MIDDLE EAST CONFLICTS

Middle East Conflicts

Dr. Raymond Tanter
Political Science 353 and 498
Compiled by Grace York

Frames Index | No-Frames Version

Last updated on November 18, 2008
Official Course Information

UMich Only Web Links Available from Campus Ethernet Workstations and via Modem Using 489-2222

Books and Articles

Books and Articles [Web and Library]

Connect to MIRLYN
MCAT lists books within the University of Michigan Library system.
Useful subject headings include:
- Arab Countries--Politics and Government--1945-
- Islam and State
- Judaism and State
- Middle East--Politics and Government--1945-
- Jewish Arab Relations
- Persian Gulf War 1991
- West Bank

Periodical Indexes

America: History and Life (UMich Only)
- Index and abstracts of 2000 journals in U.S. and Canadian history
- Includes U.S. foreign policy towards the Middle East
Historical Abstracts (UMich Only)
- Indexes 2000 journals on world history since 1450 (excluding U.S. and Canadian)
International Political Science Abstracts, 1989+ (UMich Only)
- Index to scholarly political science journal articles in Western European languages
- Choose IPSA from the menu first; go to the next screen before searching
- Sample search: Russia near (Kosovo or Yugoslavia)
- Searches may be recombined
- Data includes author, title, journal, and abstract in English if the article is in English
- If the article is in another language, the title is translated into English but the abstract is in French
Public Affairs Information Service Bulletin (UMich Only)
- Subject index to books, articles, and government documents on politics and economics since 1972 in Western European languages
- Government documents include United States, United Nations, League of Nations, and State Governments
- Among the useful subject headings in PAIS:
  - Irani-Iraqi War
  - Palestinian Arabs
  - Chemical Warfare
  - Kuwait--Invasion 1990
- Sample Keyword Searches:
  - k=judaism and arab adj israeli
  - k=(jew? or juda?) and palestinian
- There are also paper versions (English, 1915+, Z 7163 .P98 and foreign, 1968+, Z 7164 .E2 P96)
Social Sciences Citation Index 1956- (UMich Only)
- Indexes current periodical articles by author, title/keyword, journal, and author's affiliation
- Indexes cited authors by name, abbreviated title of book/journal and year
- Results provide cross references between the cited author, the citating author, and related items
- Data base also includes the Arts and Humanities and Sciences Citation Indexes
- Social Sciences Citation Index Examples
- Connect to MIRLYN to identify library location and call number of book or article
Worldwide Political Science Abstracts (UMich Only)
- Citations, abstracts, and indexing of the international serials literature since 1975
- Political science and complementary fields, including international relations, law, and public administration/policy
- Indexes foreign language journals and translates the title into English

Periodicals [Web]

American Political Science Review
- American Political Science Review, 1906-2000 (UMich Only)
  - Full text of the periodical digitized at UMich through a Mellon grant
  - Searchable by keyword and field or browsable by issue
  - Printing and downloading requires Adobe Acrobat or application/tifflist; contact jstor-info@umich.edu for further information
- American Political Science Review, 1988+ (UMich Only)
  - Premier periodical of the American Political Science Association
  - Full text available through ProQuest subscription
Columbia International Affairs Online (UMich Only)
- Search engine indexes current world politics journals, books, conference proceedings, and think tank working papers
- Full text primarily of working papers
Congressional Quarterly (UMich Only)
- Weekly publication with non-partisan political analysis of Congress
- Identifies major legislation, the issues, and players
- Roll call votes
- Political party and election analysis
- Web coverage begins in 1983 and is searchable
Foreign Affairs
- Summaries of articles in current issue and full text of lead article
- Contents searchable by author, subject, and issue since 1988 but full text not provided
- The printed copy of the periodical is located in the Graduate Library stacks (JX 1 .F78) with current issues in Serials Services
International Affairs Periodicals (Elizabethtown College)
- Numerous English-language periodicals on international affairs and foreign relations
- Most include the text of the current issue only
International Studies Quarterly
- Scholarly journal of the International Studies Association
- Lists contents of current and forthcoming issue but does not provide the text of articles
Jihad v. McWorld
- Article by Benjamin Barber appearing in the Atlantic Monthly, March 1992
- Discusses tension between tribalism and globalism
Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs
- Full text articles from the Jerusalem Letter and additional policy papers
- Primarily on regional relations, US-Israeli relations, economics, and human rights
JSTOR (UMich Only)
- Full text of major 20th Century historical and economic periodicals as well as the American Political Science Review through 1995 and World Politics, 1948-94
- Most periodicals available from 1900-90
- Index approaches by keyword, author, title, periodical
- Printing and downloading requires application/tifflist or Adobe Acrobat
Middle East Review of International Affairs (MERIA)
- Journal provides numerous articles on Middle East issues and current contents lists from other journals
- U.S. Middle East Policy Database provides extensive annual summaries of U.S. foreign policy, 1980+
- Links to news, facts, and countries in the Middle East as well as a global calendar of events
Online Middle East Net Assessment Reports (Center for Strategic and International Studies)
- Short reports on demographic, economic and military trends within various regions of the Middle East
- Full text in pdf format
ProQuest (UMich Only)
- Indexes some 2300 journal articles in all fields since the 1980s and provides the full text of many since the late 1990s
- Includes popular and scholarly titles, such as Comparative Politics, Governing, International Political Science Review, The Journal of Conflict Resolution, and World Politics
- Journals indexed by author, title, keyword, periodical, and date
- Articles may be marked for downloading
- Text in HTML and image formats
- Journals List
World Politics
- World Politics, 1948-94 (UMich Only)
  - Full text converted by the JSTOR project
  - Searchable by author, title, and keyword
  - Full text can be printed or downloaded using Adobe Acrobat or tifflist
- World Politics, April 1996+
  - Full text of periodical with search engine
  - Part of University of Michigan networked subscription to Project Muse

News Sources

World Wide Web - Foreign

Comprehensive

Academic Universe/Lexis (UMich Only)
- Full text of newspapers from around the world in English translation for last several years
- Choose General News from main screen
  - May choose all newspapers from a region of the world; you can click on sources to determine what is covered for each region
- Sample Search
Newslink
- Lists online newspapers by state and foreign country
- Includes foreign language papers

Regional Sources

Arabic Media Internet Network
- Extensive links to on-line news media from Arab countries
- Texts in English or Arabic
British Broadcasting Corporation
- Text of news, culture, science, and children's programs, primarily beginning 1996
- News screen only lists current programs; use the SEARCH key to access the archives
Eurasia News [Web]
- Current week's news on the Baltic countries, Central Europe, Iran andIraq
- Also includes Eurasia Research Center has occasional papers and archived news
International Broadcasting (VOA)
- Links to foreign broadcasting web sites
International Network Information Centers (University of Texas) [Web]
- Sections on Asia, Latin America, the Middle East, and Russia/Eastern Europe
- Considerable background information on individual countries
- Includes references to discussion and newsgroups
Iran Weekly Press Digest
- Internal, economic, and foreign affairs news summary since January 18, 1997
Israel (Mario's Cyberspace Station)
- Links to Israeli government agencies
- Current and historical U.S. and Israeli sources of information
- Emphasis on news sources and Arab-Israeli Conflict
Jerusalem Post (Internet Edition)
- Full text of current edition
Jordan Times
- Last week of political and economic news
Voice of America [Web]
- U.S. Information Agency radio broadcasts throughout the world
World News Connection (UMich Only)
- Full text of foreign news broadcasts and press releases translated into English beginning November 1994
- Searchable by keyword, region and subject, or Boolean logic and modified by date
- Available to University of Michigan IP addresses
- World News Connection Guide
- Continues the Foreign Broadcast Information Service

World Wide Web - United States

Academic Universe/Lexis (UMich Only)
- Full text of newspapers from major U.S. cities and well as those from around the world
- Choose General News from main screen
  - May choose all newspapers from a region of the world, a region of the United States, or major papers; you can click on sources to determine what is covered for each region
- Sample Search
Cable News Network (CNN)
- News stories on current political issues, often with the full-text of relevant documents
- Recent material and election coverage archived in subject groups
- Summaries or full text of recent CNN political programs
Christian Science Monitor
- Daily newspaper with the full text of lead articles (U.S., international, cultural, crossword)
- Archive back to 1980 searchable by subject and available from pulldown menu
MSNBC
- Current news, weather, and sports
- Features real-time and multimedia presentations
- Use "Find" button in lefthand frames to search archive
- Maximized for Microsoft Internet Explorer
New York Times
- Full text of today's New York Times and a searchable archive
- Initial registration required
- Registration currently free in the U.S. but organization reserves the right to charge
Newslink
- Lists online newspapers by state and foreign country
- Includes foreign language papers
Washington Post
- Full text of current issue and searchable archive
- International section has news and web links to individual countries

Library

Foreign Broadcast Information Service, 1975-96 [Library]

Indexes foreign radio broadcasts and newswires translated into English
Approach by keyword, title, subject, and region
Once the translations are identified, you can find the text in the Serials/Microforms Room
Guide to FBIS

Continued by the World News Connection

INDEX CODE   SERIES NAME               FICHE #        YEARS COVERED 
                                       Call Number # 

AAP  *       Asia and the Pacific      Micro-F X211   1974-87
AFR  **      Africa (Sub-Sahara)       Micro-F X212   1987-96
                                        DT348.A24U529  current
EAS  *       East Asia                 Micro-F X211   1987-96
                                        DS1.U59A39     current
EEU          Eastern Europe            Micro-F X209   1974-96
                                        DR1.U58A239    current
LAT          Latin America             Micro-F X213   1974-96
MEA  **      Middle East and Africa    Micro-F X212   1974-87
NES  **      Near East and South Asia  Micro-F X212A  1987-96
                                        DS41.D14       current
PRC          China                     Micro-F X208   1974-96
                                        DS701.U529     current
SOA  ***     South Asia                Micro-F X215   1980-87
SOV  ***     Soviet Union              Micro-F X210   1974-91
             Central Eurasia           Micro-F X210   1991-present
USR  ****    Central Eurasia           Micro-F X210   1993-94
WEU          Western Europe            Micro-F X214   1974-96

______________________
*      In 1987 AAP (Asia and Pacific) series became EAS (East Asia)
**     In 1987, MEA (Middle East & Africa) dropped  Mid East & became
       AFR (Sub-Saharan Africa).  South Asia added it, becoming
       NES (Near East & South Asia).
***    In 1991, the Soviet Union Daily Report became the Central Eurasian
       Daily Report.  The mnemonic remains SOV.
****   In 1991, the index began covering JPRS reports on Political Affairs
       of the CIS, citing them as the Central Eurasian Report (USR).

Background on Subjects

Arab-Israeli Conflict [Web]

Arab-Israeli Conflict Documents (Israel Information Service)
- Outline of peace process since 1991 Madrid Conference
- Extensive links to treaties, speeches, letters, and background information
- Covers 1917-the past few weeks
Arab-Israeli Peace Related Documents
- Texts of the PLO-Israel Recognition and Palestinian-Israeli Declaration of Principles (1993)
- Gaza Strip/Jericho and Transfer of Power Agreements (1994)
- Palestinian-Israeli Interim Agreement (1995)
Hamas
- Hamas is the resistance movement to Israeli occupation of Palestine
- History of Palestine, assessment of Israeli intent, and news
International Policy Institute for Counter-Terrorism
- List of international terrorist organizations and data base of terrorist attacks since 1990
- Daily news and weekly articles
- Searchable index to both data and articles
Jewish Virtual Library
- Encyclopedic articles cover anti-semitism, biographies, Israel, and Middle East peace process, and Holocaust
- Statistics include Jewish population by country and U.S. state; war and Holocaust casualties, and the ethnic population of Israel
On-Line Middle East Net Assessment Reports (CSIS)
- Analytic reports on Middle East strategic issues: arms, economics, energy, demographics
- Studies arranged by region and country
- Adobe Acrobat (.pdf) format
Oslo Agreement
- Officially called the Israeli-Palestinian Declaration of Principles
Palestinian Society for the Protection of Human Rights and the Environment
- Description of the Palestinian Authority
- Drafts of the Palestinian Basic Law and Environmental Law
- Reports on human rights abuses by Israel and the Palestinian National Authority
Palestinian Refugee Research Net (McGill University)
- Statistics of Palestinian refugees by country
- Role of refugees in the peace process and links to official documents
- Additional research sources on the Internet
Palestinian Society for the Protection of Human Rights and the Environment
- Description of the Palestinian Authority
- Drafts of the Palestinian Basic Law and Environmental Law
- Reports on human rights abuses by Israel and the Palestinian National Authority
United Nations Information Center on the Question of Palestine
- United Nations, League of Nations, and miscellaneous documents on Palestine since 1922
- Includes press releases, General Assembly and Security Council debates and resolutions; numerous reports
- Searchable by date, authoring body, UN series number, and subject (Holy Places, Jerusalem, human rights, women, water, security, refugees)
Wye Agreement
- CNN Coverage
  - Background on the October 1998 summit between Yassir Arafat and Benjamin Netanyahu
  - Summary of the Wye (Maryland) agreement
  - Link to the Oslo Accords
- Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs
  - Primary documents on the peace process
  - Timeline and status of the Wye Agreement
- Wye Summit (State Department)
  - Text of October's Wye agreement and related press briefings

Conflict 2000 (Camp David, Violence)

Comprehensive News Sources
- Middle East Crisis (BBC)
  - Analysis of July's summit between Yasser Arafat and Ehud Barak at Camp David
  - Ensuing conflicts and ability of leaders to stop the violence
Clinton Peace Plan, 2000/2001
- President Clinton's Remarks
  - Speech to the Israel Policy Forum's Gala on January 7, 2001
  - Outlines his peace proposals
- Clinton Mid-East Peace Plan (BBC)
  - Clear description of plan
  - How Jerusalem would be divided
  - Israel should cede Gaza Strip and most of West Bank
Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs
- News and pictures of the violence
- Quotations from Israeli papers
- Separate section of the web site entitled Peace Process provides historic documents and speeches
Middle East Peace Summit Home Page (State Department)
- Official home page of the July 2000 summit
- List of delegations
- Press statements by various parties
- History of previous summits and major documents
Mitchell Report: Report of the Sharm El-Sheikh Factfinding Committee
- Causes of violence between Palestinians and Israelis since September 2000, when Ariel Sharon visited the Temple Mount
- Renewed call for peace talks
Palestinian National Authority
- Numerous articles and primary documents on the conflict
Sharm El-Sheikh Summit
- Held in Egypt beginning October 16, 2000
- Egyptian President Web Site
  - Selected press releases and remarks on the summit
- President Clinton's Remarks
Wye River Memorandum
- Text of 1998 agreement between the Israelis and Palestinians on dividing up the territory

Conflict 2002

Passover Massacre and Reaction
- Passover Massacre (Israeli Information Service)
  - List of the victims
  - Sharon's statements, Jerusalem Post reports, and reactions from world leaders
- Sharon Declaration: Arafat is Enemy of the State
President Bush
- President Bush's Call for Ceasefire
  - Speech announces dispatch of Secretary of State Powell to the Middle East
  - Calls for halt to suicide bombings and Israel's withdrawal from the West Bank
  - Made April 4, 2002
Saudi Peace Plan (BBC)
- Outline of plan recommended by Prince Abdullah of Saudi Arabia
- Calls for Israel's return of occupied territories in return from Israeli recognition by Arab states
- Detailed maps show the conflict area
- Beirut Declaration (BBC)
  - Summary of declaration made by the League of Arab States approving the Saudi peace plan
  - Made March 28, 2002
Sharon's Declaration of War (BBC)
- Ariel Sharon's brief speech to Israel declaring war on terrorism
- Speech made on March 31, 2002 after Haifa suicide bombing
Tenet Plan
- Plan for a ceasefire so the Israelis and Palestinians can begin negotiations
- Effective June 13, 2001 but never happened
- Proposed by CIA Director George Tenet
- See also the Mitchell Report
United Nations Security Council
- S/Res.1402
  - Calls for Israel to withdraw from Palestine
  - Passed in an emergency session on March 30, 2002
  - Text not available on March 30 but this is the expected URL that should be available the week of April 1, 2002
  - Kofi Annan's Statement
- S/Res.1397
  - Calls for a separate Palestinian State
  - Passed on March 12, 2002

Hebron

Hebron Agreement (Palestine Facts)
- Brief history of the agreement
Jewish Community of Hebron
- News, maps, key officials, and culture
- Considerable audio and video coverage of the community

Iraqi Weapons Inspection

Background Information
- CIA's Secret War in Iraq (ABC News)
  - Historical background on the Central Intelligence Agency's attempt to remove Saddam Hussein from power
  - Sections on the White House, CIA, Kurds, Iraqi National Congress, the Accord, and Saddam Hussein
  - Numerous articles in the hotlinks
News Coverage
- BBC News
  - British analysis of military options
  - Issue dated February 13, 1998
- Cable News Network
  - Breaking coverage of developments
  - Archive of sources and links to related web sites
- IraqNet News Center
  - Links to local and international newspapers on Iraq
  - News may be in English, Arabic, or other languages
- PBS Online NewsHour
  - Interview with UN Ambassador Bill Richardson on November 12, 1997
- Washington Post International Special Report
  - Review of U.S. military strength and Iraqi germ missile sites
Iraq
- Ba'th Arab Socialist Party
  - Brief article in Encyclopedia of the Orient
- Iraq's Army Organization (CNN)
  - Description of army organization, forces, and equipment
  - U.S. and British military assets in the region
  - Data from Jane's World Armies
- Mission to the United Nations
  - Speeches and press releases by Saddam Hussein and UN Ambassador
  - Includes statement on Security Council Resolution 1134
  - Somewhat disabled after February 2003
Iraqi National Congress
- Web site supporting Iraqi opposition forces
- Lists suspected locations for weapons of mass destruction and names the countries which contributed to them
- Pictures of suspected palaces
- News and cultural information
United Nations
- Diplomatic Agreement
  - Memorandum of Understanding
    - Memorandum of understanding between the United Nations and Iraq on weapons inspection dated February 23, 1998
  - Press Conference (Annan/Aziz)
    - Unofficial transcript of press conference with UN Secretary General Kofi Annan and Iraq Deputy Prime Minister Tariq Aziz on Memorandum of Understanding
    - Press conference on February 23, 1998
  - Secretary General's Mission to Iraq
    - Includes items in this section and additional news
  - Security Council Resolution 1154
    - Resolution affirms Secretary General's Memorandum of Understanding
    - Promises severest consequences if Saddam Hussein does not comply with inspection agreement
    - Passed on March 2, 1998
  - UN News Story
    - Press release dated February 22, 1998 about diplomatic agreement between Kofi Annan and Saddam Hussein on weapons inspection
- Security Council
  - Security Council
    - Security Council resolutions since 1974 with searchable interface since 1994
    - Also includes press releases and Presidential statements
  - Iraq 986
    - Security Council Resolution 986 (1995)
    - Establishes oil for food program
  - Security Council Resolution 1134
    - Resolution insisting Iraq allow its Special Commission to investigate nuclear sites
    - Resolution dated October 23, 1997
  - Security Council Resolution 1137
    - Condemns Iraq's continuing refusal to allow U.S. weapons inspectors
    - Dated November 12, 1997
- United Nations Web Site
  - For additional coverage
  - Search as iraq weapons inspection and specify the field as all words
- United Nations Special Commission
  - Mandate and membership
  - General Assembly and Security Council resolutions relating to UNSCOM
  - Various reports on weapons inspection
  - Latest semi-annual report
United States
- Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs (State Department)
  - Links to press releases and country reports assessing human rights and foreign policy
- Congressional Research Service
  - April 1998 report on current Iraqi chemical and biological weapons capability
  - Includes intelligence reports and discrepancies of information
- Department of Defense
  - Iraq's chemical weapons capability
  - Archived articles, press releases, and transcripts of Defense Department officials
- State Department Press Briefing
  - Press briefing by James Rubin on October 29 about the seriousness of the situation
- United States Information Agency
  - Bush Administration policy toward Iraq
  - Clinton years have been removed from the web site
United States Military Plans - February 1998
- CNN Coverage of Town Meeting
  - Officials explain Iraq policy at Ohio State University on February 18
  - Audio coverage of questions and answers
  - News story and reaction
- Congressional Bills
  - H.R. 3208 (Paul) against using Defense Department appropriations for attack
  - H.Con.Res. 226 (Bartlett) prohibits attack unless authorized by law
  - S.Con.Res. 71 (Lott) condemns Iraq for threatening peace
  - H.Res. 322 (Lantos) expresses sense of Congress that U.S. should act
  - S.Con.Res. 76 (Murkowski) enforces embargo
  - S. Res. 179 (Specter) condemns Saddam Hussein as a war criminal
  - Iraq Liberation Act
    - Provides up to $97 Million in funding to support a transition government in Iraq
    - H.R. 4655, Public Law 105-338 (signed Oct. 31, 1998)
  - Search THOMAS for the text, summary, and status of these bills as well as links to speeches in the Congressional Record
- President Clinton's Pentagon Speech (AllPolitics)
  - Text of President Clinton's speech to Pentagon officials on February 17, 1998
  - Outlines reasons for a proposed military strike
- Washington Post/ABC Poll
  - Poll taken February 17-18, 1998
  - Public support for military options given various conditions
United States Military Plans - November 1998
- Letter from Tariq Aziz
  - Letter dated November 14 offering compliance
  - Includes two-page addendum with additional recommendations
- Letter from Nizar Hamdoon
  - Letter from Iraqi ambassador to UN dated November 14, 1998
  - Reaffirms full compliance with weapons inspection
- President Clinton's Address to Nation
  - November 15th address suspending planned military action against Iraq
  - Call for new government
United States Military Plans - December (Desert Fox)
- CNN Special
  - On-going coverage, including biographies, timelines, description of weapons, background on biological and chemical weapons
- Crisis in Iraq (State Department)
  - Description of weapons of mass destruction
  - Links to human rights reports, travel advisories
- Defense Department
  - Press briefing on December 19, 1998 describing the results of Operation Desert Fox
  - Given by Secretary William Cohen
- President Clinton's Address of the Nation
  - Address announcing missile attack on Iraq
  - Given at 6 p.m., December 16, 1998
- President's Statement Ending Operation Desert Fox
  - Statement made at 6p.m. on December 19
- UNSCOM
  - Reports of UN inspection team in Iraq
  - As of December 16, does not include Richard Butler's December 15th report citing non-cooperation
- Washington Post Coverage
  - U.S. military equipment and bombing targets
  - Description of Richard Butler's December 15th report describing Iraq's non-cooperation
- Iraqi Reaction
  - Saddam Hussein's Address of the Nation (December 17, 1998)
- Foreign Reaction
  - Russian President (December 17, 1998)
- US Reaction
  - Arab-American Groups Condemn Attack; Public Reaction Mixed (CNN)
  - House Resolution 612
    - Expresses support for US troops near Iraq
    - House Resolution 612 (full text)
    - Roll Call Vote
  - Public Opinion Poll (CNN/USA Today/Gallup, 12/16/98)

Peace and Conflict Networks [Web]

Foreign Affairs Online (University of Virginia)
- Comprehensive annotated guide to foreign relations from a U.S. perspective
- General reference sources, U.S., foreign, IGO and NGO web sites
- One of the best lists of UN related organizations
- History and focus of international relations think tanks
International Relations and Security Network [Web]
- Comprehensive site for peace, security, and defense issues
- Approach by subject or country
- Sponsored by the Center for Security Studies and Conflict Research
PeaceNet [Web]
- Subject approach to peace and environmental issues
Strategic Intelligence (Loyola)
- Links to U.S. intelligence and military intelligence web pages as well as selected web pages of foreign countries
- Selected declassified documents and journal articles from Covert Action Quarterly

Peace Plan 2003

Roadmap to Peace
- Outlines three phases to create a separate Palestinian state and stop the violence between the Palestinians and Israelis
- Phase I (through May 2003) involves infrastructure for a Palestinian state, renunciation of violence, and the disassembly of Israeli settlements in Palestine after March 2001
- Phase II (June-Dec. 2003) requires the establishment of provisional borders for Palestine
- Phase III (2004-2005) requires final establishment of Palestinian state and cessation of conflict
- Released by State Department on April 30, 2003

Rabin Assassination [Web]

Israel Information Service
- Use search engine: rabin and assassination
- Immediate announcement of assassination on November 4, 1995
- Last speech; subsequent investigations
Israel Line
- Search archive for 1995 for press coverage
President Clinton's Eulogy
Yitzhak Rabin's Last Speech

Religion [Web]

Humanities Text Initiative (UMich)
- Searchable text of the Koran and Bible
Islamic Texts and Resources Metapage (SUNY-Buffalo)
- Links to various versions of the Qur'an
- Pamphlets on Islamic concepts and frequently-asked questions
- Muslim history and civilization
Judaism and Jewish Resources
- Extensive annotated links to Jewish Studies, Jewish Communites, and the Holocaust
- Includes organizations, discussion groups, museums, and libraries
Additional Resources
- Area Studies
  - Links to Middle East culture as well as politics
- Books
  - Find books on religion and state through MIRLYN
- JSTOR
  - Search for the full text of historical and political science periodical articles on religion and state
- Periodical Indexes
  - Use MIRLYN or Historical Abstracts to identify articles on religion and state
- Religious Resources on the Internet (UMich)
  - Annotated resources on all religions
  - Prepared by Bryan Skib of UMich Library staff

Internet Search Engines [Web]

Altavista
- Keyword index to the contents of web pages
Excite
- Extremely fast index to the contents of web pages
Google [Web]
- Most popular search engine
- Ranks results by number of other web sites pointing to the page
Lycos [Web]
- Keyword index to Internet sites
- Example: economic and sanctions
WebCrawler Search [Web]
- Another popular search engine
Yahoo [Web]
- Comprehensive classified subject list of world-wide web sites

United Nations Publications

Background Information | Types of Printed Documents | Web Sites

Background Information [Library]

United Nations Yearbook [Library]
- Doc.Cen JX 1976 .A1 U64--UN Ref.
- Most complete summary of United Nations activities with citations to or reprints of the most important United Nations documents
UN Chronicle [Library]
- Doc.Cen. JX 1977.A1 U6--UN Ref.
- Quarterly summary of major issues before the United Nations
- Includes selected citations to UN documents but seldom reprints
A Global Agenda: Issues before the UN General Assembly [Library]
- Summary of agenda items with citations to relevant documents
- Doc.Cen. JX 1977 .A1 U54-Ref.

Types of United Nations Documents

Official Records

Document	Definition	Index	Full Text
Official Records	Debates	Access UN*, 1946+ UN Speech Index, 1983+	Access UN, 1990+ if vote UNODS, 1992+ (password in DocCen) DocCen in paper and fiche
Resolutions	Legislation	*Access UN, 1946+**	Access UN, 1990+ UNODS, 1946+ (password in DocCen) UN Web Site --GA, 1981+ --SC, 1974+ DocCen in paper and fiche
Voting Records	Country Votes on Resolutions	Voting Records --SC, 1946+ --GA, 1983+	Voting Records --Security Council, 1946+ --General Assembly, 1983+
Mimeographed (Masthead)	Letters and Drafts	*Access UN, 1946+**	UN Web Site, some, 1990+ UNODS*, 1992+ (password in DocCen) DocCen in paper and fiche

*Campus-Licensed Web Site

Definition
- Texts of General Assembly, Security Council, and Economic and Social Council proceedings
- Includes speeches by delegates and resolutions
- Each set has own index by subject and country for each year
- Identify UN series number (e.g. A/45/PV.12, S/RES/242) and ask at Documents Desk for assistance in locating paper copy or microfiche
- Example of General Assembly Index
Indexes
- Access UN (UMich Only)
  - Index to United Nations documents issued since 1946
  - Searches may be defined by author, country, type of document (official record, sales publication), subject, title, text, and date
  - Provides citations to United Nations microfiche and paper records located in the Documents Center
  - Includes the full text of General Assembly plenary meetings (A/PV) since 1993 (48th session) and its committees (e.g. A/C.2/46/SR.1) since the 45th session, 1990, when they contain voting records
Debates in Full Text
- Access UN (UMich Only)
  - Includes the full text of General Assembly plenary meetings (A/PV) since 1993 (48th session) and its committees (e.g. A/C.2/46/SR.1) since the 45th session, 1990
- Full text of earlier years for General Assembly and full text of current Security Council debates in paper and on microfiche in the Documents Center
- Location Guide for current United Nations Official Records
- Text of Security Council debates for 1967 and 1974 currently only available on microprint
Resolutions in Full Text
United Nations Speech Index
- Indexes speeches in the General Assembly, Economic and Social Council, Security Council and Trusteeship Council since 1983
- Index by country or keyword
- Sample search by country, subject and session:
- Data includes speaker, country, subject, date, record number, and agenda item number
- Does not link to the full text of document
- Speeches are also indexed since 1948 in Access UN (UMich Only)
United Nations Voting Records
- Country voting records on Security Council resolutions since 1946 and General Assembly resolutions since the 38th Session (1983) with a possible one-year time delay
- Searchable by resolution number or keyword
- Data includes votes name of resolution, resolution number, agenda item number, and voting records for individual countries
- Note: the arrangement is by resolution rather by country
- Additional Sources of UN Voting Records
  - United Nations Roll Call Data, 1946-1985 covers General Assembly; in SPSS format; ICPSR membership only
  - Nations on Record (Doc. Cen. JX 1977.8 .V6 N28) has General Assembly roll call charts, 1945-86
  - General Assembly Sessional Index, 1975+ (in Documents Center UN Collection) and Security Council Sessional Index, 1976+ (in Documents Center UN Collection) have similar charts

Mimeographed publications

Definition
- Draft letters and resolutions submitted by delegates to UN
Index
- Access UN (UMich Only)
  - Index to United Nations documents issued since 1948
  - Searches may be defined by author, country, type of document (official record, sales publication), subject, title, text, and date
  - Provides citations to United Nations microfiche and paper records located in the Documents Center
  - Includes the full text of General Assembly plenary meetings (A/PV) since 1993 (48th session) and its committees (e.g. A/C.2/46/SR.1) since the 45th session, 1990
- CD-ROM Index to United Nations Publications
  - Indexes all mimeographed publications and Official Records beginning 1971
  - Level 1 is a keyword index (e.g. China and "human rights")
  - Level 2 permits field limitations by subject, date, country author and type of document
  - Guide to the Readex CD-ROM
Full Text of Mimeographed Publications
- Many but not all are located on the United Nations Web Site
- Full text in microfiche or paper in the Documents Center

United Nations Web Sites

United Nations Web Site
- Basic information on the United Nations (history, charter, member countries)
- Press releases, daily highlights
- General Assembly, ECOSOC, and Security Council publications and resolutions
- Does NOT include debates; see paper copy in Documents Center
- Indexed by keyword and type of document
- Major conference documents, catalog of UN sales publications, audio-visual material
United Nations Information System on the Question of Palestine
- Full text of letters, mimeographed (masthead) documents, reports, resolutions, UN Yearbook articles, and debate transcripts in the General Assembly and Security Council
- League of Nations is the source for 1917-39; United Nations is the source, 1945 to present
- Main access point is chronological with supplement access by UN series symbol, type of document, title, and subject
- Keyword searching requires a password currently not available through the library
United Nations System
- Includes the texts of UN resolutions (indexed) nd press releases from international conferences
- Considerable information on developing countries
- Web sites of the various UN departments, affiliated agencies, and conferences
United Nations Scholars' Workstation (Yale University)
- Subject index to web sites with United Nations information
- Links to numeric data sites
- Excellent research guide to United Nations information
- Academic information about Yale's UN Studies program and Yale Library resources

Additional International Agencies [Web]

Comprehensive annotated list of international organization web sites

Country Background Information

Area Studies

Arab Net
- Overview, history, business, cultural, government, and tour information for each Arab country
- Government information includes summaries of the national structure, foreign policy, education, health, and the military
- News in Arabic and links to related web sites
International Affairs Network (University of Pittsburgh)
- International organization web sites
- International affairs research organizations
- International affairs periodicals
- Foreign news sources
International Network Information Centers (University of Texas)
- Sections on Asia, Latin America, the Middle East, and Russia/Eastern Europe
- Considerable background information on individual countries
- Includes references to discussion and newsgroups
Middle East/North Africa Resource Guide
- Comprehensive guide to internet resources for the Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia
- Resources arranged by country and by academic discipline (anthropology, economics, history, religion, sociology)
- Links include country home pages, discussion lists, and homepages of foreign students residing in the U.S.
Model League of Arab States
- Excellent guide to members of the Arab League and related states
- Considerable information about individual countries
- Background information on the League
- Information about Model League of Arab Nations simulations
Near East Division (University of Michigan Library)
- Links to major Near East studies centers, professional organizations, and news sources
- Description of the University of Michigan Near East Collection
Russian and East European Studies (University of Pittsburgh)
- Links to national homepages
- Additional links to discipline-based (e.g. government, economics) web sites and type of resource (e.g. software, discussion group)

Background Information

World Wide Web

Academic Universe/Lexis (UMich Only)
- Country Profiles includes statistics, background information, and biographies
Arab Net
- Overview, history, business, cultural, government, and tour information for each Arab country
- Government information includes summaries of the national structure, foreign policy, education, health, and the military
- News in Arabic and links to related web sites
Army Area Handbooks [Web]
- Detailed description of a country's culture, economy, and foreign policy
- Seventy-one countries included
- Additional countries may be found by searching MIRLYN: k={name of country} and country adj study.ti. [Web and Library]
- Renamed Country Studies
Background Notes on Countries of the World (U.S. State Dept.) [Web]
- Summarizes a country's history, economy, and foreign policy
- Updated on a staggered basis every few years
- The latest edition of the paper copy is in the Map Library as G59.U58
CIA World Factbook
- Brief information about a country's population, ethnicity, politics, and economics
- The corresponding paper copy is in Doc.Cen. G 122 .U56--Doc.Ref. [Library]
Encyclopedia of the Orient [Web]
- Multimedia encyclopedia of the Middle East and North Africa from ancient times to the present
- Identifies people, places, and events with hotlinks and maps
- Country descriptions include the populations of major cities
Middle East/North Africa Resource Guide
- Comprehensive guide to internet resources for the Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia
- Resources arranged by country and by academic discipline (anthropology, economics, history, religion, sociology)
- Links include country home pages, discussion lists, and homepages of foreign students residing in the U.S.
Mideast Web Gateway
- Detailed current maps of the Middle East and broad historic maps spanning thousands of years
- Historic peace documents
- Brief economic, demographic and health data for Middle East countries
Model League of Arab States [Web]
- Excellent links to Internet information for League members and related countries in the Near East
State Department Travel Advisories [Web]
- Includes health, crime, potential conflict, and embassy information for travellers
- Revised periodically as needed

Library

Europa World Yearbook [Library]
- Current political history of country, directory of officials, selected economic and social statistics
- The first section of Volume 1 summarizes the structure and activities of international organizations
- GL Info. Center, UGL Ref. Desk and Doc. Desk--Ready Reference: D 2 .E92
Middle East and North Africa [Library]
- Extensive political and economic history of individual countries in the region
- Directory of officials
- Selected economic and social statistics
- GL Info. Center and UGL Ref. Desk (DS 49 .M63)

Biographies

World Wide Web

Specific Biographies
- Profile Group 1 (PS 353) and Profile Group 2 (PS 353)
  - One page summary of the opinions of key players in the Arab-Israeli Conflict as well as biographical information
  - Profiles prepared by the Winter 1996 class
- Madeleine Albright (US Secy. of State, 1997-2001)
- Kofi Annan (UN Secretary General)
- Yasser Arafat (Palestinian National Authority President)
- Ehud Barak (Israeli Prime Minister, 1999-2001)
- William Cohen (U.S. Defense Secretary, 1997-2001)
- John C. Danforth (US Ambassador to UN, 2004-)
- Richard Holbrooke (US Ambassador to UN, 1999-2001)
- Abdullah Hussein (Jordan Regent King)
- Abu Mazen (Mahmoud Abbas) (Prime Minister, Palestine, 2003+ )
  - Prime minister of Palestine sworn into office on April 30, 2003
  - Biography (Jewish Virtual Library)
- John Negroponte (UN Ambassador, 2001-)
  - Biography (All Politics)
  - Biography (Washington Post, 3-6-01)
- Benjamin Netanyahu (Israeli Prime Minister, 1996-99)
- Colin Powell (US Secretary of State, 2001-)
- Donald Rumsfeld (US Secretary of Defense, 2001-)
- Ariel Sharon (Israeli Prime Minister Elect, 2001- )
Arabic Names
- May be transliterated in several different ways
- Check under variant spellings, for example:
  - Ghali, Butros Butros = Boutros-Ghali, Boutros
  - Frij, Elias = Frayj, Ilyas
  - Berri, Nabih = Birri, Nabih
Academic Universe (UMich Only)
- Biographies provides a searchable interface for numerous biographical articles
- General News may have articles for those not covered in the Biographies section
British Prime Minister
- Biographies of previous prime ministers and current cabinet officials
- Prime Minister's speeches, interviews, and press releases
Chiefs of State and Cabinet Ministers [Web]
- Quarterly directory on names of officials in foreign countries
- Paper version is: JF 37 .A3 U53 with latest edition in Reference
Congress (UMich)
- Numerous directories of Congress and its committees
- Includes biographies, lobby group ratings and roll call votes
Foreign Governments on the Web (UMich) [Web]
- Annotated list of foreign government web sites with focus on index sites and those related to foreign affairs
- Some have biographies of government officials
- Many in English language
Political Leaders, 1945- (Univ. of the Basque Country)
- Lists rulers of individual countries, 1945 to the present
- Arranged by country with the name, office, dates of term, regime (civilian/military) or party membership
Political Obituary (Univ. of the Basque Country)
- Brief death notices for major political leaders throughout the world
- Arranged by year and month, 1990 to present
Wilson Biographies (UMich Only)
- Full text biographies of 38,000 historical and current figures.
- Searchable by subject, name, profession, birthday, place of origin, gender, and ethnicity
World News Connection (UMich Only)
- Full text of foreign news broadcasts and press releases translated into English beginning November 1994
- Searchable by keyword, region and subject, or Boolean logic and modified by date
- Available to University of Michigan IP addresses
- World News Connection Guide
- Continues the Foreign Broadcast Information Service

Library

Biographical Indexes [Library]
- Biography Index
  - Indexes biographies in periodical articles
  - GL Index Room and UGL Index Table: Z 5301 .W75 .A1
- Biography and Genealogy Master Index
  - Indexes numerous Who's Who publications
  - GL Information Center and UGL Index Table: Z 5305 .U5 B62
Biographical Dictionaries [Library]
- Federal Staff Directory
  - Standard biographies of Executive Branch officials
  - Doc.Cen. JK 723 .E9 F29-Ref. Desk
- International Who's Who
  - GL Information Center and UGL Ref. CT 103.I63
- International Yearbook and Statesman's Who's Who
  - Info. Center Desk JA 51.I6
- Politics in America
  - Political biograpies of Congressional Members
  - Doc.Cen. JK 1010.P76-Ref.)
- Who's Who in the Arab World
  - Info. Center Desk CT 1890 .W63
- Who's Who in the World
  - GL Information Center and UGL Ref. CT 120 .W66

Economics

World Wide Web

Agency for International Development Funding Request [Web]
- Arranged by country with economic information about country included in rational for development funding request
Country Commercial Guides (State Dept)
- Economic and political factors for U.S. citizens exporting to various countries
- Includes laws, contacts, key imports and exports
- Country Commercial Guides, 2002+
Country Economic Policy and Trade Practices (U.S. State Department) [Web]
- Evaluation of each country's economic policy for the past five years
- Includes basic statistics for past three years
Human Development Report (UNDP)
- Web version summarizes regional and country statistics on economic, social, and educational development
- Each annual version focuses on an individual topic
  - 1995 issue addressed gender equality
  - 1997 issue carried poverty statistics by country with additional data on life expectancy, literacy, and per capita gross domestic product
- The current issue is located at the above URL; highlights of previous issues through the index on the same page
- Paper copy (Doc. Cen. HD 72 .H92) carries murder, rape, drug crime, and prisoner statistics for selected industrialized countries appear in the statistical appendix
International Population Data Base (Census Bureau)
- Summary vital statistics data for all countries, 1996 and 2000 as well as mid-year estimates, 1950-2020
- Additional data on marital status, ethnic origin, religion, literacy, labor force, income and poverty
Statistical Universe (UMich Only)
- Indexes and abstracts federal government statistics since 1974, business, association and state government data (1980+) and international agencies (1983+)
- Delimiters include Boolean operators and numerous proximity indicators, frequency, and comparative data (by city, by foreign country, by age, by disease)
  - Sample Search: gdp w/10 quarterly and by foreign country
- About 15% of the abstracts link to full text
- For items not hot-linked:
  - Write down abstract number (e.g. ASI 1997 9391-7) and bring to the Documents Center for the microfiche version
  - Consult Statistical Universe Guide for various web searching alternatives
Statistical Web Sites (UMich) [Web]
- Federal and international Internet sites for economic, demographic, and other statistical data

Library

Europa World Yearbook [Library]
- Current political history of country, directory of officials, selected economic and social statistics
- The first section of Volume 1 summarizes the structure and activities of international organizations
- Info.Cen. Desk and Doc. Desk--Ready Reference: D 2 .E92
United Nations Demographic Yearbook [Library]
- Age, race, sex, marital status, and mortality statistics for individual countries
- Each issue has a special focus topic
- UGL Ref. Desk and Doc.Cen.--Stat.Ref. HB 881 .A2 U5)
United Nations Monthly Bulletin of Statistics
- Times series of unemployment, consumer prices, energy, exchange rates, population, and transportation for individual countries
- Doc.Cen. HC 57 .A1 M79 - Stat.Ref.
United Nations Statistical Yearbook [Library]
- Various time series of economic data for individual countries
- Includes six rouge countries and former Yugoslavia
- Doc.Cen. HC 58 .U58 with current in Stat.Ref.
World Development Report [Library]
- Summary of international economic developments in previous year
- Various economic data for individual low, middle and high income countries
- Doc.Cen. HC 59.7 .A1 W93 with most current in Stat.Ref.
World Tables (World Bank) [Library]
- Economic and socioeconomic indicators for 161 countries, 1972-92
- Available in paper copy (GL Info Center, UGL Ref., and Doc.Cen. Stat. Ref. HC 59 .W897
Yearbook of International Trade Statistics [Library]
- Arranged by country with exports/imports by either commodity or trading partner
- HF 92 .U48 with current edition in Reference
- Commodity Trade Statistics [Library] (Doc.Cen. HA 13 .U54) provides trade data for by country and commodity; ask at Documents Center for assistance

Human Rights

Amnesty International [Web]
- Annual country reports on human rights practices
- Access through Library/A-Z Index
Complete Guide to Palestine's Web Sites: Human Rights
- Annotated list of Palestinian web sites on various human rights issues with links
Country Human Rights Reports (State Department) [Web]
- Lengthy annual assessment of each country's human rights policy
- Paper copy issued as Congressional publication; use the Documents Center's Congressional Masterfile CD-ROM to identify call number

Laws and Treaties [Web]

International Constitutional Law
- Very current links to world constitutions on the web
- Also lists those countries without constitutions on the web
Middle East Peace Agreements
- Text of numerous peace agreements and accords
- Balfour Declaration (1917), establishment of Israel (1948), Camp David Accords (1978), the Hebron Agreements (1996-97)
Multilateral Treaties (Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy) [Web]
- Historical and current international conventions on arms control, environment, human rights and trade
- Approach by topic or date with keyword index
United Nations Treaty Data Base (UMich Only)
- Subject approach to international treaties deposited with the United Nations and League of Nations
- Searchable by subject, parties, type of agreement, date signed
- Text viewable page by page
- Alternatiff plug-in permits one to view the entire treaty at the same time
- The full texts of the treaties are also located in the printed United Nations Treaty Series (JX 170 .U54 with current in the Documents Center)

Maps

Historical Maps of Islam
- Maps cover Europe as well as the Middle East
- Several begin with 661 A.D.
Historical and Boundary Maps of Israel and the Arab World
- Most are maps of peace agreements
- Current maps also include distances between Israel and its neighbors
Historical Maps of the Middle East
- Maps of cities in the Middle East from the 19th and early 20th Centuries
- Most come from guidebooks written at the time
Historical Maps of the Middle East (ALMISBAH)
- Physical and boundary maps rated by quality
Maps of the Middle East (U.Tex)
- CIA maps of the Middle East and individual countries from the 1980s and 1990s
Mideast Web
- Detailed current maps of the Middle East and broad historic maps spanning thousands of years
- Historic peace documents
- Brief economic, demographic and health data for Middle East countries

Military Affairs

World Wide Web

Middle East Military Links (Ft. Leavenworth Foreign Military Studies Office)
- Unannotated links to information about military affairs in the Middle East
- Government agencies, news sources, RAND reports, private and university web sites
SIPRI Yearbook [Web and Library]
- Lengthy annual summaries of international military affairs, conflicts, and disarments
- Includes statistics and signatories to major treaties
- Paper copy: UA 17 .S12 with current in Doc.Cen.--Doc.Ref.
UN Peace-Keeping Operations
- World map identifies current and completed peacekeeping missions since 1948
- Data for each mission includes a description, dates, military strength, and the name of the primary military observer
- Separate sections of the web site include fatalities by type and mission, numbers of peacekeeping forces contributed by country, lessons learned from past missions, and the most current annual report
World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers (ACDA)
- Military expenditures, armed forces, GNP, and population for 172 countries, 1984-
- Arms transfers by supplier and recipient
- Summary of world military forces and arms transfers for various years, 1961 to present
- United States policy on arms control and export
- 1995 version in HTML format; 1996 version in Adobe Acrobat (PDF) format

Library

Defense and Foreign Affairs Handbook [Library}
- Army, navy and air force personnel and equipment
- Brief historical, political and economic information for each country
- Doc.Cen. Ref. and UGL Ref. UA 10 .D32)
Military Balance [Library]
- Annual publication with data on each country's army, navy, air force personnel and weapons
- Includes contributions to international peacekeeping forces
- UA 15 .L847 with current in Doc.Cen.--Stat.Ref.

Political Parties

Political Resources on the Net (Italy)
- Hundreds of links to parties, movements, elections, political organizations, government, and embassy web sites arranged by country
- Searchable by country or world region
- Middle East section includes related web sources

Country Foreign Policy

News Sources [Web and Library]

Full text of U.S. and foreign newspapers on the Internet
LEXIS
U.S. broadcasts to foreign countries
Translations of foreign newspapers by U.S. (FBIS/World News Connection)

Country Sources: Europe

European Union

Europa (European Commission)
- History, structure, program, activities, and directory of members
- Search by keywords (e.g. currency) for the full text of documents
European Parliament
- Description, powers, and organization of the Parliament
- List of committees and directories of Member offices
- Full text of speeches beginning October 1996 as well as publications adopted
- Committee schedules and press releases
European Union Basics (Roland Siebelink/Brussels)
- Descriptive guide to the EU and its policies in question-and-answer format
European Union Bibliography (UC-Berkeley)
- Extensive annotated research guide to EU bibliographies, citations, legislative sources, statistics, and other reference materials
- Includes printed, microfiche, CD-ROM, and Internet resources
European Union Internet Resources (UC-Berkeley)
- Links to Euorpean Union servers, documents, and country delegations

France Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Lengthy description of overall foreign policy
Special sections on defense, nuclear testing, and the European Union
Text in English with links to other languages

Germany

Embassy to the United States
- Cultural and statistical information
- Tracing German ancestors
- Government includes section on foreign policies such as Middle East, United Nations, and former Soviet Union
Permanent Mission to the United Nations

Greece

Ministry of Defense
- Text of military recruitment policy in English
- Defense policy in Greek only
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
- Extensive foreign bilateral and multilateral policy information
- Country description, business, and economics
Research Institute for European and American Studies
- News and articles on Hellenic and Mediterranean politics

Spain

Embassy in Canada
- Biographies of government officials and Royal Family
- Spanish Constitution
- Political, economic, and general information
Embassy to the United Nations
- Text of statements before the General Assembly
- Spanish policy documents on UN issues
- English and Spanish

United Kingdom

Foreign and Commonwealth Office
- Annual report and background briefs on British foreign policy
- Travel and consular advice
House of Commons
- Full text of debates, oral questions, and written answers beginning October 23, 1996 (Hansard's)
  - Searchable by keyword, speaker, type of document, and date
- Members, committees and officers of the House of Commons
House of Lords
- Full text of Hansard's House of Lords debates beginning June 10, 1996
- Members of the House, bills, committees, and officers
Mission to the United Nations
- Statements made to the General Assembly, 1997+, and Security Council
10 Downing Street
- Biographies of previous prime ministers and current cabinet officials
- Prime Minister's speeches, interviews, and press releases

Comprehensive

Arab Net
- Overview, history, business, cultural, government, and tour information for each Arab country
- Government information includes summaries of the national structure, foreign policy, education, health, and the military
- News in Arabic and links to related web sites
Asian Governments on the Web (Gunnar Anzinger)
- Comprehensive and updated list of government agencies and embassies
- Tabular index by country indicates number of entries and last update
Middle East/North Africa Resource Guide
- Comprehensive guide to internet resources for the Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia
- Resources arranged by country and by academic discipline (anthropology, economics, history, religion, sociology)
- Links include country home pages, discussion lists, and homepages of foreign students residing in the U.S.
Model League of Arab States
- Guide to members of the Arab League and related states
- Considerable information about individual countries
- Background information on the League
- Information about Model League of Arab Nations simulations

Algeria

Algeria Government
- Structure of government; links to government web sites
- Text of some parliamentary reports and documents
- French version but primary interface is in Arabic
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
- Text in French
Permanent Mission to the United Nations
- Text in English

Dubai

Primarily a tourist and business website
General Information has brief government, economic, population, and statistical data

Egypt

Ministry of Foreign Affairs
- Statements of foreign policy
- Text of treaties
- Press releases beginning 1998
President
- Mubarak press releases

Iran Mission to the United Nations

Text of statements made to the Security Council beginning 1994 and General Assembly beginning 1996
"Iran in United Nations Resolutions"
Includes links to Iranian news sources
Text in English

Iraq

Iraq Foundation
- News stories about Iraqi opposition groups
- Various reports on human rights abuses
- UN resolutions regarding Iraq
- Links to related web sites on Iraq
Mission to the United Nations
- Selected speeches and press releases
Model League of Arab States
- Background information, State Department reports, maps, membership in international organizations
- Speech by Saddam Hussein on anniversary of revolution
- Additional research materials

Israel

Comprehensive
- Israel (Mario's Cyberspace Station)
  - Links to Israeli government agencies
  - Current and historical U.S. and Israeli sources of information
  - Emphasis on news sources and Arab-Israeli Conflict
- Israel Elections (Political Resources)
  - List of web sites covering Israeli elections since 1996
  - Pictures of prime minister candidates
  - Links for the most current elections are more likely to work than those from previous years
Individual Agencies
- Central Bureau of Statistics
  - Text of the Statistical Abstract of Israel
  - Preliminary Census results with population and housing data by city
  - Economic, weather, health and price data
  - Text in English and Hebrew
- The KNESSET -The Parliament of Israel
  - Directories of members and committees
  - Arab-Israeli peace documents
  - Historical election statistics
  - Description of basic laws
  - English version does not have text of debates
- Ministry of Defense
  - Site primarily in Hebrew
  - Some press releases and special web pages in English
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs
  - Primary documents on the peace process
  - Timeline and status of the Wye Agreement
  - Facts about Israel
- Permanent Mission to the United Nations
  - Description of the United Nations issues regarding Israel and historic UN documents
  - Geopolitics and the countries with which Israel has diplomatic relations

Jordan

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
- Constitution, charter, peace treaty of Oct. 1994, and human rights documents
- English text
- Links to other Jordanian web sites
National Information Center
- Subject approach to Jordanian government, culture, business, environment, industry, and transportation
- Links to government agencies
- Text in English

Kuwait

Kuwait Ministry of Information
- Full text of Constitution and biographies of leaders
- Brief descriptions of the government, international relations policy, arts, and education
- News releases beginning October 1996
- Text in English
Permanent Mission to the United Nations
- Speeches before the United Nations
- Historical background on Kuwaiti issues at the UN
- Security Council resolutions related to Kuwait and voting records
- Conventions signed by Kuwait and information about the mission

Lebanon

Embassy in Washington
- News of Lebanon, including election and governmental news
- General, tourist, business, and consular information
- Statisical information
- Links to Lebanese websites
Human Rights in Lebanon 1997 (U.S. State Department)
- Description of national politics
- Details of various types of human rights abuses in previous year
Lebanese Foundation for Permanent Civil Peace
- Description of organization and its projects
- List of publications for sale
- English and French
Ordre Libanais Maronite
- Description of the Maronites and philosophy
- Text in French only

Libya

Permanent Mission to the United Nations
- Speeches since 2001
- Information on the Lockerbie settlement
Qaddafi
- English text of Qaddafi's Kitab al-Akhdar (Green Book)
- Theory of government and politics
- Historical information

Morocco

Official website of the Kingdom of Morocco
Link to the English text of the new Constitution

Palestine

Country of Palestine
- Extensive annotated links to business, companies, culture, education, history, politics, religion, and travel
- Links include a combination of local sources and those from other countries, including the U.S. government
- Numerous maps
Palestine National Authority
- Links to the Ministry of Information and the Central Bureau of Statistics
- Site is under construction
Palestinian Society for the Protection of Human Rights and the Environment
- Description of the Palestinian Authority
- Drafts of the Palestinian Basic Law and Environmental Law
- Reports on human rights abuses by Israel and the Palestinian National Authority
Complete Guide to Palestine's Websites
- Links to government services, election information, and human rights
- Includes educational institutions, media, personal home pages, and travel
PLO Negotiations Affairs Department
- Official body, led by Saeb Erekat, negotiating peace with the Israelis, 2008
- Text of numerous position papers
President
- Speeches, meetings, and documents of President Yasser Arafat beginning 2001

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia (Saudi Embassy to U.S.)
- Description of country, its religion, people, economy and resources
- Links to information about government officials and press releases
- Text in English
Saudi Arabia (U.S. Embassy to Saudi Arabia)
- Description of country, its religion, people, economy and resources
- Links to information about government officials and press releases
- Text in English
Saudi Arabia (ArabNet)
- Brief description of history, culture and government
- Business and tourism links

Syria

Syria
- Syrian culture, business, and travel
- Names of government officials
- From ArabNet
Ministry of Economy and Foreign Trade
- Trade agreements with other countries
Ministry of Information
- Agency supervises newspapers and telecommunications
- Web site includes some foreign policy issues, weather

Tunisia

Tunisie Site du Gouvernment
- Official site of the government of Tunisia
- In French
Tunisia (Arab Net)
- Description of history and political structure
- Primary economic and legal information
Tunisia Online
- Brief description of the government and its political parties
- Tunisia's history, society, culture, economics, and tourism
- Brief demographic and economic data

Turkey

Embassy to the United States
- Foreign policy statements, including the war on terrorism and deaths in Armenia
- Travel and tourism information
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
- Press releases and statements on Turkish foreign policy
- Government organization and structure
- Information on Turkish economics, politics society, and tourism
Permanent Mission to the United Nations
- Press releases and statements on earthquakes

United Arab Emirates

Federal National Council
- Description of Parliament, its committees and legislative powers
- Minutes from 1972 in Arabic only
Government of the United Arab Emirates
- Links to government ministries in English
- Government financial offers
Permanent Mission to the United Nations
- Letters, statements and press releases since 2001
United Arab Emirates
- Culture, geography, history, and tourism
- Biography of the President

Additional countries

Embassy World [Web]
- Arranged by country with links to their embassies throughout the world and foreign embassies to their own country
Foreign Governments (UMich) [Web]
- Annotated list of foreign index, foreign relations, and parliamentary web sites
Political Resources on the Net (Italy)
- Hundreds of links to parties, movements, elections, political organizations, government, and embassy web sites arranged by country
- Searchable by country or world region

United States Foreign Policy

Congress | Declassified Documents | Executive Branch
Laws | Regulations | Web Indexes

Web Indexes

United States Foreign Policy (UMich)
- Detailed guide to current and historical U.S. foreign policy
- Includes print, microform, and CD-ROM sources as well as web
- Archival information
Federal Agency Web Sites
- Cleancut alphabetical listing of federal agency web sites
- Includes search engine
FirstGov
- Official federal government gateway
- Consumer-oriented approach by citizen, business, and government
- Good keyword search engine for identifying current documents
Google Search Engine
- Web search engine devoted exclusively to sites with .gov and .mil extensions
- Excellent for federal policy papers

Declassified Documents

Declassified Documents Reference System (UMich)
- Full text of hundreds of Presidential, Congressional, and other federal government documents related to foreign and domestic affairs
- Indexed by author, subject, type of declassification
- Text in HTML or gif format
- Corresponding paper index located in the Documents Center (Doc.Cen. Z 1223 .Z7 D34) and microfiche in the Serials Room
- The retrospective fiche is MICRO-F397; the current fiche is MICRO-F X194
Digital National Security Archive (UMich Only)
- Full text of declassified federal documents issued during the Cold War period
- Many of the documents issued by the State Department, Defense Department, and Central Intelligence Agency
- Subjects include:

Afghanistan
Berlin Crisis
Cuban Missile Crisis
El Salvador

Intelligence Community
Iran-Contra Affair
Iranian Revolution
Military Uses of Space

Nicaragua
Nuclear Nonproliferation
Philippines
South Africa

Searchable by a combination of collection, subject, keyword, creator, recipient, classification, document type, and date
In searching a space ; space is equivalent to or; an and must be used in a different box
Example: nuclear ; atomic ; plutonium ; uranium [as keyword] - health [as subject]
Text in pdf or gif format

Declassified Documents and Other Sources for Secrets (Michigan State University)
- Descriptive background on document declassification
- Links to federal web sites with declassified material
- Annotated links to non-government web sites

Executive Branch

American Foreign Policy Index [Library]
- Detailed subject index to documents, articles, and press releases on foreign affairs from the Executive and Legislative Branches
- Quarterly and annual issues located in the Documents Center: Z 6465 .U5 A44--Docs.Ref.
- Corresponding microfiche also located in the Documents Center
Central Intelligence Agency
- Speeches and press releases
- Several CIA publications, including World FactBook and Chiefs of State
DefenseLINK (Dept. of Defense)
- Defense Department speeches and press releases searchable by date or keyword
- Links to Defense Department agencies
Department of State Foreign Affairs Network
- State Department speeches and foreign policy
- Arranged by region and subject
- Most information begins 1993/94
- Search engine accessible through toolbar at top of page
- Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs includes Middle East peace documents as well as speeches, testimony, and country information
Intelligence Community (Federation of American Scientists)
- Presidential Executive Orders and Directories, Defense Department Directories, laws and regulations affecting American intelligence
- Links to official intelligence community web sites with FAS model web pages
National Security Agency
- Brief information about the agency
United States Information Agency
- Searchable archive of foreign comments about U.S. policy
- Text in English
- Middle East Bulletin compiles news and State Department policies; also in Arabic
U.S. Middle East Policy Data Base
- Annual review of foreign policy beginning 1980
- Part of the Middle East Review of International Affairs web site
Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, 1993+
- Full text of Presidential executive orders, speeches, press conferences, names of nominees
- Phrases should be in parentheses and Boolean operators capitalized (e.g. "affirmative action" AND "college admissions")
- Table of contents search (contents AND "july 28, 1997)
White House
- Press releases, speeches and documents beginning January 2001 and updated daily
- For President Clinton's messages, see the Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents

Legislative Branch

Congressional Quarterly (UMich Only)
- Weekly publication with non-partisan political analysis of Congress
- Identifies major legislation, the issues, and players
- Roll call votes
- Political party and election analysis
- Web coverage begins in 1983 and is searchable
Bills
- Congressional Universe (UMich Only)
  - Indexes bills since 1989 by subject, keyword, sponsor, and date
  - Provides the full text and legislative status
- THOMAS
  - Indexes bills since 1993 by keyword, sponsor and date
  - Provides the full text and status
Committee Publications
- Includes hearings (testimony), committee prints (research reports), reports (recommendations on bills), and documents (Executive Branch communiques)
- Hearings of House International Relations and Senate Foreign Relations Committees provide Executive Branch policy as well as expert opinions
- Congressional Universe (UMich Only)
  - Indexes published hearings, committee prints, reports, and documents since 1789 by subject, keyword, committee, and date
  - Provides an abstract of publications located in the Documents Center in paper and/or microfiche format
  - Includes the full text of selected testimony beginning 1988
- Non-University of Michigan Users
  - Congressional Hearings on the Web lists government agencies and Congressional committees with selected testimony on the web
  - Search by keyword in subject and the word "testimony" in web sources like Google's Uncle Sam and FirstGov to identify Executive agencies and lobby groups which publish testimony on their web sites
  - Contact your local federal depository library
Congressional Record [Web]
- Congressional Universe (UMich Only)
  - Indexes Congressional Record since 1985 by keyword, speaker, and date
  - Provides the full text
- THOMAS
  - Indexes speeches on the floor of Congress by subject, Member of Congress, and date since 1993
Congressional Research for UMich Class Assignments [Web]
- Extensive guide to legislative histories, committee and member information, and public opinion

Laws and Regulations

Compiled Laws in Force
- United States Code (via Congressional Universe - UMich Only) [Web]
  - Search existing laws in force by keyword or U.S. Code citation
  - Updated within days of the passage of a new law
  - Provides U.S. Code text as well as references to bill and public law text
  - Locate under Bills, Laws, and Regulations
- United States Code (via Cornell Law School)
  - Text of all laws in force as of January 1996
  - Searchable by popular title of law, title and section of the U.S. Code, or keyword
  - Currently the best interface
Public Laws
- Iraq Liberation Act
  - Provides up to $97 Million in funding to support a transition government in Iraq
  - H.R. 4655, Public Law 105-338 (signed Oct. 31, 1998)
- Thomas
  - Public Laws beginning 1973
  - Search by law number or bill number
- Public Laws, 100th Congress, 1988+ (via Congressional Universe - UMich Only)
  - Search for full text of laws by keyword, bill number, Public Law Number, and Statutes-at-Large number
  - Provides full text and bill tracking report
Regulations
- Code of Federal Regulations via Congressional Universe (UMich only)
  - Full text of existing regulations in force
  - Searchable by keyword and agency
  - Updated every two weeks
- Code of Federal Regulations (National Archives)
  - Searchable by title and keyword
  - Updated annually
- Federal Register via Congressional Universe (UMich only)
  - New regulations, proposed regulations, notices of grants and agency hearings since 1980
  - Approach by date, agency, type of information, keyword and CFR citation
  - Paper copy in Documents Center for past two years as J 83 .A2
- Federal Register (via GPO Access)
  - Search full text via keyword since 1994
  - Check off Federal Register box on initial screen; see search instructions on the bottom of the screen

TERM PAPER GUIDES

Citation Guides

Citation Guides
- Guides to various printed citation guides in the Graduate Library
- Web guides to citing various formats, including electronic
Turabian Style Guide
- Writing guide recommended by Professor Tanter

Course Information

Description of Professor Tanter's course and its requirements
Detailed syllabus includes web links to related material and to readings
Term papers in text or HTML format

HTML Creation

How to Create Your Own Homepage (ITD)
- Basic guide to creating a web page for University of Michigan students
Web Reference (Athenia)
- Extensive links to web page design for expert and beginner
- Has search engine for rapid identification of design problem
- News and conference announcements

Reference Tools

Dictionaries and encyclopedias
Quotations and writing guides

Research Guides

A+ Research and Writing (Internet Public Library)
- Step-by-step guide to writing a term paper
- Includes tips such as setting deadlines, number of words per page, role of brainstorming
- Instructions on researching both in the library and on the Internet
Library Research Guide (UMich)
- Guide to analyzing class assignment, research, evaluating materials, writing the paper, and citing sources
- Description with links to web sources and printed materials in the University of Michigan Undergraduate Library

Primary Author of Library Version: Grace York
Graphics by Sherry Piontek, Barbara Perles and Grace York
Updates by Ankur Mehta, Documents Assistant, July 2002
Updates by Lynne E. Slager, Documents Assistant, March 2004
Send suggestions to govdocs@umich.edu

http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/arabis.html