ethnological Studies No. 37, National Museum of Ethnology, Osaka, Japan.

Fung, R.

1969 Las Aldas: Su Ubicación dentro del Proceso Histórico del Perú Antiguo. Dédalo, Vol. 5, Nos. 9-10. Sao Paulo, Brazil: Museu de Arte e Arqueología, Univ. de Sao Paulo.

1975 Exploraciones en Pacopampa, Cajamarca. Revista del Museo Nacional, 41: 129-210. Lima.

Fung, R., and V. Pimentel

1973 Chankillo. Revista del Museo Nacional, 39: 71-80. Lima.

Fung, R., and C. Williams

1977 Exploraciones y Excavaciones en el Valle de Sechin, Casma. Revista del Museo Nacional, 43:111-156. Lima.

Garayochea, I.

1987 Agricultural Experiments in Raised Fields in the Titicaca Basin, Peru: Preliminary Considerations. In Prehispanic Agricultural Fields in the Andean Region, edited by W. Denevan and G. Knapp, pp. 385-398. British Archaeological Reports International Series No. . Oxford,U.K.

Gasparini, G., and L. Margolies

1980 Inca Architecture. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

Gero, J.

1990 Pottery, Power, and Parties at Queyash, Peru. Archaeology, 43: 2: 52-55.

1991a Genderlithics: Women's Roles in Stone Tool Production. In Engendering Archaeology, edited by M. Conkey and J. Gero, pp. 163-193. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

1991b Who Experienced What in Prehistory? A Narrative Explanation from Queyash, Peru. In Processual and Postprocessual Archaeologies: Multiple Ways of Knowing the Past, edited by R. Preucel, pp. 126-139. Occasional Paper No. 10, Center for Archaeological Investigations, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, Carbondale.

1992 Feasts and Females: Gender Ideology and Political Means in the Andes. Norwegian Archaeological Review, 25:1:15-30.

Girault, L.

1977 Las Ruinas de Chullpa Pata de la Communidad de Kallamarka. Arqueología Boliviana, 2: 191-210. La Paz.

1990 La Cerámica del Templete Semi Subterráneo de Tiwanaku. La Paz: Instituto Francés de Estudios Andinos.

Goldstein, P.

1988 The Tiwanaku Occupation of Moquegua. In D. Rice and C. Stanish, eds., Settlement, History,and Ecology in the Osmore Drainage, Southern Peru, pp. . British Archaeological Reports,International Series No. .

1989 Omo, A Tiwanaku Provincial Center in Moquegua, Peru. PhD dissertation, Univ. of Chicago Dept. of Anthropollogy.

1990 La ocupación tiwanaku en Moquegua. Gaceta Arqueológica Andina 18/18:75-104. Lima.

1993a Tiwanaku Temples and State Expansion: A Tiwanaku Sunken-Court Temple in Moquegua, Peru. Latin American Antiquity, 4: 1: 22-47.

1993b House, Community and State in the Earliest Tiwanaku Colony: Domestic Patterns and State

Integration at Omo M12, Moquegua. In Domestic Architecture, Ethnicity, and Complementarity in the South-Central Andes, edited by M. Aldenderfer, pp. 25-41. University of Iowa Press, Iowa City.

Golte, J.

1993 Los Dioses de Sipán: Las Adventuras del Díos Quismíque y su Ayudante Murrup. Instituto de Estudios Peruanos, Lima.

1994a Iconos y Narraciones: La Reconstrucción de una Secuencia de Imágenes Moche. Instituto de Esudios Peruanos, Lima.

1994b Los Dioses de Sipán, II: La Rebelión contra el Dios Sol. Instituto de Estudios Peruanos, Lima.

Gonzales, E.

1992 Los Señoríos Chankas. Epígrafe Editores, Lima.

Gonzales, E., and E. Bragayrac

1986 El Templo Mayor de Wari, Ayacucho. Boletin de Lima, 47: 9-20.

Gonzales, E., and D. Pozzi-Escot

1992 Arqueología Regional de Ayacucho: Balance y Bibliografía Básica. Gaceta Arqueológica Andina 4:21:173-196. Lima.

Gordon, R., and J. Rutledge

1984 Bismuth Bronze from Macchu Picchu, Peru. Science, 223: 585-586.

Gorin, S.

1989 Control of the Effects of Wind, Sand, and Dust by the Citadel Walls in Chan Chan, Peru. Ed.D. thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg. University Microfilms,Ann Arbor.

Graffam, G.

1990 Raised Fields without Bureaucracy: An Archaeological Examination of Intensive Wetland Cultivation in the Pampa Koani Zone, Lake Titicaca, Bolivia. PhD dissertation, Univ. of Toronto Dept. of Anthropology.

1992 Beyond State Collapse: Rural History, Raised Fields, and Pastoralism in the South Andes. American Anthropologist, 94: 4: 882-904.

Grieder, T.

1975 A Dated Sequence of Building and Pottery at Las Haldas. Ñawpa Pacha, 13: 99-112.

1978 The Art and Archaeology of Pashash. Austin: Univ. of Texas Press.

Grieder, T., and A. Bueno

1981 La Galgada: Peru Before Pottery. Archaeology, 34: 6: 26-32.

1985 Ceremonial Architecture at La Galgada. In C. Donnan, ed., Early Ceremonial Architecture in the Andes, pp. 93-110. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks.

Grieder, T., A. Bueno,, C. Smith, and R. Molina

1988 La Galgada, Peru: A Preceramic Culture in Transition. University of Texas Press, Austin.

Grossman, J.

1983 Demographic Change and Economic Transformations in the South-Central Highlands of Pre-Huari Peru. Ñawpa Pacha, 21: 45-126.

Guevera, H., and L. Guzman

1992 El Ocaso del Imperio de los Incas. Universidad nacional de Educación, Lima.

Guinea, M.

1983 Patrones de Asentamiento en la Arqueología de Esmeraldas, Ecuador. Madrid: Memorias de la Misión Española en el Ecuador, Vol. 8.

Haas, J.

1985 Excavations on Huaca Grande: An Initial View of the Elite of Pampa Grande, Peru. Journal of Field Archaeology, 12: 391-409.

Haas, J., et al. (eds.)

1987 The Origins and Development of the Andean State. Cambridge University Press.

Hagstrum, M.

1986 The Technology of Ceramic Production of Wanka and Inka Wares from the Yanamarca Valley, Peru. In P. Rice, ed., Ceramic Notes, Occ. Notes of the Ceramic Technology Laboratory No. 3, Florida State Museum. Gainesville.

1989 Technological Continuity and Change: Ceramic Ethnoarchaeology in the Peruvian Andes. PhD dissertation, University of California at Los Angeles. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor.

Hastings, C.

1987 Implications of Andean Verticality in the Evolution of Political Complexity: A View from the Margins. In J. Haas, et al., eds., The Origins and Development of the Andean State, pp. . Cambridge.

Hastings, C., and M. Moseley

1975 The Adobes of Huaca del Sol and Huaca de la Luna. American Antiquity, 40: 196-203.

Hastorf, C.

1983 Prehistorical Agricultural Intensification and Political Development in the Jauja Region of

Central Peru. PhD dissertation, UCLA.

1985a Dietary Reconstruction in the Andes. Anthropology Tomorrow, 1: 6: 19-21.

1985b Intensive Agriculture and the Geography of Political Change in the Upper Mantaro Region of Central Peru. In I. Farrington, ed., Prehistoric Intensive Agriculture in the Tropics, pp. 569- 595. British Archaeological Reports, International Series No. 232. Oxford, U.K.

1987 Archaeological Evidence of Coca (Erythroxylum coca, Erythroxylaceae) in the Upper Mantaro Valley, Peru. Economic Botany, 41: 2: 292-301.

1990a One Path to the Heights: Negotiating Political Inequality in the Sausa of Peru. In S. Upham, ed., The Evolution of Political Systems, pp. 146-176. Tucson: Univ. of Arizona Press.

1990b The Effect of the Inka State on Sausa Agricultural Production and Crop Consumption. American Antiquity, 55: 2: 262-290.

1991 Gender, Space, and Food in Prehistory. In J. Gero and M. Conkey, eds., Engendering Archaeology, pp. 132-157. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

1993 Agriculture and the Onset of Political Inequality before the Inca. Cambridge University Press.

Hastorf, C., and T. Earle

1985 Intensive Agriculture and the Geography of Political Change in the Upper Mantaro Region of Central Peru. In I. Farrington, ed., Prehistoric Intensive Agriculture in the Tropics, pp. 569-95. B.A.R. International Series No. 232. Oxford.

Hastorf, C., and S. Johannessen

1989 Corn and Culture in Central Andean Prehistory. Science 244:690-692.

1991 Understanding Changing People/Plant Relationships in the Prehispanic Andes. In Processual and Post-Processual Archaeologies: Multiple Ways of Knowing the Past, edited by R. Preucel, pp. 140-155. Southern Illinois Press, Carbondale.

1993 Pre-Hispanic Political Change and the Role of Maize in the Central Andes of Peru. American Anthropologist, 95: 1: 115-138.

Hastorf, C., and G. Seltzer

1990 Climate Change and its Effect on Prehispanic Agriculture in the Central Peruvian Andes. Journal of Field Archaeology 17:397-414.

Hastorf, C., et al.

1989 Settlement Archaeology in the Jauja Region of Peru; Evidence from the EIP through the LIP: A Report on the 1986 Fieldseason. Andean Past, 2: 81-129. Ithaca, N.Y.

Hawkins, G.

1969 Ancient Lines in the Peruvian Desert. Cambridge: Smithsonian Institution Astronomical Laboratory.

Hayashida, F.

1994 Producción cerámica en el imperio Inca: Una visión global y nuevos datos. In Tecnología y Organización de la Producción de Cerámica en los Andes, edited by I. Shimada, pp. 443-476. Pontifica Universidad Católica del Perú, Fondo Editorial, Lima.

1995 State Pottery Production in the Inka Provinces. PhD dissertation, University of Michigan. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms.

Hecker, W., and G. Hecker

1990 Ruinas, Caminos, y Sistemas de Irrigación Prehispánicos en la Provincia de Pacasmayo, Perú. Instituto Departmental de Cultural, La Libertad, Trujillo, Peru.

1991 Die Huaca 16 in Pacatnamú. Eine Ausgrabung an der Nordperuanischen Küste. Dietrich Reimer Verlag, Berlin.

Heffernan, K.

1991 Inca Sites in High Places near Cuzco. Comechingonia 9:2:269-299. Cordoba, Argentina.

1995 Paullu, tocto Usica and Chilche in the Royal lands of Limatambo and Quispeguanca. Tawantinsuyu 1:66-85. Canberra.

1996 Limatambo: Archaeology, History and the Regional Societies of Inca Cusco. British Archaeological Reports International Series No. 644. Tempvs Reparatvm, Oxford, U.K.

Hemming, J., and E. Ranney

1992 Monuments of the Inca. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.

Heyerdahl, T., D. Sandweiss, and A. Navaez

1995 Pyramids of Tucume: The Quest for Peru's Forgotten City. Thames and Hudson, London.

Hocquenghem, A.

1987 Iconografía Mochica, 2nd Edition. Lima: Pontifica Universidad Catolica del Perú.

1991 Frontera entre 'Areas Culturales' nor y centroandinas en los valles y la costa del extremo norte peruano. Bulletin de l'Institut Francais d'Etudes Andines 20:2:309-348. Lima.

1993 Rutas de entrada del mullu en el extremo norte del Perú. Bulletin de l'Institut Francais d'Etudes Andines 22:3:701-719. Lima.

Hocquenghem, A., and P. Lyon

1980 A Class of Anthropomorphic Supernatural Females in Moche Iconography. Ñawpa Pacha 18:27-48.

Hocquenghem, A., and M. Peña

1994 La talla del material malacológico en Tumbes. Bulletin de l'Institut Francais d'Etudes Andines 23:2:209-229.

Hornborg, A.

1989 Stratification and Exchange in the Pre-Columbian Andes: A Review Article. Ethnos 3-4:217-228.

Howe, E., and U. Petersen

1994 Silver and Lead in the Late Prehistory of the Mantaro Valley, Peru. In Archaeometry of pre-Columbian sites and Artifacts: Proceedings of a Symposium Organized by the UCLA Institute of Archaeology and the Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles, March 23-27, 1992, edited by D. Scott and P. Meyers, pp. 183-198. Getty Conservation Institute, Malibu.

Huidobro, J.

1992 Influencia tiwanaku en el Kusko. Pumapunku 3:9-29. La Paz.

Hyslop, J.

1977a Hilltop Cities in Peru. Archaeology, 30: 4: 218-25.

1977b Chulpas of the Lupaca Zone of the Peruvian High Plateau. Journal of Field Archaeology, 4:149-70.

1984 The Inka Road System. New York: Academic Press.

1985 Inkawasi, the New Cuzco. B.A.R. International Series No. 234. Oxford.

1990 Inka Settlement Planning. Austin: Univ. of Texas Press.

1993 Factors Influencing the Transmission and Distribution of Inka Cultural Materials throughout Tawantinsuyu. Latin American Horizons, pp. 337-356. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C.

Hyslop, J., and D. Dreier

1992 The Rise of Andean Civilization. Science Year: The World Book Annual Science Supplement, pp. 44-61. World Book Inc., Chicago.

Hyslop, J., B. Guerrero, and L. Lumbreras

1992 El camino Inka entre el Rio Yanahuara (Chaupi Waranga) y la ciudad Inka de Huánuco Pampa, Departamentos de Pasco y Huánuco, Perú. Gaceta Arqueológica Andina 4:21:55-80. Lima.

Iriarte, F.

1992 Escudos simbólicos o tabletas sepulcrales en la Cultura Chancay. Revista del Museo de Arqueología 3:111-116. Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo, Peru.

Isbell, W.

1974 Ecología de la Expansión de los Quechua-Hablantes. Revista del Museo Nacional, 40: 139-155. Lima.

1977 The Rural Foundations for Urbanism. Illinois Studies in Anthropology No. 10. Urbana: Univ. of Illinois Press.

1978a The Prehistoric Ground Drawings of Peru. Scientific American, .

1978b Environmental Perturbations and the Origin of the Andean State. In C. Redman, et al., eds., Social Archaeology, pp. 303-314. New York: Academic Press.

1978c Cosmological Order Expressed in Prehistoric Ceremonial Centers. Proc. of the 42nd International Congress of Americanists, 4: 269-97.

1983 Shared Ideology and Parallel Political Development: Huari and Tiwanaku. In D. Sandweiss, ed., Investigations of the Andean Past, pp. 186-208. Cornell University Latin American Studies Program.

1984 Huari Urban Prehistory. In A. Kendall, ed., Current Anthropological Projects in the Central Andes, pp. 95-131. B.A.R. International Series No. 210. Oxford.

1985 El Origen del Estado en el Valle de Ayacucho. Revista Andina, 3: 1: 57-106. Cusco.

1986 Emergence of City and State at Wari, Ayacucho, Peru, during the Middle Horizon. In R. Matos, ed., Andean Archaeology: Papers in Memory of Clifford Evans, pp. 189-200. UCLA, Institute of Archaeology, Monograph No. 27.

1987a Conchopata, Ideological Innovator in Middle Horizon I-A. Ñawpa Pacha, 22: 91-134.

1987b State Origins in the Ayacucho Valley, Central Highlands, Peru. In J. Haas, S. Pozorski, and T. Pozorski, eds., The Origins and Development of the Andean State, pp. 83-90. Cambridge Univ. Press.

1988a Andean Linguistics and Culture History: An Examination of Competing Interpretations. Journal of the Steward Anthropological Society, 15: 1, 2: 241-258.

1988b City and State in Middle Horizon Huari. In R. Keatinge, ed., Peruvian Prehistory, pp. 164-189. Cambridge Univ. Press.

1991a Architecture and Spatial Organization at Huari. In W. Isbell and G. McEwan, eds., Huari Administrative Structure: Prehistoric Monumental Architecture and State Government, pp. 19-53. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Inst. Press.

1991b Honcopampa: Monumental Ruins in Peru's North Highlands. Expedition 33:3:27-36.

1997 Mummies and Mortuary Practices: A Postprocessual Prehistory of Central Andean Social Organization. University of Texas Press, Austin.

Isbell, W., C. Brewster-Wray, and L. Spickard

1991 Architecture and Spatial Organization at Huari. In W. Isbell and G. McEwan, eds., Huari Administrative Structure: Prehispanic Monumental Architecture and State Government, pp. 19-53. Smithsonian Inst. Press, Washington, D.C.

Isbell, W., and A. Cook

1987 Ideological Origins of an Andean Conquest State. Archaeology, 40: 4: 27-33.

Isbell, W., and G. McEwan, eds.

1991 Huari Administrative Structure: Prehistoric Monumental Architecture and State Government. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Inst. Press.

Isbell, W., and K. Schreiber

1978 Was Huari a State? American Antiquity, 43: 3: 372-89.

Isla, E., and D. Guerrero

1987 Socos: Un Sitio Wari en el Valle del Chillon. Gaceta Arqueológica Andina, 14: 23-28. Lima.

Izumi, S.

1971 Development of the Formative Culture in the Ceja de Montaña of the Central Andes. In E. Benson, ed., Dumbarton Oaks Conference on Chavin, pp. 49-72. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks.

Izumi, S., and T. Sono

1963 Andes 2: Excavations at Kotosh, Peru. Univ. of Tokyo Press.

Izumi, S., and K. Terada

1972 Andes 4: Excavations at Kotosh, Peru, 1963 and 1966. Univ. of Tokyo Press.

Izumi, S., et al.

1972 Excavations at Shillacoto, Huanuco, Peru. University Museum Bulletin No. 3. Univ. of Tokyo.

Janusek, J.

1994 State and Local Power in a Prehispanic Andean Polity: Changing Patterns of Urban Residence in Tiwanaku and Lukurmata,Bolivia. PhD dissertation, Dept. of Anthropology, University of Chicago. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms.

Janusek, J., and G. Byrne

1984 El Tiwanaku en Cochabamba. Arqueología Boliviana, No. 1. La Paz.

Johannessen, S., and C. Hastorf

1989 Corn and Culture in Central Andean Prehistory. Science, 244: 690-92.

1990 A History of Andean Fuel Use (A.D. 500 to the Present) in the Mantaro Valley, Peru. Journal of Ethnobiology,

Johannessen, S., S. Goette, and C. Hastorf

1990 Modern and Ancient Maize Fragments: An Experiment in Variability. Journal of Quantitative Anthropology, 2: 179-200.

Julien, C.

1983 Hatunqolla: A View of Inca Rule from the Lake Titicaca Region. Univ. of California Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 15. Berkeley: Univ. of Calif. Press.

Julien, D.

1988 Ancient Cuismancu: Settlement and Cultural Dynamics in the Cajamarca Region of the North Highlands of Peru, 200 B.C. - A.D. 1532. PhD dissertation, University of Texas at Austin. AnnArbor: University Microfilms.

1993 Late Pre-Inkaic Ethnic Groups in Highland Peru: An Archaeological-Ethnohistorical Model of the Political Geography of the Cajamarca Region. Latin American Antiquity, 4: 3: 246-273.

Julien, M.

1980 La Industria Osea de Telarmachay, Periodo Formativo. Revista del Museo Nacional, 44: 69-94. Lima.

Kano, C.

1971 Excavaciones en Shillacoto, Huanuco [Peru]. Revista del Museo Nacional, 37: 52-62. Lima.

1979 The Origins of the Chavin Culture. Studies in Precolumbian Art and Archaeology, No. 22. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks.

Katz, F.

1978 A Comparison of Some Aspects of the Evolution of Cuzco and Tenochtitlan. In Urbanization in the Americas, edited by R. Schadel, J. Hardoy, and N. Kinzer, pp. 203-214. Mouton, The Hague.

Kaulike, P.

1975 Pandanche: Un Caso del Formativo en los Andes de Cajamarca. Seminario de Historia Rural Andina, Univ. Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima.

1976 El Formativo de Pacopampa. Seminario de História Rural Andina, Univ. Nac. Mayor de San Marcos, Lima.

1991 El Período Intermedio Temprano del Alto Piura: Avances del Proyecto Arqueológico 'Alto Piura' (1987-1990). Bulletin de l'Institut Francais d'Etudes Andines 20:2:381-422. Lima.

1992 Moche, Vicus-Moche, y el Mochica Temprano. Bulletin de l'Institut Francais d'Etudes Andines 21:3:853-903. Lima.

1993 Evidencias paleoclimáticas en el Alto Piura durante el Período Intermedio temprano: Resumen. Bulletin de l'Institut Francais d'Etudes Andines 22:1:283-311. Lima.

1994 La presencia Mochica en el Alto Piura: Problemática y propuestas. In Moche: Propuestas y Perspectivas, edited by S. Uceda and E. Mujica, pp. 327-358. Institut Francais d'Etudes Andines, Lima.

Keatinge, R.

1975 Urban Settlement Systems and Rural Sustaining Communities: An Example from Chan Chan's Hinterland. Journal of Field Archaeology, 2: 215-27.

1977 Religious Forms and Secular Functions: The Expansion of State Bureaucracies as Reflected in Prehistoric Architecture on the Peruvian North Coast. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 293: 229-45.

1978 The Pacatnamú Textiles. Archaeology, 31: 2: 30-41.

1981 The Nature and Role of Religious Diffusion in the Early Stages of State Formation: An Example from Peruvian Prehistory. In G. Jones and R. Kautz, eds., The Transition to Statehood in the New World, pp. 172-87. Cambridge University Press.

1982 The Chimu Empire in Regional Perspective: Cultural Antecedents and Continuities. In M. Moseley and K. Day (eds.), Chan Chan: Andean Desert City, pp. 197-224. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.

Keatinge, R. (editor)

1988 Peruvian Prehistory. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Keatinge, R., and G. Conrad

1983 Imperialist Expansion in Peruvian Prehistory: Chimu Administration of a Conquered Territory. Journal of Field Archaeology, 10: 255-83.

Keatinge, R., and K. Day

1973 Socio-Economic Organization of the Moche Valley during the Chimu Occupation of Chan Chan. Journal of Anthropological Research, 29: 4: 275-95.

1974 Chan Chan: A Study of Precolumbian Urbanism and the Management of Land and Water Resources in Peru. Archaeology, 27: 4: 228-35.

Keatinge, R., et al.

1975 From the Sacred to the Secular: First Report on a Prehistoric Architectural Transition on the North Coast of Peru. Archaeology, 28: 2: 128-29.

Kendall, A.

1976 Descripción e Inventario de las Formas Arquitectónicas Inca. Revista del Museo Nacional, 42: 13-96. Lima.

1994 Proyecto Arqueológico Cusichaca, Cusco: Investigaciones Arqueológicas y de Rehabilitación Agrícola. Southern Peru Copper Corporation, Lima.

Kendall, A. (ed.)

1984 Current Archaeological Projects in the Central Andes: Some Approaches and Results. B.A.R. International Series No. 210. Oxford.

Kendall, A., R. Early, and B. Sillar

1992 Report on Archaeological Field Season Investigating Early Inca Architecture at Juchuy Cosco and Warq'ana Province of Calca, Depto. of Cuzco, Peru. In Ancient America, ed. by N. J. Saunders, pp. 189-255. Oxbow Books, Oxford, U.K.

Kent, J.

1987 Periodic Aridity and Prehispanic Titicaca Basin Settlement Patterns. In D. Browman (editor), Arid Land Use Strategies and Risk Management in the Andes, pp. 297-317. Westview Press, Boulder.

Kern, H.

1974 Peruanische Frdzeichen [Peruvian Ground Drawings]. Munich: Kunstraum.

Klymshyn, A.

1982 Elite Compounds in Chan Chan. In M. Moseley and K. Day (eds.), Chan Chan: Andean Desert City, pp. 119-144. Albuquerque: Univ. of New Mexico Press.

Knobloch, P.

1983 A Study of the Andean Huari Ceramics from the Early Intermediate Period to the Middle Horizon Epoch I. PhD dissertation, SUNY-Binghamton.

Koda, Y.

1989 Prehistoric Agricultural Implements of the South Coast of Peru. PhD dissertation, University of California at Berkeley. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor.

Kolata, A.

1982a Chronology and Settlement Growth at Chan Chan. In M. Moseley and K. Day, eds., Chan Chan: Andean Desert City, pp. 67-89. Albuquerque: Univ. of New Mexico Press.

1982b Tiwanaku: Portrait of an Andean Civilization. Field Museum of Natural History, Bulletin 53:8: 13-18.

1983 The South Andes. In J. Jennings, ed., Ancient South Americans, pp. 241-85. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman Co.

1986 The Agricultural Foundation of the Tiwanaku State: A View from the Heartland. American Antiquity, 51: 4: 748-62.

1987 Tiwanaku and its Hinterland. Archaeology, 40: 1: 25-36.

1990 The Urban Concept of Chan Chan. In The Northern Dynasties: Kingship and Statecraft in Chimor, edited by M. Moseley and A. Cordy-Collins, pp. 107-144. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C.

1991 The Technology and Organization of the Agricultural Production in the Tiwanaku State. Latin American Antiquity, 2: 2: 99-125.

1992 Economy, Ideology, and Imperialism in the South- Central Andes. In A. Demarest and G. Conrad, eds., Ideology and Precolumbian Civilizations, pp. 65-85. Santa Fe: School of American Research.

1993a The Tiwanaku: Portrait of an Andean Civilization. Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell.

1993b Understanding Tiwanaku: Conquest, Colonization, and Clientage in the South Central Andes. In Latin American Horizons, edited by D. Rice, pp. 193-224. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C.

1996 Valley of the Spirits: A Journey into the Lost Realm of the Aymara. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Kolata, A. (ed.)

1989a Arqueología de Lukurmata 2: La Tecnología de la Producción Agrícola en el Estado Tiwanaku. La Paz, Bolivia.

1989b Una Excavación de Prueba cerca del Templo Semisubterraneo de Lukurmata. La Paz, Bolivia: Sui Generis.

1996 Tiwanaku and its Hinterland: Archaeology and Paleoecology of an Andean Civilization. Volume 1: Agroecology. Smithsonian Institution Press.

Kolata, A., and C. Ortloff

1989 Thermal Analysis of Tiwanaku Raised Field Systems in the Lake Titicaca Basin of Bolivia. Journal of Archaeological Science, 16: 233-263. .

Kolata, A., and C. Ponce (eds.)

1992 Tiwanaku: the City at the Center. In R. Townsend, ed., The Ancient Americas: Art from Sacred Landscapes, pp. 317-333. Chicago: The Art Institute of Chicago.

Kosok, P., and M. Reiche

1947 The Mysterious Markings of Nazca. Natural History, 56: 200-207.

Kranowski, A.

1977 Yuraccama, the Settlement Complex in the Alto Chicama Region, North Peru. In J. Kozlowski, ed., Polish Contributions in New World Archaeology, pp. 29-58. Krakow.

Kus, J.

1984 The Chicama-Moche Canal: Failure or Success? An Alternative Explanation for an Incomplete Canal. American Antiquity, 49: 408-15.

Kuznar, L.

1990 Economic Models, Ethnoarchaeology, and Early Pastoralism in the High Sierra of the Central Andes. 2 vols. PhD dissertation, Northwestern University. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor.

Kvamme, K.

1997 A Wider View of the Relationship between Settlement Size and Population in the Peruvian Andes. American Antiquity 62:719-722.

Larco, R.

1938 Los Mochicas. 2 vols. 'La Crónica' y Variedades, Lima.

Lathrap, D.

1965 Origins of Central Andean Civilization. Science, 148: 796-98.

1968 Aboriginal Occupation and Changes in River Channel on the Central Ucayali, Peru. American Antiquity, 33: 1: 62-80.

1971 The Tropical Forest and the Cultural Context of Chavin. In E. Benson, ed., The Dumbarton Oaks Conference on Chavin, pp. 73-90. Washington, D.C.

1973 Gifts of the Cayman: Some Thoughts on the Subsistence Base of Chavin. In D. Lathrap and J. Douglas, eds., Variations in Anthropology, pp. 91-105. Urbana: Illinois Archaeological Survey.

1977 Our Father the Cayman, our Mother the Gourd: Spinden Revisited, or a Unitary Model for the Emergence of Agriculture in the New World. In C. Reed, ed., Origins of Agriculture, pp. 713-51. The Hague: Mouton.

1985a Jaws: The Control of Power in the Early Nuclear American Ceremonial Center. In C. Donnan, ed., Early Ceremonial Architecture in the Andes, pp. 241-68. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks.

1985b The Roots of Shipibo Art Style: Three Waves on Imiríacocha, or There were "Incas" before the Incas. Journal of Latin American Lore, 11: 1: 31-119.

Lavallee, D.

1973 Estructura y Organización del Habitat en los Andes Centrales durante el Periodo Intermedio Tardío. Revista del Museo Nacional, 39: 91-116. Lima.

1977 Telarmachay: Campamento de Pastores en la Puna de Junin del Periodo Formativo. Revista del Museo Nacional, 43: 61-110. Lima.

1992 Las representaciones de animales en la cerámica Mochica. Revista del Museo de Arqueología 3:117-127. Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo, Peru.

Lavallee, D., and M. Julien

1983 Asto: Curacazgo Prehispánico de los Andes Centrales. Lima: Instituto de Estudios Peruanos.

LeBlanc, C.

1981 Late Prehispanic Huanca Settlement Patterns in the Yanamarca Valley, Peru. PhD dissertation, Dept. of Anthropology, University of California at Los Angeles.

Lechtman, H.

1974 El Dorado de Metales en el Perú Prehispánico. Revista del Museo Nacional, 40: 87-110. Lima.

1976 A Metallurgical Site Survey in the Peruvian Andes. Journal of Field Archaeology, 3: 1: 1-42.

1980 The Central Andes: Metallurgy without Iron. In T. Wertime and J. Muhyly, eds., The Coming of the Age of Iron, pp. 269-334. New Haven: Yale University Press.

1984 Andean Value Systems and the Development of Prehistoric Metallurgy. Technology and Culture, 25: 1-36.

1988 Traditions and Styles in Central Andean Metalworking. In The Beginning of the use of Metals and Alloys, edited by R. Maddin, pp. 344-378. MIT Press, Cambridge.

1991 The Production of Copper-Arsenic Alloys in the Central Andes: Highland Ores and Coastal Smelters? Journal of Field Archaeology, 18: 43-76.

Lechtman, H., and M. Moseley

1973 The Scoria at Chan Chan: Non-Metallurgical Deposits. Ñawpa Pacha, 10/12: 135-70.

Lechtman, H., and A. Soldi (eds.)

1981 La Tecnología en el Mundo Andino. Mexico City: Univ. Nac. Aut. de Mexico.

Lechtman, H., et al. (eds.)

1982 New Perspectives on Moche Metallurgy: Techniques of Guilding Copper at Loma Negra, N. Peru. American Antiquity, 47: 3-30.

Lecoq, P.

1985 Ethnoarchéologie du salar d'Uyuni: sel et culture intersalar. Bulletin de l'Institut Francais d'Etudes Andines 16:1,2:1-38. Lima.

1987 Caravanes de lamas, set et échanges deans un communauté de Potosí, en Bolivie. Bulletin de l'Institut Francais d'Etudes Andines 16:3,4:1-38. Lima.

1991 Sel et Archeologie en bolivie. De Quelquies Problemes Relatifs a l'Occupation Prehispanique de la Cordillere Intersalar (Sud-Oeste bolivien). PhD dissertation, Université de Paris I, Panthén-Sorvbonne, Microfiche 0745.12393/92, A.N.R.T., Université de Lille III.

Lecoq, P., and R. Cespedes

1997 Nuevos datos sobre la ocupación prehispánica de los Andes meridionales de Bolivia (Potosi). Cuadernos 9:111-152. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales, Univ. Nac. de Jujuy, Argentina.

Lee, V. T.

1990 Chanasuyu: The Ruins of Inca Vilcabamba. Institute of Andean Studies, Berkeley.

Lemuz, Carlos

1999 El Papel de la Peninsula de Santiago de Huata entre los Periodos Formativo y Tiwanaku. Tesis, Departamento de Anthropología, Universidad de San Andres, La Paz.

Lennon, T.

1982 Raised Fields of Lake Titicaca, Peru: A Prehispanic Water Management System. PhD dissertation, University of Colorado. Boulder, Colorado.

1983 Pattern Analysis of Prehispanic Raised Fields of Lake Titicaca, Peru. In J. Darch, ed., Drained Field Agriculture in Central and South America, pp. 183-200. B.A.R. International Series No. 189. Oxford.

Lennstrom, H.

1992 Intrasite Spatial Variability and Resource Utilization in the Prehistoric Peruvian Highlands. PhD dissertation, University of Minnesota. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor.

Levine, T.

1985 Inka Administration in the Central Highlands: A Comparative Study. PhD dissertation, Dept. of Anthropology, University of California at Los Angeles.

1987 Inka Labor Service at the Regional Level: the Functional Reality. Ethnohistory, 34: 14-46.

Levine, T. (ed.)

1992 Inka Storage Systems. Norman: Univ. of Oklahoma Press.

Llagostera, A.

1992 Fishermen on the Pacific Coast of South America. Andean Past 3:87-109. Cornell University Program in Latin American Studies, Ithaca.

Loche, L.

1923 The Ancient Quipu, or Peruvian Knot Record. New York: American Museum of Natural History.

1928 Supplementary Notes on the Quipus of the American Museum of Natural History. American Museum of Natural History, Anthropological Papers, 30: 39-73.

Loten, S.

1985 Marcahuamachuco: Dynastic Architecture before the Inca. Rotunda, 17: 4: 31-34. Toronto: Royal Ontario Museum.

Lumbreras, L.

1970 Los Templos de Chavin. Lima: Corp. Peruana del Santa.

1971 Towards a Re-evaluation of Chavin. In E. Benson, ed., Dumbarton Oaks Conference on Chavin, pp. 1-28. Washington, D.C.

1974a Informe de Labores del Proyecto Chavin. Arqueológicas, 15: 37-56. Lima.

1974b Los Reinos Post-Tiwanaku en el Area Altiplanica. Revista del Museo Nacional, 40: 55-85. Lima.

1974c Las Fundaciones de Humanga. Lima.

1977 Excavaciones en el Templo Antiguo de Chavin (Sector R): Informe del Sexta Campaña. Ñawpa Pacha, 15: 1-38.

1980 El Imperio Wari. História del Perú, 2: 11-91. Lima: Editorial Mejia Baca.

1981 The Strategy of the Open Sites. In R. MacNeish, ed., Prehsitory of the Ayacucho Basin, Peru, Vol. 2, pp. 168-98. Ann Arbor: Univ. of Michigan Press.

1989a Chavin de Huantar en el Nacimiento de la Civilización Andina. Lima: Inst. Andino de Estudios Arqueológicos.

1989b Visión Arqueológica del Perú Milenario. Editorial Milla Batres, Lima.

1993 Chavin de Huantar: Excavaciones en la Galería de las Ofrendas. Materialien sur Allgemeinen un Vergleichenden Archaologie Band 51. Kommission fur Allgemeine und Vergleichende Archaologie des Deutschen Archaologischen Instituts. Verlag Phillipp von Zabern, Mainz.

Lumbreras, L., and H. Amat

1968 Secuencia Arqueológica del Altiplano Occidental del Titicaca. Actas y Memorias del 37° Congreso Internacional de Americanistas 2:75-106. Buenos Aires.

1969 Informe Preliminar sobre las Galerias Interiores de Chavin. Revista del Museo Nacional, 34:143-197. Lima.

Lumbreras, L., and E. Mujica

1982 Kallamarca: Relaciones con Pukara y Paracas. Gaceta Arqueológica Andina 3: . Lima.

Lumbreras, L., et al.

1976 Acerca de la Function del Sistema Hidráulica de Chavin. Serie Investigaciones de Campo, No. 2. Lima: Museo Nacional de Antropología y Arqueología.

Lunt, S.

1987 Inca and Pre-Inca Pottery from Cusichaca, Depto. of Cuzco, Peru. PhD dissertation, Institute of Archaeology, University of London, London.

1988 The Manufacture of the Inca Aryballus. In N. Saunders and O. de Montmollin, editors, Recent Studies in Pre-Columbian Archaeology, pp. 489-511. B.A.R. International Series No. 421, Oxford, U.K.

Lynch, T.

1983 Camelid Pastoralism and the Emergence of Tiwanaku Civilization in the South-Central Andes. World Archaeology, 15: 1: 1-14.

Mackey, C.

1982 The Middle Horizon as Viewed from the Moche Valley. In M. Moseley and K. Day, eds., Chan Chan: Andean Desert City, pp. 321-32. Albuquerque: Univ. of New Mexico Press.

Mackey, C., and C. Hastings

1982 Moche Murals from the Huaca de la Luna. In A. Collins, ed., Precolumbian Art History: Selected Readings, pp. 293-312.

Mackey, C., and U. Klymshyn

1981 Construction and Labor Organization in the Chimu Empire. Ñawpa Pacha, 19: 99-114.

1990 The Southern Frontier of the Chimu Empire. In The Northern Dynasties: Kingship and Statecraft in Chimor, edited by M. Moseley and A. Cordy-Collins, pp. 195-226. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C.

MacLean, M.

1986 Sacred Land, Sacred Water: Inca Landscape Planning in the Cuzco Area. PhD dissertation, Dept. of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley. Ann Arbor, University Microfilms.

Makowski, K., C. Donnan, I. Amaro, L. Castillo, M. Diez Canseco, O. Elespuru, and M. Murro (editors)

1994 Vicús. Banco de Crédito del Perú, Lima.

Maldonado, E.

1992 Arqueología de Cerro Sechín, Vol. 1: Arquitectura. Pontifica Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima.

Malpass, M. (editor)

1993 Provincial Inca: Archaeological and Ethnohistorical Assessment of the Impact of the Inca State. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press.

Manzanilla, L.

1992 Akapana: Una Pirámide en el Centro del Mundo. Mexico City: Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas.

Manzanilla, L., L. Barba, and R. Baudoin

1990 Investigaciones en la pirámide de Akapana, Tiwanaku, Bolivia. Gaceta Arqueológica Andina 20:81-108. Lima.

Manzanilla, L., and E. Woodard

1990 Restos Humanos asociados a la Pirámide de Akapana (Tiwanaku, Bolivia). Latin American Antiquity, 1: 2: 133-149.

Marcus, J.

1987a Prehistoric Fishermen in the Kingdom of Huarco. American Scientist, 75: 393-401.

1987b Late Intermediate Occupation at Cerro Azul, Peru. University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology, Technical Report No. 20. Ann Arbor.

Marcus, J., et al.

1985 Arquitectura Inca de Cerro Azul, Valle de Cañete. Revista del Museo Nacional, 47: 125-38. Lima.

Massey, S.

1986 Socio-Political Change in the Upper Ica Valley, 400 B.C. - 400 A.D.: Regional States on the South Coast of Peru. PhD dissertation, Dept. of Anthropology, UCLA. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms.

1991 Social and Political Leadership in the Lower Ica Valley [Peru]. In Paracas Art and Architecture, ed. by A. Paul, pp. 315-245. University of Iowa Press, Iowa City.

1992 Investigaciones arqueológicos en el valle alto de Ica: Periodo Intermedio Temprano 1 y 2. In Estudios de Arqueología Peruana, edited by D. Bonavia, pp. 215-235. FOMCIENCIAS, Lima.

Mathews, J.

1989 Dual Systems of Inka Agricultural Production: Evidence from the Osmore Drainage, S. Peru. In D. Rice, C. Stanish, and P. Scarr, eds., Ecology, Settlement, and History in the Osmore Drainage, Peru. Pt. ii, pp. 415-434. British Archaeological Reports, International Series No. 545. Oxford, U.K.

1992 Prehistoric Settlement and Agriculture in the Middle Tiwanaku Valley, Bolivia. PhD dissertation, Dept. of Anthropology, Univ. of Chicago.

1995 A Re-Evaluation of the Formative Period in the Southeast Titicaca Basin, Bolivia. Journal of the Steward Anthropological Society 23:1,2:83-110.

Matos, R.

1966 El Periodo Cerámico Inicial en la Costa Central del Perú. Actas y Memorias del 36 Congreso Internacional de Americanistas, 1: 509-518. Sevilla.

1967 Wari-Willka. Americas, 1: -17.

1968 A Formative-Period Painted Pottery Complex at Ancón, Peru. American Antiquity, 33: 2: 226-32.

1971 El Periodo Formativo en el Valle del Mantaro. Actas y Memorias del 38 Congreso Internacionalde Americanistas, 3: 93-108. Lima.

1972a Ataura: Un Centro Chavin en el Valle del Mantaro. Revista del Museo Nacional, 38: 93-103. Lima.

1972b Wakan y Wamalli: Estudio Arqueológico de las Aldeas Rurales. In J. Murra, ed., Visita de la Provincia de Leon de Huanuco en 1562, Vol. 2, pp. 367-82. Huanuco, Peru.

1975 Prehistória y Ecología Humana en las Punas de Junin. Revista del Museo Nacional, 41: 37-74. Lima.

1978a The Cultural and Ecological Context of the Mantaro Valley during the Formative Period. In D. Browman, ed., Advances in Andean Archaeology, pp. 307-25. The Hague.

1978b Primeras Sociedades Sedentarias del Mantaro. In R. Matos, ed., III Congreso Peruano del Hombre y la Cultura Andina, 1: 285-293.

1980 La Agricultura Prehispánica en las Punas de Junín. Allpanchis, 14: 91-108. Cuzco.

1987 El Ushnu del Pumpu. Cuicuilco 18:45-61. Escuela Nacional de Antropología e História, Mexico.

1992 El camino real inca y la carretera moderna en Chinchaycocha, Junín. In Estudios de Arqueología Peruana, edited by D. Bonavia, pp. 375-392. FOMCIENCIAS, Lima.

1994 Pumpu: Centro Administrativo Inka de la Puna de Junin. Lima: Editorial Horizonte.

Matos, R. (ed.)

1978 El Hombre y la Cultura Andina. 5 vols. Lima: III Congreso Peruano.

1979 Arqueología Peruana. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Seminario de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en el Perú en 1976. Lima.

1988 Sociedad Andina Pasado y Presente -- Contribuciones en Homenaje a la Memoria de Cesar Fonseca Martel. Lima: Fomciencias.

Matos, R., and J. R. Parsons

1979 Poblamiento Prehispánico en la Cuenca del Mantaro. In R. Matos, ed., Arqueología Peruana, pp. 151-57. Lima.

Matsumoto, R.

1993 Dos modos de proceso socio-cultural: El Horizonte Temprano y el Período Intermedio Temprano en el Valle de Cajamarca. In El Mundo Ceremonial Andino, edited by L. Millones and Y. Onuki, pp. 169-202. Senri Ethnological Studies No. 37, National Museum of Ethnology, Osaka, Japan.

Matsuza, T.

1978 The Formative Site of Las Haldas, Peru: Architecture, Chronology, and Economy. AmericanAntiquity, 43: 4: 652-72.

Mayer, E. F.

1994 Armas y Herramientas de Metal Prehispánicas en Bolivia. Materialien sur Allegemeinen und Vergleichenden Archaologie Band 53. Kommission fur Allgemeine und Vergleichende Archaologie des Deutschen Archaologischen Instituts. Verlag Phillipp von Zabern, Mainz.

McClelland, D.

1977 The Ulluchu: A Moche Symbolic Fruit. In Precolumbian Art History: Selected Readings, edited by A. Cordy-Collins and J. Stern, pp. 435-452. Peek Publications, Palo Alto, Calif.

1990 A Maritime Passage from Moche to Chimu. In The Northern Dynasties: Kingship and Statecraft in Chimor, edited by M. Moseley and A. Cordy-Collins, pp. 75-106. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C.

McCown, T.

1945 Preincaic Huamachuco: Survey and Excavations in the Region of Huamachuco and Cajamarca. Univ. of California Publications in Am. Archaeology and Ethnology, 39: 4: 223-400. Berkeley.

Mcewan, C.

1992 Axis and ushnu in Chavin Iconography. Journal of the Steward Anthropological Society 2:79-97.

Mcewan, C., and M. Van de Guchte

1992 Ancestral Time and Sacred Space in Inca State Ritual. In R. Townsend, ed., The Ancient Americas -- Art from Sacred Landscapes, pp. 359-371. Chicago: The Art Institute of Chicago.

McEwan, G.

1985 Excavaciones en Pikillaqta: Un Sitio Wari. Dialogo Andino, 4: 89-136. Depto. de História y Geografía, Univ. de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile.

1987 The Middle Horizon in the Valley of Cuzco, Peru: The Impact of the Wari Occupation of the Lucre Basin. British Archaeological Reports, International Series No. 372. Oxford, U.K.

1990 Some Formal Correspondences between the Imperial Architecture of the Wari and Chimu

Cultures and their Implications for the Origin of the Architecture of Chan Chan. Latin American Antiquity, 1: 97- 116.

1991 Investigations at the Pikillacta Site. In Huari Administrative Structure: Prehistoric Monumental Architecture and State Government, edited by W. Isbell and G. McEwan, pp. 93-120. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C.

1995 Archaeology of the Chokepukio Site: An Investigation of the Origin of the Inca Civilization in the Valley of Cuzco, Peru. A Report on the 1994 Field Season. Tawantinsuyu 1:11-17.

1996 Archaeological Investigations at Pikillaqta, a Wari Site in Peru. Journal of Field Archaeology 23:169-186.

1998 The Function of Niched Halls in Wari Architecture. Latin American Antiquity 9:68-86.

Mcewan, G., A. Gibaja, and M. Chatfield

1996 Archaeology of the Chokepukio Site: An Investigation of the Origin of the Inca Civilization in the Valley of Cuzco, Peru: A Report on the 1994 Field Season. Tawantinsuyu 1:11-17. Canberra.

Mendoza, E., et al.

1985 Presencia Histórica de Lambayeque. Lima.

Menzel, D.

1959 The Inca Occupation of the South Coast of Peru. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology, 15: 2:125-142.

1964 Style and Time in the Middle Horizon. Ñawpa Pacha, 2: 1-105.

1971 Estudios arqueológicos en los valles de Ica, Pisco, Chincha, y Cañete. Arqueología y Sociedad, 6: 1: 1-158. Lima: Museo de Arqueología y Etnología, Univ. Nacional Mayor de San Marcos.

1976 Pottery Style and Society in Ancient Peru: Art as a Mirror of History in the Ica Valley, 1350-1570. Berkeley: Univ. of Calif. Press.

1977 The Archaeology of Ancient Peru and the Work of Max Uhle. Berkeley: R. H. Lowie Museum

Menzel, D., J. Rowe, and L. Dawson

1964 The Paracas Pottery of Ica: A Study in Style and Time. Berkeley: Univ. of Calif. Press.

Mester, A.

1990 The Pearl Divers of Los Frailes: Archaeological and Ethnohistorical Explorations of the Sumptuary Good Trade and the Cosmology in the North and Central Andes. PhD dissertation, University of Illinois. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor.

Métraux, A., and H. Lehmann

1937 Archéologie de la Province d'Oruro, Bolivie (Mounds of Belén). Journal de la Société des Americanistes 29:147-155. Paris.

1953 Arqueología del Departamento de Oruro (Bolivia). Khana 1:1,2:69-73. La Paz.

Michel, M.

1997 Campos elevados en el altiplano Peruano-Boliviano y las llanuras benianas. Humana 1:1:51-64. Empresa Consultora en Arqueología, La Paz.

Michel, M., and C. Lemuz

1992 Influencia Barrancoide en el Bajo Maniqui. Nuevos Aportes 1:1:51-65. La Paz.

Miller, G.

1984 Deer Hunters and Llama Herders: Animal Species Selection at Chavin. Appendix in R. Burger, The Prehistoric Occupation of Chavin de Huantar, pp. 282-87. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press.

Miller, G., and R. Burger

1995 Our Father the Cayman, our Dinner the Llama: Animal Utilization at Chavin de Huantar, Peru. American Antiquity 60:421-458.

Millones, L., and Y. Onuki (editors)

1993 El Mundo Ceremonial Andino. Senri Ethnological Studies No. 37, National Museum of Ethnology, Osaka, Japan.

Moore, J.

1985 Household Economics and Political Integration: The Lower Class of the Chimu Empire. PhD dissertation, University of California at Santa Barbara. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor.

1988 Prehispanic Raised Field Agriculture in the Casma Valley: Recent Data, New Hypotheses. Journal of Field Archaeology, 15: 265-276.

1989 Prehispanic Beer in Coastal Peru: Technology and Social Context of Prehistoric Production. American Anthropologist, 91: 682-695.

1991 Cultural Responses to Environmental Catastrophes: Post-El Niño Subsistence on the Prehistoric North Coast of Peru. Latin American Antiquity, 2: 1: 27-47.

1992 Pattern and Meaning in Prehistoric Peruvian Architecture: The Architecture of Social Control in the Chimu State. Latin American Antiquity, 3: 2: 95-113.

1995 The Archaeology of Dual Organization in Andean South America: A Theoretical Review and Case Study. Latin American Antiquity 6:1650181.

1996a Architecture and Power in the Ancient Andes: The Archaeology of Public Buildings. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

1996b The Archaeology of Plazas and the Proxemics of Ritual. American Anthropologist 98:789-802.

Mora, C., A. Galvez, J. Castañeda, and R. Becerra

1991 Consumo de Caracoles Terrestres en los Valles de Moche y Virú. Revista del Museo de Arqueología [get vol. & pages]. Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo, Peru.

Morales, D.

1977 Excavaciones en las Salinas de San Blas. Seminario de Arqueología, 1: 27-48. Lima: Univ. Nacional Mayor de San Marcos.

1992 Chambira: Alfareros tempranos de la amazonía peruana. In Estudios de Arqueología Peruana, edited by D. Bonavia, pp. 149-176. FOMCIENCIAS, Lima.

Morris, C.

1966 El Tampu Real de Tunsucancha. Cuadernos de Investigación en Antropología, 1: 95-197. Huanuco, Peru.

1967 Storage in Tawantinsuyu. PhD dissertation, Univ. of Chicago.

1971 The Identification of Function in Inca Architecture and Ceramics. Revista del Museo Nacional, 37: 135-46. Lima.

1972 El Almacenaje en dos Aldeas de los Chupaychu. In J. Murra, ed., Visita a la Provincia de Leon de Huanuco en 1562, Vol. 2, pp. 383-404. Huanuco, Peru.

1973 State Settlements in Tawantinsuyu: A Strategy of Compulsory Urbanism. In M. Leone, ed., Contemporary Archaeology, pp. 393-401.

1974 Reconstructing Patterns of Non-Agricultural Production in the Inca Economy. In C. Moore, ed., Reconstructing Complex Societies, Supplement to the Bulletin of American Schools of Oriental Research, 20: 49-68.

1975 Sampling in the Excavation of Urban Sites: the Case of Huanuco Pampa. In J. Mueller, ed., Sampling in Archaeology, pp. .

1978 The Archaeological Study of Andean Exchange Systems. In C. Redman, et al., eds., Social Archaeology, pp. 315-28. New York: Academic Press.

1981 Tecnología y Organización Inca del Almacenamiento de Viveres en la Sierra. In H. Lechtman and A. Soldi, eds., La Tecnología en el Mundo Andino, pp. 327-76. Mexico City.

1982 The Infrastructure of Inka Control in the Peruvian Central Highlands. In G. Collier, et al., The Inca and Aztec States, 1400-1800: Anthropology and History, pp. 153-171. New York: Academic Press.

1985 From Principles of Ecological Complementarity to the Organization and Administration of Tawantinsuyu. In S. Masuda, et al., eds., Andean Ecology and Civilization, pp. 477-90. Univ. of Tokyo Press.

1986 Storage, Supply, and Redistribution in the Economy of the Inka State. In J. Murra, et al., eds., Anthropological History of Andean Politics, pp. 59-68. Cambridge University Press.

1988 A City fit for an Inka. Archaeology 41:43-49.

1991b Signs of Division, Symbols of Unity: Art in the Inka Empire. In J. Levenson, editor, Circa 1492: Art in the Age of Exploration, pp. 521-528. National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.

1991c Signs of Division, Symbols of Unity: Art in the Inka Empire. In Circa 1492: Art in the Age of Exploration, edited by J. Levenson, pp. 521-528. Yale University Press, New Haven.

1995 Symbols to Power: Styles and Media in the Inka State. In C. Carr and J. Neitzel, editors, Style, Society, and Person, pp. 419-433. Plenum Press, New York.

Morris, C., and D. Thompson

1970 Huanuco Viejo: An Inca Administrative Center. American Antiquity, 35: 3: 344-62.

1985 Huanuco Pampa: An Inca City and its Hinterland. London: Thames and Hudson.

Morris, C., and A. Von Hagen

1992 The Inka Empire and its Andean Origins. American Museum of Natural History, New York.

Moseley, M.

1974 Organizational Preadaptation to Irrigation. In T. Downing and M. Gibson, eds., Irrigation's Impact on Society, pp. 77-82. University of Arizona Anthropological Papers No. 25. Tuscon.

1975a Chan Chan: Andean Alternative to the Precolumbian City. Science, 187: 219-225.

1975b Prehistoric Principles of Labor Organization in the Moche Valley, Peru. American Antiquity, 40: 191-96.

1983 The Good Old Days were Better: Agrarian Collapse and Tectonics. American Anthropologist, 85: 4: 773-79.

1990 Structure and History in the Dynastic Lore of Chimor. In The Northern Dynasties: Kingship and Statecraft in Chimor, edited by M. Moseley and A. Cordy-Collins. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C.

1992a The Incas and their Ancestors. Thames and Hudson, London.

1992b Maritime Foundations and Multilinear Evolution: Retrospect and Prospect. Andean Past 3:5-42. Cornell University Latin American Studies Program, Ithaca.

Moseley, M., and C. Clement

1991 The Spring-Fed Irrigation System of Carrizal, Peru: A Case Study of the Hypothesis of Agrarian Collapse. Journal of Field Archaeology 18:425-443.

Moseley, M., and A. Cordy-Collins (eds.)

1990 The Northern Dynasties: Kingship and Statecraft in Chimor. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks.

Moseley, M., and E. Deeds

1982 The Land in Front of Chan Chan: Agrarian Expansion, Reform, and Collapse in the Moche Valley, Peru. In M. Moseley and K. Day, eds., Chan Chan: Andean Desert City, pp. 25-54. Albuquerque: Univ. of New Mexico Press.

Moseley, M., and R. Feldman

1984 Hydrological Dynamics and the Evolution of Field Form and Use: Resolving the Knapp-Smith Controversy. American Antiquity, 49: 403-408.

1988 Fishing, Farming and the Foundations of Andean Civilization. In G. Bailey and J. Parkington, eds., The Archaeology of Prehistoric Coastlines, pp. 125-134.

Moseley, M., R. Feldman, P. Goldstein, and L. Wantanabe

1991 Colonies and Conquest: Tiahuanaco and Huari in Moquegua. In W. Isbell and G. McEwan, eds., Huari Administrative Structure: Prehistoric Monumental Architecture and State Government, pp. 121-140. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks.

Moseley, M., and C. Mackey

1974 Twenty-Four Architectural Plans of Chan Chan, Peru. Peabody Museum Press, Harvard University.

Moseley, M., and K. Day (eds.)

1982 Chan Chan: Andean Desert City. Albuquerque: Univ. of New Mexico Press.

Moseley, M., and J. Richardson

1992 Doomed by Disaster: Evidence that Climatic Changes Caused the Destruction of the Moche Capital, Peru. Archaeology 45:44-45.

Moseley, M., D. Wagner, and J. Richardson

1992 Space Shuttle Imagery of Recent Catastrophic Climate Change along the Arid Andean Coast. In Paleoshorelines and Prehistory: An Investigation of Method, edited by L.L. Johnson, pp. 215-235. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fl.

Moseley, M., and L. Watanabe

1974 The Adobe Sculpture of Huaca de Los Reyes. Archaeology, 27: 3: .

Moseley, M., and G. Willey

1973 Aspero, Peru: A Re-Examination of the Site and its Implications. American Antiquity, 38: 4:452-68.

Mujica, E.

1978 Nueva hipotesis sobre el desarrollo temprano del altiplano del Titicaca y de sus Areas de Interacción. Arte y Arqueología, 5/6: 285-308. La Paz, Bolivia.

1985 Altiplano-Coast Relationships in the South-Central Andes: From Indirect to Direct Complementarity. In S. Masuda, et al., eds., Andean Ecology and Civilizations, pp. 103-40. Tokyo.

1987 Cusipata: una fase pre-Pukara en la cuenca norte del Titicaca. Gaceta Arqueologica Andina 13:22-28. Lima.

Mujica, E., J. Baraybar, and A. Bolanas

1992 Malanche 22, prácticas mortuorias complejas y modo de vida en una aldea de lomas tardía de la costa central del Perú. Gaceta Arqueológica Andina 4:21:81-108. Lima.

Mujica, E., et al.

1983 Proyecto de Estudio sobre la Complementaridad Económica Tiwanaku en los Valles Occidentales del Centro-Sur Andino. Chungara, 11: 85-109. Santiago.

Mulvaney, E.

1984 Motivos Fitomorfos de Alucinógenos en Chavín. Revista Chungará, 12: 57-80. Arica, Chile.

Narváez, A.

1989 Chan Chan: Chronology and Stratigraphic Contexts. Andean Past 2:131-174. Cornell University Latin American Studies Program, Ithaca.

1994 La Mina: una tumba Moche 1 en el Valle de Jequetepeque. In Moche: Propuestas y Perspectivas, edited by S. Uceda and E. Mujica, pp. 59-81. Institut Francais d'Etudes Andines, Lima.

Navarro, H.

1991 Nuevas evidencias arqueológicas en la Huaca tacaynamo: Un sitio Chimú en el Valle de Moche. Revista del Museo de Arqueología 2:49-65. Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo, Peru.

Neiro, M.

1967 Informe Preliminar de las Investigaciones Arqueológicas en el Depto. de Puno. Anales del Instituto de Estudios Socio-Economicos, 1: 107-164. Puno, Peru: Universidad Tecnológica del Altiplano.

Netherley, P.

1984 The Management of Late Andean Irrigation Systems on the North Coast of Peru. American Antiquity, 49: 2: 773-79.

Netherley, P., and T. Dillehay

1986 Duality in Public Architecture in the Upper Zaña Valley, North Peru. In D. Sandweiss and D. Kvietok, eds., Perspectives on Andean Prehistory and Protohistory, pp. 85-114. Cornell University Latin American Studies Program.

Newman, M.

1947 Indian Skeletal Material from the Central Coast of Peru. Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology, Vol. 27.

Nials, F., et al.

1979a El Niño: The Catastrophic Flooding of Coastal Peru, Pt. 1. Bulletin of the Field Museum of Natural History 50:7:4-14.

1979b El Niño: The Catastrophic Flooding of Coastal Peru, Pt. 2. Bulletin of the Field Museum of Natural History 50:8:4-10.

Niles, S.

1987a Callachaca: Style and Status in an Inca Community. University of Iowa Press.

1987b The Temples of Amantani. Archaeology 40:30-37.

1991 Inka Settlement Planning: Inca Civilization in Cuzco. Journal of Field Archaeology 18:507-511.

1992 Inca Architecture and the Sacred Landscape. In The Ancient Americas: Art from Sacred Landscapes, edited by R. Townsend, pp. 347-358. The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago.

Nolan, J.

1980 Prehispanic Irrigation and Polity in the Lambayeque Sphere, Peru. PhD dissertation. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms.

Nordenskiold, E.

1930 The Ancient Peruvian System of Weights. Man 30:213-221.

1953 Investigaciones Arqueológicas en la Región Fronteriza de Peru y Bolivia. Translated by C. Ponce and S. Ryden. Biblioteca Paceña-Alcaldía Municipal, La Paz.

Norr, L.

1995 Interpreting Dietary Maize from Bone Stable Isotopes in the American Tropics. In Archaeology

in the Lowland American Tropics: Current Analytical Methods and Applications, edited by P. Stahl, pp. 199-223. Cambridge University Press.

Oakland (Rodman), A.

1987 Tiwanaku Textile Style from the South Central Andes, Bolivia, and N. Chile. PhD dissertation, Dept. of Anthropology, Univ. of Texas at Austin. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms.

Ochatoma, J.

1992 Acerca del formativo en Ayacucho. In Estudios de Arqueología Peruana, edited by D. Bonavia, pp. 193-213. FOMCIENCIAS, Lima.

Onuki, Y.

1982 Una Perspectiva Prehistórica de la Utilización Ambiental en la Sierra Nor-Centro de los Andes Centrales. In L. Millones and H. Tomoeda, eds., El Hombre y su Ambiente en los Andes Centrales, pp. 211-228. Senri Ethnological Studies No. 10, National Museum of Ethnology, Osaka, Japan.

1990 Recientes resultados de las excavaciones en Kuntur Wasi, Cajamarca. Gaceta Arqueológica Andina 20:59-68. Lima.

1993 Las actividades ceremoniales tempranas en la cuenca del Alto Huallaga y algunos problemas generales. In El Mundo Ceremonial Andino, edited by L. Millones and Y. Onuki, pp. 69-96. Senri Ethnological Studies No. 37, National Museum of Ethnology, Osaka, Japan.

Ortloff, C.

1988 Canal Builders of Pre-Inca Peru. Scientific American, 259: 6: 100-107.

1993 Chimu Hydraulic Technology and Statecraft on the North Coast of Peru, A.D. 1000-1470. In Economic Aspects of Water Management in the Prehispanic New World, edited by V. Scarborough and B. Issac, pp. 327-367. Research in Economic Anthropology, Supplement 7, JAI Press, Greenwich, CT.

Ortloff, C., et al.

1982 Hydraulic Engineering Aspects of the Chimu Chicama-Moche Intervalley Canal. American Antiquity, 47: 3: 572-95.

1983 The Chicama-Moche Intervalley Canal: Social Explanations and Physical Paradigms. American Antiquity, 49: 375-89.

1985 Hydraulic Engineering and Historical Aspects of the Pre-Columbian Intravalley Canal System of the Moche Valley, Peru. Journal of Field Archaeology, 12: 77-98.

Ortloff, C., and A. Kolata

1990 Hydraulic Analysis of Tiwanaku Aqueduct Structures at Lukurmata and Pajchiri, Bolivia. Journal of Archaeological Science 16:513-535.

1993 Climate and Collapse: Agro-Ecological Perspectives on the Decline of the Tiwanaku State. Journal of Archaeological Science, 20: 2: 195-222.

Osborn, A.

1977 Strandloopers, Mermaids, and other Fairy Tales: Ecological Determinants of Marine Resource Utilization -- The Peruvian Case. In L. Binford, ed., For Theory Building in Archaeology, pp. 157-205. New York: Academic Press.

Owen, B.

1993 A Model of Ethnicity: State Collapse, Competition, and Social Complexity from Tiwanaku to Chiribaya in the Osmore Valley, Peru. PhD dissertation, UCLA. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor.

Parker, D., H. Silverman, and G. Badger

1992 Broken Images: The Figured Landscape of Nazca. Cornerhouse Publications, Manchester.

Parsons, J. J.

1969 Ancient Ridged Fields in the Rio Guayas Valley, Ecuador. American Antiquity, 34: 1: 76-80.

Parsons, J.J., and W. Denevan

1967 Pre-Columbian Ridged Fields. Scientific American, 217: 92-100.

Parsons, J. R.

1968 An Estimate of Size and Population for Middle Horizon Tiahuanaco, Bolivia. American Antiquity, 33: 243-45.

Parsons, J.R., C. Hastings, and R. Matos

n.d. Prehispanic Settlement Patterns in the Upper Mantaro and Tarma Drainages, Depto. de Junin, Peru. Volume 1: The Tarama and Chinchaycocha Regions. Unpublished manuscript. University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology.

1997 Rebuilding the State in Highland Peru: Herder-Cultivator Interaction during the Late Intermediate Period in the Tarama-Chinchaycocha Region. Latin American Antiquity,

Parsons, J. R., and R. Matos

1978 Asentamientos Prehispánicos en el Mantaro, Perú: Informe Preliminar. In R. Matos, ed., III Congreso Peruano: El Hombre y la Cultura Andina, pp. 540-555. Lima: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos.

Parsons, J. R., and N. Psuty

1975 Sunken Fields and Prehispanic Subsistence on the Peruvian Coast. American Antiquity, 40:259-82.

Parssinen, M.

1992 Tawantinsuyu: The Inca State and its Political Organization. Societas Historica Finlandiae, Helsinki.

Pärssinen, M., and A. Siriäinen

1997 Inka-Style Ceramics and their Chronological Relationship to the Inka Expansion in the Southern Lake Titicaca Area (Bolivia). Latin American Antiquity 8:255-272.

Patterson, T.

1971a Chavin: An Interpretation of its Spread and Influence. In E. Benson, ed., Dumbarton Oaks Conference on Chavin, pp. 29-48. Washington, D.C.

1971b Central Peru: Its Population and Economy. Archaeology, 24: 307-15.

1985 The Huaca La Florida, Rimac Valley, Peru. In C. Donnan, ed., Early Ceremonial Architecture in the Andes, pp. 59-70. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks.

1986 Class and State Formation: The Case Study of Pre-Incaic Peru. Dialectical Anthropology, 10:275-282.

1987 Tribes, Chiefdoms, and Kingdoms in the Inca Empire. In T. Patterson and G. Gailey (editors), Power Relations and State Formation, pp. 117-127. American Anthropological Assoc., Washington, D.C.

1991 The Inka Empire: The Formation and Disintegration of a Pre-Capitalist State. New York: Berg Publishers.

1995 Huaca de Los Reyes Revisited: Clarification of the Archaeological Evidence. Latin American Antiquity 6:335-339

Patterson, T., et al.

1982 Polities in the Lurin Valley during the Early Intermediate Period. Ñawpa Pacha, 20: 61-82.

Paul, A.

1990 Paracas Ritual Attire: Symbols of Authority in Ancient Peru. Norman: Univ. of Oklahoma Press.

1992 Paracas Necropolis Textiles: Symbolic Visions of Coastal Peru. In The Ancient Americas: Art from Sacred Landscapes, edited by R. Townsend, pp. 278-290. The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago.

Paul, A. (editor)

1991 Paracas: Art and Architecture, Object and Context in South Coastal Peru. Iowa City: Univ. of Iowa Press.

Paulsen, A.

1974 The Thorny Oyster and the Voice of God: Spondylus and Strombus in Andean Prehistory. American Antiquity, 39: 597-607.

1977 Patterns of Maritime Trade between South Coastal Ecuador and Western Mesoamerica, 1500 B.C. - 600 A.D. In E. Benson, ed., The Sea in the Precolumbian World, pp. 141-160. Washington, D.C.

1983 Huaca del Loro Revisited: the Nasca-Huarpa Connection. In D. Sandweiss, ed., Investigations of the Andean Past, pp. 98-121. Cornell University Latin American Studies Program.

Pearsall, D.

1978a Paleoethnobotany in Western South America: Progress and Problems. In R. Ford, ed., The Nature and Status of Ethnobotany, pp. 389-418. Ann Arbor.

1978b Phytolith Analysis of Archaeological Soils: Evidence for Maize Cultivation in Formative Ecuador. Science, 199: 177-78.

Peters, A.

1991 Ecology and Society in Embroidered Images from the Paracas Necropolis. In Paracas Art and Architecture: Object and Context in South Coastal Peru, edited by A. Paul, pp. 240-314. University of Iowa Press, Iowa City.

Phipps, E.

1989 Cahuachi Textiles in the W.D. Strong Collection: Cultural Transition in the Nasca Valley, Peru. PhD dissertation, Columbia University. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor.

Pillsbury, J.

1993 Sculpted Adobe Friezes of the Empire of Chimor. PhD dissertation, Columbia University. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor.

1996 The Thorny Oyster and the Origins of Empire: Implications of Recently Uncovered Spondylus Imagery from Chan Chan, Peru. Latin American Antiquity 7:313-340.

Ponce, C.

1964 Descripción Sumaria del Templete Semisubterráneo de Tiwanaku. La Paz.

1969a Tunupa y Ekako. La Paz: Academia Nacional de Ciencias de Bolivia.

1969b La Ciudad de Tiwanaku. Arte y Arqueología, 1: 5-32. La Paz.

1969c Descripción Sumaria del Templete Semisubterráneo de Tiwanaku. La Paz: Academia Nacional de Ciencias de Bolivia, Pub. No. 20.

1972 Tiwanaku: Espacio, Tiempo, y Cultura. La Paz: Academia Nacional de Ciencias de Bolivia, Pub. No. 30. (4th edition pub. in 1981).

1980 Panorama de la Arqueología Boliviana. La Paz.

1981 Tiwanaku: Espacio, Tiempo, y Cultura: Ensayo de Sintesis Arqueológica. La Paz.

1989 Arqueología de Lukurmata 1: Ensayo de Historia del Avance Cientifico (1985-1988). La Paz: Sui Generis.

1990 El urbanismo de Tiwanaku. Pumapunku 1:1:7-27. La Paz.

1991 El Lago de Titicaca en el marco de la investigación. Pumapunku 2:1:67-118. La Paz.

1994a Análisis espectrográfico y patrón de impurezas en el cobre de las grapas tiwanacotas. Pumapunku 3:9-64. La Paz.

1994b Noticia adicional sobre el pectoral antemencionado de Las Piedras (Riberalta). Pumapunku 3:89-100. La Paz.

Ponce, C., et al.

1971 Procedencia de las Areniscas en el Templo Precolombino de Pumapunku (Tiwanaku). La Paz: Academia Nacional de Ciencias de Bolivia, Pub. No. 22.

1992 Arqueología Subacuática en el Lago Titicaca. Editorial La Palabra Publicaciones, La Paz.

Portugal, M.

1988 Aspectos generales sobre Tiwanaku del area circunante al Lago Titicaca (Sector Bolivia). Arqueología Boliviana, 3: 15-26.

1992 Trabajos arqueológicos de Tiwanaku. Textos Antropológicos 4:9-50. Carrera de Antropología-Arqueología, Universidad Mayor de San Andres, La Paz.

Portugal, M., et al.

1993 Excavaciones en titimani (Temporada II). Textos Antropológicos 5:11-192. Carrera de Antropología-Arqueología, Universidad Mayor de San Andres, La Paz.

Posnansky, A.

1945 Tiwanacu: La Cuna del Hombre Americano. Vols. 1 and 2. New York: J. Agustin Pub.

1958 Tihuanacu: La Cuna del Hombre Americano. Vols. 3 and 4. La Paz: Ministerio de Educación.

Pozorski, S.

1979a Prehistoric Diet and Subsistence of the Moche Valley, Peru. World Archaeology, 11: 2: 163-84.

1979b Late Prehistoric Llama Remains from the Moche Valley, Peru. Annals of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, 48: 139-70.

1982 Subsistence Systems in the Chimu State. In M. Moseley and K. Day, eds., Chan Chan: Andean Desert City, pp. 177-96. Albuquerque: Univ. of New Mexico Press.

Pozorski, S., and T. Pozorski

1979a Alto Salaverry: A Peruvian Coastal Preceramic Site. Annals of the Carnegie Museum, 48:337-75.

1979b An Early Subsistence Exchange System in the Moche Valley. Journal of Field Archaeology, 6:413-32.

1982 Reassessing the Chicama-Moche Intervalley Canal: Comments on "Hydraulic Engineering Aspects of the Chimu Chicama-Moche Intervalley Canal". American Antiquity, 47: 851-68.

1986 Recent Excavations at Pampa de Las Llamas-Moxeke, A Complex Initial Period Site in Peru. Journal of Field Archaeology 13:381-401.

1987 Early Settlement and Subsistence in the Casma Valley, Peru. Iowa City: Univ. of Iowa Press.

1988 An Early Stone Carving from Pampa de Las Llamas-Moxeke, Casma Valley, Peru. Journal of Field Archaeology 15:114-118.

1990 Reexamining the Critical Preceramic/Ceramic Period Transition: The Data from Coastal Peru. American Anthropologist 92:481-491.

1991 Storage, Access Control, and Bureaucratic Proliferation: Understanding the Initial Period (1800-900 B.C.) Economy at Pampa de las Llamas-Moxeke, Casma Valley, Peru. Research in Economic Anthropology, 13: 341-371. JAI Press.

1992 Early Civilization in the Casma Valley, Peru. Antiquity 66:845-870.

Pozorski, T.

1975 El Complejo Caballo Muerto y los Frisos de Barro de la Huaca de Los Reyes. Revista del Museo Nacional, 41: 211-252. Lima.

1976 Caballo Muerto: A Complex of Early Ceramic Sites in the Moche Valley, Peru. PhD dissertation, University of Texas, Austin. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor.

1979 The Las Avispas Burial Platform at Chan Chan, Peru. Annals of Carnegie Museum, 48: 119-37.

1980 The Early Horizon Site of Huaca de Los Reyes: Societal Implications. American Antiquity, 45:100-109.

1982a Early Societal Stratification and Subsistence Systems: the Caballo Muerto Complex. In M. Moseley and K. Day, eds., Chan Chan: Andean Desert City, pp. 225-54. Albuquerque: Univ. of New Mexico Press.

1982b The Caballo Muerto Complex: An Investigation of Cupisnique Culture. National Geographic Society Research Reports 14:523-532.

1995 Huaca de los Reyes Revisited: Clarification of the Archaeological Evidence. Latin American Antiquity 6:4:335-339.

Pozorski, T., and S. Pozorski

1992 Early Stone Bowls and Mortars from Northern Peru. Andean Past 3:165-186. Cornell University Latin American Studies Program, Ithaca.

1993 Early Complex Society and Ceremonialism on the Peruvian North Coast. In El Mundo

Ceremonial Andino, edited by L. Millones and Y. Onuki, pp. 45-68. Senri Ethnological Studies No. 37, National Museum of Ethnology, Osaka, Japan.

1995 An I-Shaped Ball-Court Form at Pampa de Las Llamas-Moxeke, Peru. Latin American Antiquity 6:3:274-280.

1996 Ventilated Hearth Structures in the Casma Valley, Peru. Latin American Antiquity 7:341-354.

Pozorski, T., S. Pozorski, and J. Rick

1992 A Bird Geoglyph near Casma, Peru. Andean Past 3:187-192. Cornell University Latin American Studies Program, Ithaca.

Pozorski, T., et al.

1983 Pre-Hispanic Ridged Fields of the Casma Valley. The Geographical Review, 73: 407-416.

Protzen, J.P.

1985 Inca Quarrying and Stonecutting. Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, 44: 161-182.

1986 Inca Stonecutting. Scientific American, 254: 94-101.

1993 Inca Architecture and Construction at Ollantaytambo. New York, Oxford University Press.

Proulx, D.

1968 An Archaeological Survey of the Nepeña Valley, Peru. Research Report No. 2, Dept. of Anthropology, Univ. of Mass., Amherst.

1973 Archaeological Investigations in the Nepeña Valley, Peru. Research Report No. 13, Dept. of Anthropology, Univ. of Mass., Amherst.

1982 Territoriality in the Early Intermediate Period: The Case of Moche and Recuay. Ñawpa Pacha, 20:83-96.

1985 An Analysis of the Early Cultural Sequence in the Nepeña Valley, Peru. Research Report No. 25, Dept. of Anthropology, Univ. of Mass., Amherst.

Quilter, J.

1990 The Moche Revolt of the Objects. Latin American Antiquity 1:42-65.

1992 To Fish in the Afternoon: Beyond Subsistence Economies in the Study of Early Andean Civilization. Andean Past 3:111-125. Cornell University Latin American Studies Program, Ithaca.

1997 The Narrative Approach to Moche Iconography. Latin American Antiquity 8:113-133.

Ravines, R.

1977 Excavaciones en Ayapata, Huancavelica, Perú. Ñawpa Pacha, 15: 49-100.

1981 Yacimientos Arqueológicos de la Región Nor- Oriental del Perú. Amazonia Peruana, 7: 139-75. Lima.

1982 Panorama de la Arqueología Andina. Lima: Instituto de Estudios Peruanos.

1985 Early Monumental Architecture of the Jequetepeque Valley, Peru. In C. Donnan, ed., Early Ceremonial Architecture in the Andes, pp. 209-26. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks.

Ravines, R. (ed.)

1978 Tecnología Andina. Lima: Instituto de Estudios Peruanos.

1980 Chan Chan: Metropoli Chimu. Lima: Instituto de Estudios Peruanos.

Ravines, R., H. Engelstad, V. Palomino, and D. Sandweiss

1984 Materiales Arqueológicos de Garagay. Revista del Museo Nacional, 46: 135-233. Lima.

Ravines, R., and W. Isbell

1975 Garagay: Sítio Temprano en el Valle de Lima. Revista del Museo Nacional, 41: 253-76.

Ravines, R., and F. Solar La Cruz

1980 Hidráulica Agrícola Prehispánica. Allpanchis, 14: 15: 69-82. Cusco.

Raymond, J.

1981 The Maritime Foundations of Andean Civilization: A Reconsideration of the Evidence. American Antiquity, 46: 806-21.

1985 Quechuas y Chunchos: Ethnic Foundations in Eastern Peru. In M. Thompson, et al., eds., Status, Structure, and Stratigication: Current Archaeological Reconstructions, pp. 39-50. Archaeological Association of Calgary.

1992 Highland Colonization of the Peruvian Montaña in Relation to the Political Economy of the Huari Empire. Journal of the Steward Anthropological Society, 20: 17-39.

Read, D., and G. Russell

1996 A Method for Taxonomic Typology Construction: Utilized Flakes from Prehistoric Peru. American Antiquity 61:663-684.

Regal, A.

1970 Los Trabajos Hidraulicos del Inka. Lima.

Rehder, J.

1994 Blowpipes vs. Bellows in Ancient Metallurgy. Journal of Field Archaeology 21:345-350.

Reiche, M.

1949 Mystery on the Desert: A Study of the Ancient Figures Near Nasca, Peru. Lima.

1969 Giant Ground Drawings on the Peruvian Desert. Verhandlungen, 38th International Congress of Americanists, 1: 379-384.

Reichlen, H., and P. Reichlen

1949 Recherches Archeologiques dans les Andes de Cajamarca. Premier Rapport de la Mision Ethnologique Francaise au Perou Septentrional. Journal de la Societe des Americanistes, 38:137-174. Paris.

1950 Recherches Archeologiques dans les Andes du Haut Utcubamba. Journal de la Societe des Americanistes, 39: 219-246. Paris.

Reindel, M.

1990 Arquitectura monumental del Intermedio temprano en el Perú. Revista del Museo de Arqueología 1:119-143. Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo, Peru.

Reinhard, J.

1985a Chavin and Tiahuanaco: A New Look at Two Andean Ceremonial Centers. National Geographic Research, 1: 3: 395-422.

1985b Sacred Mountains: An Ethno-Archaeological Study of High Andean Ruins. Mountain Research and Development, 5: 4: 299-317.

1988 The Nasca Lines: A New Perspective on their Origin and Meaning. Lima: Los Pinos.

1991a Machu Picchu: The Sacred Center. Lima: Nuevas Imagenes, S.A.

1991b Tiwanaku: Ensayo sobre su Cosmovisión. Pumapunku 1:2:8-66. La Paz.

1992a An Archaeological Investigation of Inca Ceremonial Platforms on the Volcano Copiapo, Central Chile. In N. Saunders (ed.), Pre-Columbian Art and Archaeology, pp. . Oxford: Oxbow Books.

1992b Sacred Peaks of the Andes. National Geographic Magazine 181:84-111.

1992c Underwater Archaeological Research in Lake Titicaca, Bolivia. In Ancient America: Contributions to New World Archaeology, edited by N. Saunders, pp. 117-143. Oxbow Books, Oxford, U.K.

1995 House of the Sun: The Inka Temple of Vilcanota. Latin American Antiquity 6:4:340-349.

Reiss, W., and A. Stubel

1987 The Necropolis of Ancon in Peru. Translated by A. Keane. 3 vols. Berlin. Reprint of 1890 original in German.

Rice, D. (editor)

1993 Latin American Horizons. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C.

Rice, D., C. Stanish, and P. Scarr (eds.)

1989 Ecology, Settlement, and History in the Osmore Valley. BAR Int. Ser. No. 545. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports.

Rice, P.

1994a Producción y tecnología de la cerámica andina antigua: Punto de vista desde afuera de los Andes. In Tecnología y Organización de la Producción de Cerámica en los Andes, edited by I. Shimada, pp. 505-513. Pontifica Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima.

1994b The Kilns of Moquegua, Peru: Technology, Excavations, and Functions. Journal of Field Archaeology 21:325-344.

Richardson, J., M. McConaughy, A. Heaps de Peña, and E. Decima

1990 The Northern Frontier of the Kingdom of Chimor: The Piura, Chira, and Tumbez Valleys. In The Northern Dynasties: Kingship and Statecraft in Chimor, edited by M. Moseley and A. Cordy-Collins, pp. 419-445. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D. C.

Riester, J.

1981 Arqueología y Arte Rupestre en el Oriente Boliviano. La Paz: Editorial Los Amigos del Libro.

Rosas, H.

1976 Investigaciones Arqueológicas en la Cuenca del Chotano. Actas del 41 Congreso Internacional de Americanistas, 3: 564-78.

1992 Restos arqueológicos en Pachma bajo (Ancash). In Prehistória Sudamericana: Nuevas Perspectivas, edited by B. Meggers, pp. 333-341. Taraxacum, Washington, D.C.

Rosas, H., and R. Shady

1970 Pacopampa -- Un Centro Formativo en la Sierra Nor-Peruano. Lima: Univ. Nacional Mayor de San Marcos.

1974 Sobre el Periodo Formativo en la Sierra del Extremo Norte del Perú. Arqueologicas, 15: 6-36. Lima.

Rossel, P.

1977 Arqueología Sur del Perú: Valles de Ica y la Hoya del Rio Grande de Nazca. Lima.

Rossello, L., et al.

1985 Rayas y Figuras en la Pampa Canto Grande. Boletin de Lima, 39: 7: 41-58.

Rowe, A.

1991 Nasca Figurines and Costume. Textile Museum Journal 29/30:93-128.

Rowe, A. (ed.)

1986 The Junius B. Bird Conference on Andean Textiles. Washington, D.C.: The Textile Museum.

Rowe, J.

1944 An Introduction to the Archaeology of Cuzco. Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology, Vol. 27, No. 2.

1962 Chavin Art: An Inquiry into its Form and Meaning. New York: The Museum of Primitive Art.

1963 Urban Settlements in Peru. Ñawpa Pacha, 1: 1-28.

1967 Form and Meaning in Chavin Art. In J. Rowe and D. Menzel, eds., Peruvian Archaeology, pp. 72-103. Palo Alto: Peek Publications.

1971 The Influence of Chavin Art on Late Styles. In E. Benson, ed., Dumbarton Oaks Conference on Chavin, pp. 101-24. Washington, D.C.

1979 An Account of the Shrines of Ancient Cuzco. Ñawpa Pacha, 17: 2-80.

Rowe, J., D. Collier, and G. Willey

1950 Reconaissance Notes on the Site of Huari, near Ayacucho, Peru. American Antiquity, 16: 2:120-37.

Ruiz, A.

1978 Exploraciones arqueológicas en Cabanillas, Puno. In El Hombre y la cultura Andina, edited by R. Matos, pp. 791-806. III Congreso Peruano del Hombre y la Cultura Andina, Lima.

Russell, G.

1988 The Impact of Inka Polity on the Domestic Economy of the Wanka in the Central Highlands of Peru: Stone Tool Production and Use. PhD dissertation, UCLA. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms.

Russell, G., B. Leonard, and J. Briceño

1994a Cerro Mayal: nuevos datos sobre producción de cerámica Moche en el valle de Chicama. In Moche: Propuestas y Perspectivas, edited by S. Uceda and E. Mujica, pp. 181-206. Institut Francais d'Etudes Andines, Lima.

1994b Producción de cerámica a gran escala en el valle de Chicama, Perú: el taller de Cerro Mayal. In Tecnología y Organización de la Producción de Cerámica en los Andes, edited by I. Shimada, pp. 201-227. Pontifica Universidad Católica del Perú, Fondo Editorial, Lima.

Rutledge, J., and R. Gordon

1987 The Work of Metallurgical Artificers at Macchu Picchu, Peru. American Antiquity, 52: 3: 578-94.

Ryden, S.

1947 Archaeological Researches in the Highlands of Bolivia. Goteborg, Sweden: Elanders Boktryckeri.

1956 The Erland Nordenskiold Archaeological Collections from the Mizque Valley, Bolivia. Goteborg, Sweden: Etnologiska Studier 22.

1957 Andean Excavations I: The Tiahuanaco Era East of Lake Titicaca. Stockholm.

1959 Andean Excavations II: Tupuraya and Cayluri, Two Tiahuanaco Sites. Stockholm.

Salazar, L., and R. Burger

1982 La Araña en la Iconografía del Horizonte Temprano en la Costa Norte del Perú. Beitrage zur Allgemeinen und Vergleichenden Archaologie, Band 4, pp. 213-253. Bonn.

Saltzman, M.

1992 Identifying Dyes in Textiles. American Scientist 80:474-481.

Samaniego, L, et al.

1985 New Evidence on Cerro Sechin, Casma Valley, Peru. In C. Donnan, ed., Early Ceremonial Architecture in the Andes, pp. 165-90. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks.

Sandefur, E.C.

1988 Andean Zooarchaeology: Animal Use and the Inka Conquest of the Upper Mantaro Valley. PhD dissertation, UCLA. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms.

Sanders, W.

1973 The Significance of Pikillaqta in Andean Culture History. The Pennsylvania State University Dept. of Anthropology, Occasional Papers in Anthropology, No. 8.

Sandweiss, D.

1991 El Niño en la Prehistória Andina. Actas del XI Congreso Nacional de Arqueología Chilena 1:99-104. Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Santiago.

1992 The Archaeology of Chincha Fishermen: Specialization and Status in Inka Peru. Bull. No. 29, Carnegie Museum of Natural History. Pittsburgh.

Sandweiss, D., and M. Rodriguez

1991 Molluscos marinos en la prehistória peruana: breve ensayo. Boletin de Lima 75:55-63. Lima.

Sandweiss, D., and E. Wing

1997 Ritual Rodents: The Guinea Pigs of Chincha, Peru. Journal of Field Archaeology 24:47-58.

Santillana, J.

1984 La Centinela: Un Asentamiento Inka-Chincha: Rasgos Arquitectónicos Estatales y Locales. Arqueología y Sociedad, No. 10. Lima: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos.

Schadel, R.

1988 Andean World View: Hierarchy or Reciprocity, Regulation or Control? Current Anthropology, 29: 5: 768-775.

1991 The Birth of Cities in the Andes. Beiträge zur Allgemeinen und Vergleichenden Archäologie, Band 11, pp. 199-224. Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz Am Rhein.

1993 Congruence of Horizon with Polity: Huari and the Middle Horizon. In Latin American Horizons, edited by D. Rice, pp. 225-261. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C.

Schaff, C., L. Thompson, and I. Shimada

1991 Cultural Impacts of Severe Droughts in the Prehistoric Andes: Applications of a 1500-Year Ice Core Precipitation Record. World Archaeology 22:247-270.

Schjellerup, Inga

1984 Cachabamba: An Incaic Installation in the Rebellious Province of Chachapoyas. In A. Kendall, ed., Current Archaeological Projects in the Central Andes, pp. 161-187. B.A.R. International Series No. 210. Oxford.

1986 Observations on Ridged Fields and Terracing Systems in the Northern Highlands of Peru. Tools and Tillage, 5: 2: 100-121.

1992a Patrones de Asentamiento en las Faldas Orientales de los Andes de la Region de Chachapoyas. In D. Bonavia, editor, Estudios de Arqueología Peruana, pp. 355-374. Lima.

1992b La agricultura prehispánica en el territorio de la Provincia de Chachapoyas. Revista del Museo de Arqueología 3:142-157. Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo, Peru.

1997 Incas and Spaniards in the Conquest of the Chachapoyas: Archaeological and Ethnohistorical Rearch in the Northeastern Andes of Peru. Series B, Gothenburg Archaeological Thesis No. 7, Department of Archaeology, Gothenburg University. The National Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen.

Schreiber, K.

1984 Prehistoric Roads in the Carahuarzao Valley. In A. Kendall, et al., eds. Current Archaeological Projects in the Central Andes, pp. 75-94. B.A.R. International Series No. 210. Oxford.

1987 Conquest and Consolidation: A Comparison of the Wari and Inka Occupations of a Highland Peruvian Valley. American Antiquity, 52: 2: 266-84.

1989 On Revisiting Huaca del Loro: A Cautionary Note. Andean Past 2:69-80. Cornell University Latin American Studies Program, Ithaca.

1991 Jincamocco: A Huari Administrative Center in the South-Central Highlands of Peru. In W. Isbell and G. McEwan, eds., Huari Administrative Structure: Prehistoric Monumental Architecture and State Government, pp. 199-213. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks.

1992 Wari Imperialism in Middle Horizon, Peru. University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology, Anthropological Papers No. 87. Ann Arbor.

Schreiber, K., and J. Lancho R.

1995 The Puquios of Nasca. Latin American Antiquity 6:229-254.

Schuster, A.

1992 Inside the Royal Tombs of the Moche. Archaeology 45:30-37.

1995 Colorful Cotton - Cultivation and Weaving of Algodon Nativo by Peruvian Indians. Archaeology 48:40-45.

1996 Frozen Inca Mummy Discovered in Peru by J. Reinhard. Archaeology 49:28.

Sciscento, M.

1990 Imperialism in the High Andes: Inka and Wari Involvement in the Chuquibamba Valley, Peru. PhD dissertation, University of California at Santa Barbara. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor.

Seddon, M.

1994 Excavation of the Raised Fields of the Rio Catari Sub-Basin, Bolivia. MA Thesis, Dept. of Anthropology, University of Chicago.

Seki, Y.

1993 La transformación de los centros ceremoniales del período formativo en la cuenca de Cajamarca, Perú. In El Mundo Ceremonial Andino, edited by L. Millones and Y. Onuki, pp. 143-168. Senri Ethnological Studies No. 37, National Museum of Ethnology, Osaka, Japan.

Seltzer, G., and C. Hastorf

1990 Climatic Change and its Effect on Prehispanic Agriculture in the Central Peruvian Andes. Journal of Field Archaeology, 17: 397-414.

Shady, R.

1976 Investigaciones Arqueológicas en la Cuenca del Utcubamba. Actas del 41 Congreso Internacional de Americanistas, 3: 579-89. Mexico City.

1982 La Cultura Nieveria y la Interacción Social en el Mundo Andino en la Epoca Huari. Arqueológicas, 19: 5-108. Lima.

1988 La Epoca Huari como Interacción de las Sociedades Regionales. Revista Andina, 6: 1: 67-133. Cuzco.

1992 Sociedades Formativas del Nororiente Peruano. In B. Meggers (editor), Prehistoria Sudamericana, pp. 343-358. Taraxacum, Washington, D.C.

1993 Del Arcaico al Formativo en los Andes Centrales. Revista Andina 21:103-132. Cuzco.

Shady, R., and H. Rosas

1976 Enterramientos en Chullpas de Chota, Cajamarca. Serie Investigación de Campo, No. 1, Museo Nacional de Antropología y Arqueología. Lima.

1977 El Horizonte Medio en Chota: Prestigio de la Cultura Cajamarca y su Relación con el "Imperio Wari." Arqueológicas, Vol. 16. Lima.

1979 El Complejo Bahua y el Sistema de Establecimientos durante el Formativo en la Sierra Norte del Perú. Ñawpa Pacha, 17: 109-42.

Shady, R., and A. Ruiz

1979 Evidence for Interregional Relationships during the Middle Horizon on the North Central Coast of Peru. American Antiquity, 44: 676-84.

Sherbondy, J.

1982 The Canals of Hanan Cuzco. PhD dissertation, University of Illinois.

Shimada, I.

1978 Economy of a Prehistoric Urban Context: Commodity and Labor Flow at Moche V Pampa Grande, Peru. American Antiquity, 43: 4: 569-92.

1981a The Batan Grande-La Leche Archaeological Project: The First Two Seasons. Journal of Field Archaeology, 8: 4: 405-46.

1981b Temples of time: the Ancient Burial and Religious Center of Batan Grande, Peru. Archaeology, 34: 5: 37-45.

1982 Horizontal Archipelago and Coast-Highland Interaction in Northern Peru: Archaeological Models. El Hombre y su Ambiente en los Andes Centrales, pp. 137-205. Senri Ethnological Series No. 10, National Museum of Ethnology, Tokyo.

1983 The Metallurgical Process in Ancient North Peru. Archaeology, 36: 5: 38-45.

1985 La Cultura Sican: Caracterización Arqueológica. In E. Mendoza, ed., Presencia Histórica de Lambayeque, pp. 76-133. Lima.

1986 Batán Grande and Cosmological Unity in the Prehistoric Central Andes. In R. Matos, et al., eds. Andean Archaeology: Papers in Memory of Clifford Evans, pp. 163-88. UCLA, Institute of Archaeology.

1987 Aspectos Tecnológicos y Productivos de la Metalurgia Sican, Costa Norte del Perú. Gaceta Arqueológica, 13: 15-21. Lima.

1990 Cultural Continuities and Discontinuities on the Northern Coast of Peru, Middle-Late Horizon. In The Northern Dynasties: Kingship and Statecraft in Chimor, edited by M. Moseley and A. Cordy-Collins, pp. 297-392. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C.

1992 The Regional States of the Coast during the Late Intermediate Period: Archaeological Evidence, Ethnohistorical Record and Art Outline. In I Regni Preincaici e II Mondo Inca, edited by L. Laurencich-Minelli, pp. 97-110. JACA Books, Milan, Italy.

1994a Pampa Grande and the Mochica Culture. Austin: Univ. of Texas Press.

1994b Modelos de organización sociopolitica Moche. In Moche: Propuestas y Perspectivas, edited by S. Uceda and E. Mujica, pp. 359-387. Institut Francais d'Etudes Andines, Lima.

Shimada, I. (editor)

1994 Tecnología y Organización de la Producción de Cerámica en los Andes. Pontifica Universidad Católica del Perú, Fondo Editorial, Lima.

Shimada, I., and R. Cavallaro

1985 Monumental Adobe Architecture of the Late Prehispanic North Coast of Peru. Journal de la Société des Americanistes, 71: 41-78. Paris.

Shimada, I., C. Elera, and V. Chang

1990 Excavaciones en hornos de cerámica de la época formativa en Batan Grande, costa norte del Perú. Gaceta Arqueológica Andina 5:20:19-43. Lima.

Shimada, I., and J. Griffin

1994 Precious Metal Objects of the Middle Sican. Scientific American, April 1994, pp. 82-89.

Shimada, I., and A. Maguiña

1993 Una nueva visión sobre la cultura Gallinazo y su relación con la cultura Moche. In Moche: Propuestas yPerspectivas, edited by S. Uceda and E. Mujica, pp. 31-58. Institut Francais d'Etudes Andines, Lima.

Shimada, I., and J. Merkel

1991 Copper-Alloy Metallurgy in Ancient Peru. Scientific American, 265: 1: 80-86.

1993 A Sicán Tomb in Peru. Minerva 4:1:18-25.

Shimada, I., and M. Shimada

1985 Prehistoric Llama Breeding and Herding on the North Coast of Peru. American Antiquity, 50:1: 3-26.

Shimada, I., et al.

1982 Batan Grande: A Prehistoric Metallurgical Center in Peru. Science, 216: 952-59.

1983 Excavaciones Efectuadas en el Centro Ceremonial de Huaca Lucia-Chólope del Horizonte Temprano, Batan Grande, Costa Norte del Perú: 1979-1981. Arqueológicas, 19: 109-210. Lima.

1991 Cultural Impacts of Severe Droughts in the Prehistoric Andes: Application of a 1500-Year Ice Core Precipitation Record. World Archaeology, 22: 3: 247-270.

1994 Hornos y producción de cerámica durante el período formativo en Batan Grande, costa norte del Perú. In Tecnología y Organización de la Producción de Cerámica en los Andes, edited by I. Shimada, pp. 67-119. Pontifica Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima.

Shimada, M.

1982 Zooarchaeology of Huacaloma: Behavioral and Cultural Implications. In K. Terada and Y. Onuki (eds.), Excavations at Huacaloma in the Cajamarca Valley, Peru, 1979, pp. . Report 2 of the Japanese Scientific Expedition to Nuclear America. Tokyo.

Shippee, R.

1932 The Great Wall of Peru and other Aerial Photographic Studies of the Shippee-Johnson Expedition. Geographical Review, 22: 1: 1-29.

1933 Air Adventure in Peru. National Geographic Magazine, 63: 81-120.

Silva, J.

1992 Patrones de asentamiento en el valle del Chillón. In Estudios de Arqueología Peruana, edited by E. Bonavia, pp. 393-415. FOMCIENCIAS, Lima.

Silva, J., and D. Massie

1989 Mound Clusters in the Chillon Valley, Peru. In V. Vitzthum, ed., University of Michigan Discussions in Anthropology: Multidisciplinary Studies in Andean Archaeology, Vol. 8, pp. 51-64. Ann Arbor.

Silverman, H.

1985 Cahuachi: Simplemente Monumental. Boletin de Lima, 41: 85-95. Lima.

1988 Cahuachi: Non-Urban Cultural Complexity on the South Coast of Peru. Journal of Field Archaeology, 15: 4: 403-430.

1989 Nasca 8: A Reassessment of its Chronological Placement and Cultural Significance. In V. Vitzthum, ed., Multidisciplinary Studies in Andean Anthropology, pp. 23-32. University of Michigan Discussions in Anthropology, Vol. 8. Ann Arbor.

1990a Beyond the Pampa: the Geoglyphs in the Valleys of Nazca. National Geographic Research, 6:4: 435-456.

1990b The Early Nasca Pilgrimage Center of Cahuachi and the Nasca Lines: Anthropological and Archaeological Perspectives. In A. Aveni (ed.), The Lines of Nasca, pp. 209-304. Philadelphia: Am. Phil. Soc.

1991a The Paracas Problem: Archaeological Perspectives. In A. Paul, ed., Paracas: Art and Architecture, pp. 349-415. Iowa City: Univ. of Iowa Press.

1991b The Ethnography and Archaeology of Two Andean Pilgrimage Centers. In N. R. Crumrine and A. Morinis, editors, Pilgrimage in Latin America, pp. 215-228. Greenwood Press, Westport, CT.

1992a Estudio de los Patrones de Asentamiento y Reconstrucción de la Antigua Sociedad Nasca. Boletin de Lima, 82: 33-44. Lima.

1992b The Nazca Lines: Sacred Geography and Cult Archaeology. In D. Parker, editor, Broken Images: The Figured Landscape of Nazca, pp. 7-13. Cornerhouse Publications, Manchester, U.K.

1992c Sobre la antiguedad de los geoglifos de Nazca: Observaciones a Clarkson y Dorn. Boletin de Lima 83:5-10. Lima.

1993a Cahuachi in the Ancient Nasca World. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press.

1993b Style and State in Ancient Peru. In D. Whitten and N. Whitten, eds., Imagery and Creativity: Ethnoaesthetics and Art Worlds in the Americas, pp. 129-169. Tucson: Univ. of Arizona Press.

1993c Patrones de Asentamiento en el Valle de Ingenio, Cuenca del Río Grande de Nasca: Una Propuesta Preliminar. Gaceta Arqueológica Andina, 7: 23: 103-124. Lima.

1994a The Archaeological Identification of an Ancient Peruvian Pilgrimage Center. World Archaeology, 26: 1: 1-18.

1994b Paracas in Nazca: New Data on the Early Horizon Occupation of the Rio Grande de Nazca Drainage, Peru. Latin American Antiquity 5:359-382.

1995 Recent Archaeological Investigations on the South Coast of Peru: Critique and Prospects. Journal of the Steward Anthropological Society 23:1,2:13-42.

1996 The Formative Period on the South Coast of Peru: A Critical Review. Journal of World Prehistory 10:95-146.

1997 The First Field Season of Excavations at the Alto del Molino Site, Pisco Valley, Peru. Journal of Field Archaeology 24:441-457.

Silverman, H., and D. Browne

1991 New Evidence for the Date of the Nazca Lines. Antiquity, 65: 247: 208-220.

Smith, C., et al.

1968 Ancient Ridge Field Cultivation in the Lake Titicaca Area. The Geographical Review, 134: 3:353-67.

Smith, G.C.

1997 Hispanic, Indian, and African Influences in the Moquegua Valley of Southern Peru. Historical Archaeology 31:74-83.

Smith, R.T.

1979 The Development and Role of Sunken Field Agriculture on the Peruvian Coast. Geographical Journal, 145: 3: 387-400.

Spickard, L.

1983 The Development of Huari Administrative Architecture. In D. Sandweiss, ed., Investigations of the Andean Past, pp. 136-60. Cornell University Latin American Studies Program.

Spurling, G.

1992 The Organization of Craft Production in the Inka State: The Potters and Weavers of Milliraya. PhD dissertation, Cornell University. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms.

Stahl, P.

1986 Hallucinatory Imagery and the Origins of Early South American Figurine Art. World Archaeology 18:134-150.

Stanish, C.

1985 Post-Tiwanaku Regional Economies in the Otora Valley, Southern Peru. PhD dissertation, University of Chicago.

1989 Household Archaeology: Testing Models of Zonal Complementarity in the South Central Andes. American Anthropologist, 91: 7-24.

1990 Complementaridad zonal en Moquegua: Una aproximación desde el valle de Otora. Gaceta Arqueológica 18/19:137-158. Lima.

1991 A Late Pre-Hispanic Ceramic Chronology for the Upper Moquegua Valley, Peru. Fieldiana, n.s No. 16, Publication 1425. Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History.

1992 Ancient Andean Political Economy. Austin: Univ. of Texas Press.

1994 The Hydraulic Hypothesis Revisited. Latin American Antiquity, 5:4:312-332.

1997 Nonmarket Imperialism in a Prehispanic Context: The Inca Occupation of the Titicaca Basin. Latin American Antiquity 8:1-18.

Stanish, C. (editor)

1997 Archaeological Survey in the Juli-Desaguadero Region of Lake Titicaca Basin, Southern Peru. Fieldiana Anthropology No. 29, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago.

Stanish, C., E. de la Vega, and K. Frye

1993 Domestic Architecture of Lupaqa Area Sites. In Domestic Architecture in South Central Andean Prehistory, edited by M. Aldenderfer, pp. 83-93. University of Iowa Press, Iowa City.

Stanish, C., and I. Pritzker

1983 Archaeological Reconaissance in Southern Peru. Field Museum of Natural History, Bulletin, 54:6: 6-17.

Stanish, C., and L. Steadman

1994 Archaeological Research at the Site of Tumatumani, Juli, Peru. Fieldiana Anthropology No. 23, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago.

Stanish, C., et al.

1996 Archaeological Survey in the Southwestern Lake Titicaca Basin [Peru]. Dialogo Andino 14/15:97-144. Arica.

Steadman, L.

1995 Excavations at Camata: An Early kCeramic chronology for the Western Titicaca Basin, Peru. PhD dissertation, University of California, Berkeley. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor.

Stone-Miller, R.

1995 Art of the Andes from Chavin to Inca. Thames and Hudson, London.

Stone-Miller, R., and G. McEwan

1992 The Representations of the Wari State in Stone and Thread. In To Weave for the Sun: Andean Textiles in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, edited by R. Stone-Miller, pp. 53-80. The Boston Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.

Stothert, K.

1976 The Early Prehistory of the Santa Elena Peninsula, Ecuador. Actas del 41 Congreso Internacional de Americanistas, 2: 88-98. Mexico City.

Tellenbach, M.

1986 Las Excavaciones en el Asentamiento Formativo de Montegrande, Valle de Jequetepeque en el Norte del Perú. Materialen zur Allgemeinen und Vergleichenden Archaeologie, 39: 1-302. Munich: Verlag C.H. Beck.

Tello, J.

1956 Arqueología del Valle de Casma. Lima.

1959 Paracas. Lima.

1960 Chavin: Cultura Matriz de las Civilizaciones Andinas. Lima.

Tello, J., and T. M. Xesspe

1979 Paracas, II Parte: Cavernas y Necropolis. Lima: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos.

Terada, K.

1979 Excavations at La Pampa in the North Highlands of Peru, 1975. Report 1 of the Japanese Scientific Expedition to Nuclear America. Univ. of Tokyo Press.

1985 Early Ceremonial Architecture in the Cajamarca Valley. In C. Donnan, ed., Early Ceremonial Architecture in the Andes, pp. 191-208. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks.

Terada, K., and Y. Onuki

1982 Excavations at Huaca Loma in the Cajamarca Valley, Peru, 1979. University of Tokyo Press.

1985 The Formative Period in the Cajamarca Basin, Peru: Excavations at Huacaloma and Layzon,

1982. Univ. of Tokyo Press.

Thatcher, J.

1977 A Middle Horizon IB Cache from Huamachuco, North Highlands, Peru. Ñawpa Pacha, 15: 101-110.

Thompson, D.

1967 Investigaciones Arqueológicas en las Aldeas Chupachu de Ichu y Aqumarca. In J. Murra, ed., Visita a la Provincia de Leon de Huanuco en 1562, Vol. 1, pp. 357-62. Huanuco, Peru.

1968a An Archaeological Evaluation of Ethnohistoric Evidence on Inca Culture. In B. Meggers, ed., Anthropological Archaeology in the Americas, pp. 108-120. Washington, D.C.

1968b Huanuco, Peru: A Survey of a Province of the Inca Empire. Archaeology, 21: 174-181.

1969 Incaic Installations at Huanuco and Pumpu, Peru. In J. Hardoy and R. Schadel, eds., Urbanization in the Americas, pp. 67-74. Buenos Aires.

1971 Late Prehispanic Occupations in the Eastern Peruvian Andes. Revista del Museo Nacional, 37:116-123. Lima.

1974 Arquitectura y Patrones de Establecimiento en el Valle de Casma. Revista del Museo Nacional, 40: 9-29. Lima.

1976 Prehistory of the Uchucamarca Valley in the North Highlands of Peru. Actas del 41 Congreso Internacional de Americanistas, 2: 99-106. Mexico City.

1980 The Precolumbian and Colonial Heritage of Rapayan, Peru. Archaeology, 33: 2: 44-54.

Thompson, D., and J. Murra

1966 Inca Bridges in the Region of Huanuco Viejo. American Antiquity, 31: 632-39.

Thompson, D., and R. Ravines

1973 Tinyash -- A Prehispanic Village in the Andean Puna. Archaeology, 26: 2: 94-100.

Topic, J.

1982 Lower-Class Social and Economic Organization at Chan Chan. In M. Moseley and K. Day, eds., Chan Chan: Andean Desert City, pp. 145-76.

1986 A Sequence of Monumental Architecture from Huamuchuco, North Peru. In D. Sandweiss and D. Kvietok, eds., Perspectives on Andean Prehistory and Protohistory, pp. 63-84. Cornell University Latin American Studies Program.

1989 The Ostra Site: The Earliest Fortified Site in the New World? Proceedings of the 20^th Annual Chacmool Conference, pp. 215-228. University of Calgary, Calgary.

1990 Craft Production in the Kingdom of Chimor. In The Northern Dynasties: Kingship and Statecraft in Chimor, edited by M. Moseley and A. Cordy-Collins, pp. 145-176. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C.

1991 Huari and Huamachuco. In Huari Administrative Structure: Prehistoric Monumental Architecture and State Government, edited by W. Isbell and G. McEwan, pp. 141-164. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C.

1992 Las huacas de Huamachuco: precisiones en torno a una imagen indígena de un paisaje andino. In La Persecución del Demonio: Crónica de los Primeros Augustinos en el Norte del Perú, edited by E. Deeds, T. Van Ronzelen, L. Millones, J. Topic, and J. González, pp. 40-99. Algazara, Málaga, Spain.

1994 El izamiento del gallardete en Huamachuco. In En el Nombre del Señor: Shamanes, Domonios y curanderos del Norte del Perú, edited by L. Millones and M. Lemlij, pp. 102-127. Biblioteca Peruana de Psicoanálisis, Lima.

Topic, J., and T. Topic

1978 Prehistoric Fortification Systems of Northern Peru. Current Anthropology, 19: 3: 618-19.

1983 Coast-Highland Relations in North Peru: Some Observations on Rutes, Networks, and Scales of Interaction. In M. Leventhal and A. Kolata, eds., Civilizations in the Ancient Americas, pp. 237-60.

1986 El Horizonte Medio en Huamachuco. Revista del Museo Nacional, 47: 13-52. Lima.

1987 The Archaeological Investigation of Andean Militarism: Some Cautionary Observations. In J. Haas, S. Pozorski, and T. Pozorski, eds., The Origins and Development of the Andean State, pp. 47-55. Cambridge University Press.

1992 The Rise and Decline of Cerro Amaru: An Andean Shrine during the Early Intermediate Period and Middle Horizon. In Ancient Images, Ancient Thought: The Archaeology of Ideology, pp. . The Chacmool Society, University of Calgary, Alberta.

Topic, T.

1982 The Early Intermediate Period and its Legacy. In M. Moseley and K. Day, eds., Chan Chan: Andean Desert City, pp. 255-84.

1990 Territorial Expansion and the Kingdom of Chimor. In The Northern Dynasties: Kingship and Statecraft in Chimor, edited by M. Moseley and A. Cordy-Collins, pp. 177-194. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C.

1991 The Middle Horizon in Northern Peru. In W. Isbell and G. McEwan, eds., Huari Administrative Structure: Prehistoric Monumental Architecture and State Government, pp. 233-246. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks.

Topic, T., T. McGeevy, and J. Topic

1987 A Comment on the Breeding and Herding of Llamas and Alpacas on the North Coast of Peru. American Antiquity 52:832-835.

Topic, T., and J. Topic

1991 Huamachuco Archaeological Project: Preliminary Report on the 1986 Fieldseason. Trent University Occasional Papers in Anthropology, No. 4.

Treacy, J.

1994 Las Chacras de Coporaque: Andenería y Riego en el Valle del Colca. Instituto de Estudios Peruanos, Lima.

Trimborn, H.

1971 Las Ruinas de Macas en el Valle del Chillon, Lima. Revista del Museo Nacional, 36: 258-66. Lima.

1979 El Reino de Lambayeque en el Antiguo Perú. Collectanea Instituti Anthropos No. 19. Bonn.

1994 El Cerro Esculpido de Samaipata. In Investigaciones de Arqueólogos Alemanes en bolivia: Heinz Walter y Hermann Trimborn. Centro Argentino de Etnología Americana, Colección Mankacén, Buenos Aires.

Trimborn, H., et al.

1975 Investigaciones Arqueológicas en los Valles del Caplina y Sama. Studia Instituti Anthropos, Vol. 25.

Tschauner, H., M. Vetters, J. Dulanto, M. Saco, and W. La Torre

1994 Un taller alfarero chimu en el valle de Lambayeque. In Tecnología y Organización de la Producción de Cerámica en los Andes, edited by I. Shimada, pp. 349-393. Pontifica Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima.

Tschopik, M.

1946 Some Notes on the Archaeology of the Dept. of Puno, Peru. Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology, No. 27.

Turpin, S., and A. Paul

1986 The Ecstatic Shaman Theme of Paracas Textiles. Archaeology 39:20-27.

Tyler, J.

1992 El cazador guerrero de la iconografía Mochica. Revista del Museo de Arqueología 3:136-141. Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo, Peru.

Uceda, S.

1993 Evidencias de grandes precipitaciones en diversas etapas constructivas de la Huaca de la Luna, costa norte del Perú. Bulletin de l'Institut Francais d'Etudes Andines 22:1:313-343. Lima.

Uceda, S., and E. Mujica (eds.)

1993 Moche: Propuestas y Perspectivas. Lima: Universidad Nacional de Trujillo.

Ugent, D., et al.

1982 Archaeological Potato Tuber Remains from the Casma Valley of Peru. Economic Botany, 36: 2:182-92.

Uhle, M.

1991 [1903] Pachacamac: A Reprint of the 1903 Edition. Edited by I. Shimada. University Museum, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.

Valcárcel, L.

1933 Esculturas de Pikillacta. Revista del Museo Nacional 2:19-48. Lima.

Valdez, L.,

1997 Ecology and Ceramic Production in an Andean Community: A Reconsideration of the Evidence. Journal of Anthropological Research 53:65-85.

Valdez, L., and C. Vivanco

1994 Arqueología de la Cuenca del Qaracha, Ayacucho, Peru. Latin American Antiquity, 5: 2: 144-157.

Valdez, L., C. Vivanco, and C. Chavez

1990 Asentamientos chaka en la cuenca del Pampas-Qaracha (Ayacucho). Gaceta Arqueológica Andina 5:17:17-26. Lima.

Valencia, A.

1970 Dos Tumbas de Saqsaywaman. Revista Española de Antropología Americana, 5: 67-76. Sevilla.

Valencia, A., and A. Gibaja

1992 Macchu Pichu: La Investigación y Conservación de los Monumentos Arqueológicos después de Hiram Bingham. Cuzco, Peru.

Van Buren, M.

1993 Community and Empire in Southern Peru: The Site of Torata Alta under Spanish Rule. PhD dissertation, University of Arizona. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor.

Van de Guchte, M.

1990 'Carving the World': Inca Monumental Sculpture and Landscape. PhD dissertation, University of Illinois. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor.

Varela, T.

1972 Restos Humanos Procedentes de las Excavaciones de Chinchero, Perú. Revista Española de Antropología Americana, 7: 245-54. Sevilla.

Vela, C.

1992 Tiwanaku en el Valle del Caplina (Tacna). Pumapunku 3:31-45. La Paz.

Verano, J.

1992 Prehistoric Disease and Demography in the Andes. In Disease and Demography in the Americas,edited by J. Verano and D. Ubelaker, pp. 15-24. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.

1994 Caracteristicas fisicas y biología osteológica de los Moche. In Moche: Propuestas y Perspectivas, edited by S. Uceda and E. Mujica, pp. 307-326. Institut Francais d'Etudes Andines, Lima.

1997 Human Skeletal Remains from Tomb 1, Sipan (Lambayeque River Valley, Peru), and their Social Implications. Antiquity 71:670-682.

Vergara, E.

1991 Descodificación de los simbolos sacros Chavin: Consideraciones muy breves. Revista del Museo de Arqueología 2:148-176. Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo, Peru.

Von Hagen, A.

1998 Tombs with a View: Chachapoya Mummies buried above Lake of the Condors. Archaeology 51:48-54.

Von Hagen, V.

1955 Highway of the Sun. New York: Duell, Sloan, and Pierce.

Vreeland, J.

1974 Procedimiento para la evaluación y clasificación del material textil andino. Arqueológicas, 15:70-96. Lima.

Vreeland, J., and A. Cockburn

1980 Mummies of Peru. In A. Cockburn and E. Cockburn, eds., Mummies, Disease, and Ancient Culture, pp. 135-74. Cambridge University Press.

Wagner, U., et al.

1994 Kiln Firing in Batan Grande: Today and in Formative Times. In D. Scott and P. Meyers, editors, Archaeology of Pre-Columbian Sites and Artifacts, pp. 67-84. Getty Institution Press, Los Angeles.

Wallace, D.

1980 Tiwanaku as a Symbolic Empire. Estudios Andinos, 5: 133-144.

1991 A Technical and Iconographic Analysis of Carhua Painted Textiles. In Paracas Art and Architecture, edited by A.. Paul, pp. 61-109. University of Iowa Press, Iowa City.

Walter, H.

1959 Die Ruine Pucara de Oroncota (Sudost-bolivien). Baessler Archiv, . Berlin.

1968 Archaologische Studien in den Kordilleren Boliviens: Beitrage Zur Archaeologie Boliviens. Baessler-Archiv, Beitrage zur Volkerkunde, Verlag Von Dietrich Reimer, Berlin.

Wassen, S.

1972 A Medicine Man's Implements and Plants in a Tiahuanacoid tomb in Highland Bolivia. Ethnologiska Studier, No. 32. Goteborg.

1987 Ulluchu in Moche Iconography and Blood Ceremonies: The Search for Identification. Göteborg Etnografiska Museum Annals 1985/86:59-71. Göteborg.

Watanabe, L.

1984 Cerro Baul: Un Santuario de Filiación Wari en Moquegua. Boletin de Lima, 32: 40-49. Lima. Reprinted 1989 in D. Rice, C. Stanish, and P. Scarr, eds., Ecology, Settlement and History in the Osmore Drainage, Peru, Pt. 1,, pp. 257-267. British Archaeological Reports, International Series No. 545. Oxford, U.K.

Watanabe, L., M. Moseley, and F. Cabieses, eds.

1991 Trabajos Arqueológicos en Moquegua, Peru. Lima: Museo Peruano de la Salud.

Webster, A.

1993 The Role of the Camelid in the Development of the Tiwanaku State. PhD dissertation, Dept. of Anthropology, University of Chicago.

Weir, G., and H. Eling

1986 Pollen Evidence for Economic Plant Utilization in Prehistoric Agricultural Fields of Jequetepeque Valley, Northern Peru. In Andean Archaeology: Papers in Memory of Clifford Evans, edited by R. Matos, M. Solvig, and H. Eling, pp. 150-163. Institute of Archaeology, University of California at Los Angeles.

West, M.

1970 Community Settlement Patterns at Chan Chan, Peru. American Antiquity, 35: 74-86.

1979 Early Watertable Farming on the North Coast of Peru. American Antiquity, 44: 1: 138-44.

1981 Agricultural Resource Use in an Andean Coastal Ecosystem. Human Ecology, 9: 47-78.

West, M., and T. Whitaker

1980 Prehistoric Cultivated Cucurbits from the Viru Valley, Peru. Economic Botany, 33: 3: 275-79.

Whitaker, T.

1981 Archaeological Cucurbits. Economic Botany, 35: 4: 460-66.

Willey, G.

1953 Prehistoric Settlement Patterns in the Viru Valley, Peru. Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 155. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

Williams, C.

1980 Complejos de Piramides con Planta en U: Patrón Arquitectonico de la Costa Central. Revista del Museo Nacional, 44: 95-110. Lima.

1985 A Scheme for the Early Monumental Architecture of the Central Coast of Peru. In C. Donnan, ed., Early Ceremonial Architecture in the Andes, pp. 227-40. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks.

1992 Sukankas y Ceques: La Medición del Tiempo en el Tahuantinsuyu. Pachacamac, 1:1:101-113. Revista del Museo de la Nación, Lima, Peru.

Williams, C., and J. Pineda

1985 Desde Ayacucho hasta Cajamarca: Formas Arquitectonicas con Filiación Wari. Boletin de Lima, 40: 55-81. Lima.

Williams, S.

1990 The Skeletal Biology of Estuquiña: A Late Intermediate Period Site in Southern Peru. PhD dissertation, Northwestern University. Unversity Microfilms, Ann Arbor.

Wilson, D.

1981 Of Maize and Men: A Critique of the Maritime Hypothesis of State Origins on the Coast of Peru. American Anthropologist, 83: 93-120.

1983 The Origins and Development of Complex Prehispanic Society in the Lower Santa Valley, Peru: Implications for Theories of State Origins. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 2:209-76.

1987 Reconstructing Patterns of Early Warfare in the Lower Santa Valley: New Data on the Role of Conflict in the Origins of Complex North-Coast Society. In J. Haas, et al., eds., The Origins and Development of the Andean State, pp. 56-69. Cambridge University Press.

1988a Prehispanic Settlement Patterns in the Lower Santa Valley, Peru. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.

1988b Desert Ground Drawings in the Lower Santa Valley, North Coast of Peru. American Antiquity, 53: 4: 794-804.

1992 Modeling the Role of Ideology in Societal Adaptation: Examples from the South American Data. In Ideology and Pre-Columbian Civilizations, edited by A. Demarest and G. Conrad, pp. 37-63. School of American Research, Santa Fe.

1995 Prehispanic Settlement Patterns in the Casma Valley, North Coast of Peru: Preliminary Results to Date. Journal of the Steward Anthropological Society 23:1,2:189-228.

Wing, E.

1972 Utilization of Animal Resources in the Peruvian Andes. In S. Izumi and K. Terada, eds., Andes 4: Excavations at Kotosh, Peru, pp. . Univ. of Tokyo Press.

1977 Animal Domestication in the Andes. In C. Reed, ed., Origins of Agriculture, pp. 837-59. The Hague: Mouton.

1986 Domestication of Andean Mammals. In Adaptations and Evolution in Biota of High Tropical

Montane Ecosystems, edited by M. Monasterio and F. Vuilleumier, pp. 246-263. Springer-Verlag, New York.

1988 Use of Animals by the Incas as Seen at Huánuco Pampa [Peru]. In Economic Prehistory of the Central Andes, edited by E. Wing and J. Wheeler, pp. 167-179. British Archaeological Reports, International Series No.427. Oxford, U.K.

Zechenter, E. M.

1988 Subsistence Strategies in the Supe Valley of the Peruvian Central Coast during the Late Preceramic and Initial Periods. PhD dissertation, Dept. of Anthropology, University of California at Los Angeles.

Zegarra, A.

1970 Dos Tumbas de Saqsaywaman. Revista Española de Antropología Americana, 5:67-75.

Zimmerer, K.

1993 Agricultural Biodiversity and Peasant Rights to Subsistence in the Central Andes during Inca Rule. Journal of Historical Geography 19:1:15-32.

Ziókowski, M., and R. Sadowski

1992 La Arqueoastronomía en la Investigación de las Culturas Andinas. Quito: Instituto Otavaleño de Antropología, Banco Central del Ecuador.

Ziókowski, M., et al.

1994 Andes: Radiocarbon Database for Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru. Andean Archaeological Mission of the Institute of Archaeology, Warsaw University, Warsaw, Poland.

Ziólkowski, M., and R. Sadowski (editors)

1989 Time and Calendars in the Inca Empire. BAR International Series No. 479, British Archaeological Reports, Oxford, U.K.

 back to main page