http://www-personal.umich.edu/~hema
CITIES AND INTERNATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
Urban Planning 424/ University Course
424 (3 credit hours)
Tuesday and Thursday
1.00 P.M. - 2.30 P.M. Mason Hall 3415
Hemalata C. Dandekar instructor e-mail
address: hema@umich.edu
Office Hours: Thursday 9.00-11.00 P.M. Rm.
2208C Art and Arch. tel. 763-1114
Instructor will be available before and after each class for
consultation
Content:
This course will provide students with
a conceptual understanding of the physical, social, economic and cultural
structure of cities. The objective is
to evoke in students an enthusiasm and excitement for discovery about the
physical fabric of the city. Multi-media
presentations and a multi-disciplinary approach will bring the sights, sounds,
and the texture of city life to the classroom for scrutiny and analysis.
Cities such as Mumbai (Bombay)
Shanghai, Sao Paulo, Lagos, London, Cairo, Mexico City, Los Angeles, Beijing,
Delhi, Tokyo, Singapore, Hong Kong, Detroit, Johannesburg, Calcutta and Toronto
have important parallels as well as differences in their historical evolution
and in their emerging roles both within their geographic region and in an
increasingly integrated global economy. This evolution and these roles will be
explored.
Understanding cities is a task that
involves comprehending in three and four dimensions. Students will: learn the history of city development; study maps
and architecture of the city to read the impact of social, political, and
demographic forces on city evolution; analyze the spatial evolution of cities
in industrializing to post-industrial societies; and learn how cities of the
future are currently imagined and shaped in societies throughout the
world. Cross-cultural, cross-national,
historical assessment of the changing role of cities and their regions will be
key in this analysis.
Goals and
Objectives:
UP 424/ UC 424 has as a central goal
empowering students to become active citizens by providing an understanding of
the ways in which individuals can be instrumental in shaping city futures. With this in mind the course has three
objectives:
Audience:
This course is suitable for advanced
undergraduate and graduate students. No
prerequisites are needed. It is
designed to be useful to students interested in sustainable development,
architecture, city planning, urban design, urban politics and sociology.
Text and
Coursepack:
The text Hemalata C. Dandekar, ed., City, Space and Globalization, College
of Architecture and Urban Planning, The University of Michigan: 1998 is
available for $11.00 at the Copy Center, tel. 763-3584, Rm. 2109 Art and
Architecture Building North Campus. A
course pack of required readings is available at Ulrich’s tel. 662-3201. One copy of the text and folders containing
non-required, background readings are on reserve at the Media Union, North
Campus.
Structure
This is a lecture course taught
primarily by the instructor. It
features a few guest presentations by faculty from departments across
campus. The course is divided into
three parts as follows:
Part I: City Origins. An examination of the evolution of cities
historically --as market towns, as religious centers, as administrative
centers, and as centers for military and administrative control.
Part II: Colonial to Industrial City. An exploration of city transformation
from the European colonial period to the development decades following World
War II -- as colonial capitals, as port cities involved in international trade and commerce, as centers of the newly
industrializing regions of the world, as new towns and utopian
communities. Efforts to house and meet
the basic needs of city dwellers from all socio-economic strata will be
reviewed.
Part III: The Post-Industrial City and City of Tomorrow. An assessment of current and
anticipated challenges to city living -- as cities become centers of global
interlinked markets and financial networks.
World cities and their role in supra-national regions will be
discussed. The concepts of economic
rationality, technical rationality, financial efficacy, sustainability of
environment and resources will be investigated from differing cultural and
aesthetic perspectives of what constitutes the "good city.”
Lecture
notes which are to be presented in class will be available for students to
download from the the class Course Tools Web site.
Grades and
Assignments
Class grades are based on: two
mini-assignments (30% of the grade) which will involve research and analysis
which may be incorporated into the final paper; two mini-quizes of concepts
(30% of the grade); and a final term paper (40% of the grade). As analysis is to be in four dimensions
involving the tracing of the physical fabric of cities over time. In addition to published material students
will use the tangible evidence of city layouts and architecture to illustrate
the impact of social, political and demographic forces which influence the
shape and space of cities.
Assignment One: City History (Covering
Sessions 1-10)
By sessions three choose two cities in
regions of the world you find interesting.
One city may be in a post-industrialized phase of development in a
region that is classified as western or first world but the other city must be
in an industrializing or newly industrialized phase of development in regions referred to as second or third
world. It must be a city with a
substantial history of settlement and growth.
Over the term you will be studying these two cities in the three phases
addressed in the class: historical, colonial to industrial, and post-industrial
city and city of tomorrow. The theories
introduced in class lectures and readings are to structure your investigation.
During sessions four to ten locate
literature and web sites which enable you to trace the historical evolution of
your two cities. Describe the
organizing mechanisms of the two cities using the principles reviewed in class. Describe the relationship of your cities
with their hinterland. Locate maps of
your two cities that predate World War II.
Manipulate the maps so that they are to the same scale and can be
compared visually one to another.
Locate the major building complexes, districts and activity areas of
these cities. Obtain photographs and
other graphic documentation of these city nodes.
Submit a hard and digital copy of
assignment 1 in which you describe the historical evolution of your two cities
using visual materials and analyze the organizing principles that shaped
them. (Assignment to be about 5 to 10
pages including illustrations and references.)
Assignment Two: The
City Today (Session 11 to 21)
During sessions 11 to 21 obtain
information on the historic and current economic base of the two cities and
analyze the implications and prognosis of this for the future. Chart the population growth of your two
cities from 1940 to the present. Graph
the gender, age, racial, ethnic, religious groups profile of this
population. Is there spatial segregation
in the city according to these characteristics? Map and diagram the spatial changes in the two cities over the
development decades so as to highlight significant nodes, transportation
systems, civic, commercial and public centers.
Submit a hard and digital copy of
assignment 2 in which you describe the evolution of your cities from the
colonial period through the development decades, pointing out their current
environment and “personality.”
(Assignment to be about 5 to 10 pages including illustrations and
references.)
Computer quizzes will be placed on-line for you to complete by the specified due dates. Each quiz is designed to be completed in one and a half hours. Each quiz tests the theories and postulates about cities which will be presented during class lectures and in the audio-visual materials used in class.
Assignment Five:
Final Paper
The final paper will build on the city
past and look to the future highlighting some of the factors which most
influence its future. During sessions
22 to 28 locate information including, if available, master plans for, the long
term development of your two cities.
Describe how each city attempts to administer and guide growth. Characterize the socio-political-institutional
aspects of the planning process.
Describe the major challenges and opportunities for developing a
rational plan for city growth. Identify
major resource bottlenecks. Identify
any new technologies which offer solutions.
Speculate on the role these cities will play in the future. Your major term paper is to be about 25
pages in length. It is to combine and
build on your first and second assignments which will serve as background and
context for the your research on city planning for the future. Describe the envisioned and probable futures
of your two cities. Discuss what kind
of planning and institutions could help realize positive futures.
Layout
and organization: This is a major term paper and must have the following elements:
Title of the Paper: States
the theme and the names of the cities you are addressing either in the main or
in the subtitle.
Table of Contents: Provides
the main and sub heads and page numbers.
Introduction: Outlines what you are trying to
do in the paper -- looking at past, present and future of particular cities
around certain themes.
Body: Break
out the paper into parts grouped around
sub headings. These will serve to
distinguish the cities and highlight either the issues or the time period (or
both) that are being addressed. It is
important, particularly in the body of the paper, to:
1. INTEGRATE
into the body and cross reference in text all the graphics, tables, maps etc.
that are central to your description.
Background charts and tables may be put into an appendix but these
should be few. The point of using
graphics is to have them augment the narrative, so, as far as possible, they
should be integrated into the text .
2. PROVIDE
SOURCES Cite and give sources for all the visual and descriptive material
you use in your paper. Sources of
figures, tables and maps are essential.
Date of maps and graphics should be provided as far as possible. If you use web sites give the address of
the web site and the date you visited it.
3. NUMBER
ALL PAGES
Conclusions: Summarize and
inform the reader of the main points you made in the paper. Do not include new information.
Bibliography and Reference: Provide
full citations at the end of the paper of the works you have referred to in the text.
Papers
are due at beginning of class December 11, 2001.
CITIES
AND INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Draft
Schedule Fall Term 2001
Wk Session Day Date Theme Video/Guest
1 1 Th Sep 6 Introduction x
Part I: Historical
Evolution of Cities
2 2 T Sep 11 City
Origins
3 Th Sep 13 City
and Hinterland Prof. Yoffee
3 4 T Sep 18 Traditional
City Attributes x
5 Th Sep 20 City
as Religious Center x
4 6 T Sep 25 Administrative/Military
Center x
7 Th Sep 27 The
Imperial City Prof.
Sinopoli
5 8 T Oct 2 The
Islamic City
9 Th Oct 4 The
Medieval City/The Mercantile City x
Part
II: Cities in Colonial,
Post-Colonial/Development Decades
6 10 T Oct 9 Market
Networks
11 Th Oct 11 Port
City x
Assignment 1 Due
Complete
Quiz 1
7 12 T Oct 16 City
as Colonial Capital
13 Th Oct 18 Colonial Legacy
on City Systems
8 14 T Oct 23 City
of Industry x
15 Th Oct 25 “Positioning”
Port Cities x
9 16 T Oct 30 City Planning Traditions
17 Th Nov 1 The
Visionaries Prof.
Fishman
10 18 T Nov 6 The
Socialist City
19 Th Nov
8 Migration/ Rural-Urban
Connections x
11 20 T Nov 13 Squatter
Settlements
21 Th Nov 15 Housing
/ Basic Urban Infrastructure x
Part
III: Shaping Cities for the Future
12 22 T Nov 20 Reading
the City
Assignment 2 Due
Complete Quiz 2
13 23 T Nov 27 Edge
Cities x
24 Th Nov 29 The
New Urbanism x
14 25 T Dec 4 Sustainable
City/Capital City
26 Th Dec 6 City
of Finance and Information x
A
Public/Private Partnership
15 27 T Dec 11 World
City/Futuristic Visions x
What
Have We Learned about the City?
Final Papers Due Dec 11
Required
and Suggested Readings UP 424 and UC 424 Fall Term 2001
Required
readings are in bold. They are chapters
from the text, City, Space and
Globalization or in the course pack.
Suggested or background readings are not
required but supplemental to the lectures.
They may be useful in your research and are on reserve at the Reserve
Desk, Media Union, North Campus.
Session 1 Introduction
Text: Chapter 1 (Dandekar) 2 (Friedmann)
Sessions 2-10
Part I: Historical Evolution of Cities
Session
2 City Origins
Bairoch, Paul, "The
Birth of Urbanism and the Economy," in Cities
and Economic Development, The University of Chicago Press: 1988, pp. 8-16
and 19-31.
suggested:
Mumford,
Lewis, The City in History, Harcourt
Brace, 1961, Chapters 1-3, pp. 3-93.
Catanese,
Anthony J., "Evolution and Trends" in Anthony J. Catanese and James
C. Snyder, Urban Planning,
McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1988, pp.3-33.
Session
3 City and Hinterland
Text: Chapters 10(Choe) and 13 (Yucekus and
Banerjee)
Johnson,
E.A.J., "The Nature of Landscapes in Human Geography" in The Organization of Space in Developing
Countries, Harvard University Press: 1970, pp. 1-27.
Session
4 Traditional City
Attributes
Text: Chapter 11(Wei and Yang)
Review slides on Sjoberg and
Wirth on class web site
suggested
Sjoberg,
Gideon, "The Preindustrial City", in Sylvia Fava (ed) Urbanism in World Perspective: A Reader,
Crowell: 1969, pp. 115-125
Wirth,
Louis, "Urbanism as a Way of Life," in Sylvia Fava (ed) op.cit pp. 46-63
Trautmann,
Thomas, "The Indus Civilization (2,300 - 1,700 B.C.)," in South Asian Civilization to the Coming of
the Turks. 2,300 B.C. to 1,000 A.D., unpublished manuscript.
Session
5 City as Religious
Center
Text: Chapter 12 (Povatong)
suggested
Eck,
Diana L., "The City as a Sacred Center," in Bardwell Smith and Holly
Baker Reynold, The City As A Sacred
Center, E.J.Brill: 1987, pp.1-11
Eck,
Diana L, Banaras, City of Light,
Princeton University Press, 1982.
Session
6 Military
Center/Administrative Center
Reps, John, “The Theoretical
Basis for European Town Planning,” in
Town Planning in Frontier America, University of Missouri Press, 1980,
pp.3-31.
Session
7 The Imperial City
Sinopoli, Carla and Kathlene
D. Morrison, “Dimensions of Imperial Control: The Vijaynagar Capital” American Anthropologist, Vol. 97, pp. 83-96
Session
8 The Islamic City
Text: Chapter 14 (Mahayni) and 15 (El Safty)
suggested
Abu-Lughod,
J. 1993. “The Islamic City:
Historic Myth, Islamic Essence, and Contemporary Relevance” in Hooshang
Amirahmadi and Salah S. El-Shakhs, Urban
Development in the Muslim World., Rutgers University Press: 1993.
Session
9 The Medieval
City/The Mercantile City
Morris, A.E.J., History of Urban Form Before the Industrial
Revolution, 2nd.ed. ; New York: 1979, pp. 85-87, 97-103, 248-251.
suggested
Porter,
Roy, London A Social History, Harvard University Press, 1995
Session
10 Market Networks
Plattner, Stuart, "Rural
Market Networks," Scientific
American, May 1975, pp. 66-79.
Session
11 Port City
Text: Chapter 6 (Mehrotra) and 39 (Brahme)
suggested
Reeves,
Peter, Frank Broeze and Kenneth
McPherson, "Studying the Asian Port City'" in Broeze, F., ed. Brides
of the Sea: Port Cities from 16th to 20th Centuries. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press: 1989.
Murphey,
Rhoads, "On the Evolution of the Port City," in Broeze, F., ed. Brides
of the Sea: Port Cities from 16th to 20th Centuries. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press: 1989.
Session
12 City as Colonial
Capital
Text: Chapter 4 (Isaacs), 5 (Perera) and 16
(Rojas)
suggested
Hosagrahar,
Jyoti, City as Durbar: Theater and Power in Imperial Delhi, in Nezar AlSayyad, Forms of Dominance: On the Architecture and
Urbanism of the Colonial Enterprise, Avebury: 1992, pp. 83-105.
King,
Anthony D. "Colonial Cities: Global Pivots of Change," in Robert J.
Ross and Gerard J.Telkamp, eds., Colonial
Cities, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers: 1985, pp. 7-16.
Clarke,
Colin G., "A Caribbean Creole Capital: Kingston, Jamaica
(1692-1938)," in Ross and Telkamp, op. cit., pp. 153-171.
Session
13 The Colonial Legacy
on City Systems
Herbert David, T. and Colin
J. Thomas, "The Emergence of the Urban System" and "The Urban
System," in Cities in Space: City As
Place, pp.45-65.
Text: Chapter 7 (Godbole)
suggested
Davis
Kingsley, "Colonial Expansion and Urban Diffusion in the Americas,"
in D.J..Dwer, ed., The City in the Third
World, MacMillan: 1974, pp.4-48.
Kaur,
Amarjit, "The Impact of Railroads on the Malayan Economy, 1874-1941,"
Journal of Asian Studies, August
1980, pp. 693-710.
Session
14 City of Industry
Hall, Peter, “The Origins:
Urban Growth from 1800 to 1940” in Urban
and Regional Planning, Allen and Unwin, 1975, pp.19-41.
suggested
Gallion,
Arthur B. and Simon Eisner, The Urban
Pattern, City Planning and Design, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New
York:1986, pp. 63-72
Session
15 “Positioning” a Port
City, New York and Mumbai
Text: Chapters 22 (Adarkar) and 36 (Mahajan)
Session
16 City Planning
Traditions
Spreiregen, Paul D.,
"The Roots of Our Modern Concepts," in The Architecture of Towns and Cities, McGraw-Hill Book Company: 1965,
pp.29-48.
suggested
Text: Chapter 38 (Jime´nez), 25 (Ford)
Session
17 The Visionaries
Fishman, Robert, Urban
Utopias In the Twentieth Century:
Ebenezer Howard, Frank Lloyd Wright, and Le Corbusier, Basic Books:
1977, pp. 3-20.
suggested
Garvin,
Alexander, “The Comprehensive Plan,” in
The American City: What Works What Doesn’t, McGraw Hill: 1996, pp.427-465.
Session
18 The Socialist City
Morris, A.E.J., History of Urban Form Before the Industrial
Revolution, 2nd.ed.; New York: 1979, pp. 198-200.
Text: Chapters 16 (Rojas) and 17 (Lara)
suggested
Tarkhanov
A., and S. Kavtaradze, Architecture of
the Stalin Era, New York: 1992, Chaps. 3, 5, pp.80-95, 116-144.
Egorov,
I.A., The Architectural Planning of St.
Petersburg, trans. E. Dluhosch, Athens OH:1969, Chap. 9, pp.183-211.
Collins,
George, "The State of Soviet Town Planning before 1930," in his
"Introduction" to N.A.Miliutin, Sotsgorod:
The Problem of Building Socialist Cities, Trans. Arthur Sprague, Cambridge,
MA: 1974, pp. 3-11.
Session
19 Migration/Rural-Urban
Connections
Dandekar, Hemalata, “Changing
Migration Strategies in Deccan Maharashtra, India, 1885-1990,” in J. Gugler, ed., Cities in the Developing World, Issues,
Theory and Policy, Oxford: 1997, pp. 48-61.
suggested
Laquian,
Aprodicio A. and Alan B. Simmons, "Public Policy and Migratory Behavior in
Selected Cities," in James W. White, ed., The Urban Impact of Internal Migration, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill: 1976, pp.97-124.
Critchfield,
Richard, The Villagers: Changed Values, Altered Lives, The Closing of the
Urban-Rural Gap, Doubleday: 1994
Session
20 Squatter
Settlements
Text: Chapters29 (Foria´n-Borbón and
Velasco-Campuzano), 23 (Kusno) and 24 (Woods)
suggested
Megacities,
Time, January 11, 1993, pp.28-38
Laquian,
Aprodicio A., Squatters and Slum Dwellers, in Stephen H.K.Yee and A.A.Laquian, Housing Asia's Millions: Problems, Policies,
and Prospects for Low-Cost Housing in Southeast Asia, International
Development Research Center: 1979, pp.51-65.
Session
21 Housing/Basic Urban
Infrastructure
Lim, Gill-Chin, “Housing
Policies for the Urban Poor in Developing Countries,” in Jay M. Stein, Classic Readings in Urban Planning, McGraw Hill, 1995, pp.521-538.
suggested
Peattie,
Lisa, "Housing Policy in
Developing Countries: Two Puzzles", Third World Development, Vol.
7, Pergamon Press, 1979.
Turner, John C., "The Value of
Housing, What It Does Versus What It Is", in Housing By People, Parthenon,
1975, pp. 53-76.
Session
22 Reading the City
Text: Chapters 3 (King), 8 (Arens), 9 (Liss-Katz)
and 34 (O’Neill)
suggested
Lynch,
Kevin, "The City Image and its Elements," in The Image of the City,
Harvard University Press: 1960, pp.46-90
Hall,
Peter, "Transport: Maker and
Breaker of Cities" in Mannion
A.M., and S.R.Bowlby, pp.265-276.
Whyte,
William H. , City: Rediscovering the
Center, Doubleday, 1988.
Session
23 Edge Cities
Garreau, Joel, Edge City:
Life on the New Frontier, Doubleday: 1991, pp. 1-15.
suggested
Ginsburg,
Norton, Bruce Koppel, T.G.McGee, The Extended Metropolis: Settlement Transition in Asia, University of
Hawaii Press:1991.
Garreau,
Joel, Edge City: Life on the New Frontier, Doubleday: 1991, pp.15-60.
Session
24 The New Urbanism
Text: Chapters 18 (Greinacher), 19 (Sen), 20
(Ruff) and 33 (Bromley)
suggested
Calthorpe,
Peter,"The Region" and Andres Duany and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk,
"The Neighborhood, the District and the Corridor" in Peter Katz, The New Urbanism: Towards an Architecture of
Community, pp.xi-xxiv.
Session
25 Sustainable
City/Capital City
suggested
White,
Rodney R., "The Ecological City." in Urban Environmental Management: Environmental Change and Urban Design,
John Wiley and Sons:1994, pp.137-166.
Hardoy,
Jorge, Mitlin, Diana and Satterthwaite, David, Environmental Problems in Third World Cities, Earthscan: 1992, pp.
29-35, 203-220.
Breheny
M.J., "Towards Sustainable Urban Development" in Mannion op.cit.,
pp.277-290.
Session
26 City of Finance,
Information and Public/Private Partnerships
Sassen, Saskia, Chapter 3, New Inequalities Among
Cities, in Cities in a World Economy, Thousand Oaks, Pine Forge Press,
1994, pp. 29-52.
Text: Chapter 28 (Rodriguez)
suggested
Text: Chapter 37 and 21
Session
27 What Have We
Learned about the City and Social/Professional Action?
Text: 35 (Chaffers)
suggested
Sudjic, Deyan, The Developer at Work, in 100 Mile City, Harcourt Brace: 1992, pp.33-55