Course Overview

This course examines the political life of American cities and their surrounding metropolitan areas.  Relevant institutions include municipal governments, the business and corporate sector, nonprofit agencies, and community organizations.  Issues include economic development, suburban sprawl, public health and safety, education, housing, and the ways that race, ethnicity, and social class are implicated in these and other aspects of urban life in America.

Students in the course are expected to submit a brief (800-word maximum) paper each week that reviews critically one or more of the readings for that week and to participate consistently in our weekly discussions.  If you're not part of the discussion, you're not part of the course.  It's that simple.  The weekly paper is due at the beginning of the class in which we will discuss the readings you have reviewed.  The primary purpose of the brief papers is to prepare you to participate in the class discussion.  The course will also involve out-of-class activities, such as attending lectures on campus or taking a field trip to an organization or event in the Detroit area.

Readings marked by an asterisk should be read by all students.  Other readings may be assigned to individual students from time to time.  You may always choose to read and report on the supplementary readings so long as you have also read the required ones for thee week.

Required Books:

Ross, Bernard H., and Myron A. Levine (2001) Urban Politics: Power in Metropolitan America, 6th ed. Itasca, Ill.: Peacock.

Sugrue, Thomas J. (1996) The Origins of the Urban Crisis: Race and Inequality in Postwar Detroit. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Wilson, William J. (1996) When Work Disappears. New York: Vintage.

APSR, Urban Affairs Review, and many other journals are available online through, e.g., JSTOR or ProQuest.  Check for online availability by using MIRLYN.  Most other course readings will be available through a link in the online course syllabus, which is linked from  my homepage, http://www.umich.edu/~gmarkus/.

Course Plan

1. Building the Course and Overview of Urban Political Theory (Sept. 3)

Tiebout, Charles M. (1956) "A pure theory of local expenditures," Journal of Political Economy, 64 (Oct.): 416-424.

Stone, Clarence N. (1980) "Systemic power in community decision making," American Political Science Review, 74 (4): 978-990.

Molotch, Harvey (1976) "The city as a growth machine: Toward a political economy of place," American Journal of Sociology, 82: 309-330.

Logan, John R. (1978) "Growth, politics, and the stratification of places," American Journal of Sociology, 84 (2): 404-416.

Teske, Paul, Mark Schneider, Michael Mintrom, and Samuel Best (1993) "Establishing the micro foundations of a macro theory: Information, movers, and the competitive local market for public goods," American Political Science Review, 87 (3): 702-713.

Lowery, David, and William E. Lyons, (1989) "The impact of jurisdictional boundaries: An individual-level test of the Tiebout model," Journal of Politics, 51 (1): 73-97.

Ostrom, Vincent, Charles M. Tiebout, and Robert Warren (1961) "The organization of government in metropolitan areas: A theoretical inquiry," American Political Science Review, 55 (4): 831-842.

Peterson, Paul E. (1981) City Limits. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Logan, John, and Harvey Molotch (1987) Urban Fortunes: The Political Economy of Place. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Mollenkopf, John H. (1983) The Contested City. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Elkin, Stephen (1987) City and Regime. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Stone, Clarence N. (1989) Regime Politics: Governing Atlanta, 1946-1988. Lawrence, Kans.: University of Kansas Press.
 

2. Formal Structure, Power, and Urban Regimes (Sept. 10)

* Ross and Levine, ch. 1 - 6, 15.

* Logan, John R., Rachel Bridges Whaley, and Kyle Crowder (1997) "The character and consequences of growth regimes: An assessment of 20 years of research," Urban Affairs Review, 32 (5): 603-630.

* Gurwitt, Rob (1997) "Nobody in charge," Governing Magazine (September), pp. 20+.

* Woodlief, Anthony (1998) "The path-dependent city," Urban Affairs Review, 33 (3): 405-437.

Morgan, David R., and John P. Pelissero (1980) "Urban policy: Does political structure matter?" American Political Science Review, 74 (4): 999-1006.

Mladenka, Kenneth R. (1980) "The urban bureaucracy and the Chicago political machine: Who gets what and the limits to political control," American Political Science Review, 74 (4): 991-998.

Burns, Nancy (1994) The Formation of American Local Governments: Private Values in Public Institutions. New York: Oxford University Press.

Bridges, Amy (1999) Morning Glories. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Dahl, Robert A. (1961) Who Governs? New Haven: Yale University Press.

Domhoff, William G. (1978) Who Really Rules? New Haven and Community Power Reexamined. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press.

Banfield, Edward (1968) The Unheavenly City. Boston: Little, Brown.

Crenson, Matthew (1971) The Un-Politics of Air Pollution. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Gaventa, John (1982) Power and Powerlessness: Quiescence and Rebellion in an Appalachian Valley. Urbana, Ill.: Univesity of Illinois Press.

Hunter, Floyd (1953) Community Power Structure. Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press.

Jones, Bryan D., and Lynn W. Bachelor (1993) The Sustaining Hand: Community Leadership and Corporate Power (2nd ed.). Lawrence: University Press of Kansas.
 

3. Race, Class, and Urban Politics (Sept. 17)

* Kurth, Joel, et al. (2001) "Region is diverse, not mixed: Metro Detroit is most segregated area in nation, census shows," Detroit News (April 1).

* Sugrue, Thomas J. (1996) The Origins of the Urban Crisis: Race and Inequality in Postwar Detroit. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Read about Hastings Street and "Paradise Valley" in Detroit.

Check out the Fabulous Ruins of Detroit.

Dreier, Peter, and David Moberg (1996) "Moving from the 'hood: The mixed success of integrating suburbia," The American Prospect, 7 (24).

Uchitelle, Louis (2001) "By listening, 3 economists show slums hurt the poor," New York Times, Feb. 18. (A full report of the study by Lawrence Katz et al. that is featured in this news story is available from the NBER Website.)

Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. (1998) "The two nations of black America," Brookings Review, 16 (2), pp. 4-7.

Atlas, John (1997) "Courting racial justice," Shelterforce (May June).  A review of Our Town, by David Kirp et al., and Suburbs under Siege, by Charles Haar -- two books about the Mt. Laurel, NJ case.

Wacquant, Loic J. D. (1997) "Three pernicious premises in the study of the American ghetto," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 20: 341-353.

Massey, Douglas S., and Nancy A. Denton (1993) American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

Browning, Rufus P., Marshall, Dale Rogers, and David H. Tabb, eds. (1997) Racial Politics in American Cities, 2nd ed. New York: Longman.

Reed, Adolph, Jr. (1999) Stirrings in the Jug. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, ch. 3, 4.

Gregory, Steven (1998) Black Corona: Race and the Politics of Place in an Urban Community. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Farley, Reynolds, Sheldon Danziger, and Harry J. Holzer (2000) Detroit Divided. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Drake, St. Clair, and Horace R. Cayton (1945) Black Metropolis: A Study of Negro Life in a Northern City. New York: Harcourt, Brace.

Browning, Rufus P., Marshall, Dale Rogers, and David H. Tabb (1986) Protest Is Not Enough: The Struggle of Blacks and Hispanics for Equality in Urban Politics.

Jennings, James (1994) Blacks, Latinos and Asians in Urban America: Status and Prospects for Politics and Activism. Westport, CT: Praeger.

Croucher, Sheila L. (1997) Imagining Miami: Ethnic Politics in a Postmodern World. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press.

Davis, Mike (2001) Magical Urbanism: Latinos Reinvent the U.S. City. London: Verso.

Lukas, J. Anthony (1986) Common Ground: A Turbulent Decade in the Lives of Three American Families. New York: Vintage.

Jennings, James (2000) "Toward an understanding of relations between Blacks and Korean-Americans," Urban Affairs Review, 35 (4): 582-586.

Loury, Glenn C. (1998) "An American tragedy: The legacy of slavery lingers in our cities' ghettos," Brookings Review, 16 (2).
 

4. Community Organizing and Citizen Participation in Urban Governance (Sept. 24)

Trip to MOSES meeting in Detroit on Sunday, Sept. 29.  Greater Grace Temple, 23500 W. Seven Mile Rd. just east of Telegraph Rd., 3:00pm-4:30pm.

* Ross and Levine, ch. 7.

* Cortes, Ernesto (1993) "Reweaving the fabric: The Iron Rule and the IAF strategy for power and politics." In Henry G. Cisneros, ed., Interwoven Destinies. New York: Norton, pp. 295-319.

* Warren, Mark R. (1998) "Community building and political power: A community organizing approach to democratic renewal," American Behavioral Scientist, 42 (1), 78-92.

Markus, Gregory B. (2002) "The organizational basis of civic participation."

Kretzmann, John P. (1995) "Building communities from the inside out," Shelterforce (Sept./Oct.)

Sciacchitano, Katherine (2000) "Unions, organizing, and democracy: Living in one's time, building for the future," Dissent, 47 (2): 75-81.

Moberg, David (2001) "The six-year itch," The Nation (Sept. 3).

Stoecker, Randy, and Susan Stall (1998) "Community organizing or organizing community? Gender and the crafts of empowerment," Gender and Society, 12 (Dec.).

Berry, Jeffrey, Kent Portney, and Ken Thomson (1993) The Rebirth of Urban Democracy. Washington, D.C: Brookings Institute Press.

Katznelson, Ira (1982) City Trenches: Urban Politics and the Patterning of Class in the United States.

Warren, Mark R. (2001) Dry Bones Rattling: Community Building to Revitalize American Democracy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Piven, Frances Fox, and Richard Cloward (1979) Poor People's Movements: Why They Succeed, How They Fail. New York: Vintage.

Naples, Nancy A. (1998) Community Activism and Feminist Politics: Organizing Across Race, Class, and Gender. New York: Routledge.

Rivera, Felix G. and John L. Erlich, eds. (1998) Community Organizing in a Diverse Society, 3rd. ed. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.

Minkler, Meredith, ed. (1997) Community Organizing and Community Building for Health. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

Henig, Jeffrey R. (1982) Neighborhood Mobilization: Redevelopment and Response. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press.

Fisher, Robert (1994) Let the People Decide: Neighborhood Organizing in America, 2nd ed. New York: Twayne Publishers.

Gittell, Marilyn (1980) Limits to Citizen Participation: The Decline of Community Organizations. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage.

Delgado, Gary (1994) Beyond the Politics of Place: New Directions in Community Organizing in the 1990s. Oakland, Calif.: Applied Research Center.

Online Conference on Community Organizing and Development Website: http://comm-org.utoledo.edu/
 

5. Social Capital and Civil Society in the Metropolis (Oct. 1)

* Putnam, Robert D. (1996) "The strange disappearance of civic America," American Prospect, 7 (24).

* Putnam, Robert D. (1993) "The prosperous community: Social capital and community life." American Prospect, 4 (Spring), pp. 35-42.

* Putnam, Robert (2000) Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon & Schuster. Ch. 1.

* Edwards, Bob, and Michael W. Foley (1998) "Social capital and civil society beyond Putnam." American Behavioral Scientist, 42: 124-139.

* Skocpol, Theda (1996) "Unraveling from above." American Prospect, 7 (25): 20-25.

Putnam, Robert D. (1993) Making Democracy Work. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Levi, Margaret (1996) "Social and unsocial capital: A review essay of Robert Putnam's Making Democracy Work," Politics and Society, 24 (1): 45-55.

DeFilippis, James (2001) "The myth of social capital in community development," Housing Policy Debate, 12 (4): 781-806.

McKnight, John (1987) "Regenerating community," Social Policy (Winter).

Foley, Michael W., and Bob Edwards (1996) "The paradox of civil society," Journal of Democracy, 7 (3): 38-52

Kenworthy, Lane (1997) "Civic engagement, social capital, and economic cooperation," American Behavioral Scientist 40 (March/April): 645-656.

Lang, Robert E., and Steven P. Hornburg (1998) "What is social capital and why is it important to public policy?" Housing Policy Debate, 9 (1), pp. 1-16.

Freidland, Lewis, Jay Rosen, and Lisa Austin (1994) "Civic journalism: A new approach to citizenship," American Civic Forum.

Rosen, Jay (1996) Getting the Connections Right: Public Journalism and the Troubles in the Press. New York: Twentieth Century Fund.

Glasser, Theodore L. (ed.) (1999) The Idea of Public Journalism. New York: Guilford Press.

O'Toole, Jr. Laurence (1997) "Treating networks seriously: Practical and research-based agendas in public administration," Public Administration Review, 57 (1): 45-52.

Ehrenhalt, Alan (1995) The Lost City: Discovering the Forgotten Virtues of Community in the Chicago of the 1950s. New York: Basic Books.

Mumford, Lewis (1934) The Culture of Cities.

Jacobs, Jane (1961) The Death and Life of Great American Cities. New York: Random House.

Castells, Manuel (1983) The City and the Grassroots. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Stack, Carol B. (1974) All Our Kin: Strategies for Survival in a Black Community. New York: Harper and Row.

Stone, Clarence N. (1999) "Poverty and the continuing campaign for urban social reform," Urban Affairs Review, 34 (6): 843-856.

Sullivan, Lisa Y. (1997) "Hip-hop nation: The underdeveloped social capital of black urban America," National Civic Review, 86, (Fall), 235-243.

Cohen, Cathy J. (1999) "Social capital, intervening institutions, and political power." Paper prepared for Ford Foundation conference, "Social Capital in Poor Communities: Building and Using Social Assets to Combat Poverty," March, 1999.

Lopez, Lisette and Carol Stack (1999) "Social capital at the crossroads." Paper prepared for the Ford Foundation conference, New York, March, 1999.

Warren, Mark R., J. Phillip Thompson, and Susan Saegert (1999) "Social capital and poor communities: A framework for analysis." Paper presented at the Ford Foundation conference, New York, March, 1999.

Woolcock, Michael (1998) "Social capital and economic development: Toward a theoretical synthesis and policy framework," Theory and Society, 27: 151-208.
 

6. Urban Poverty and Plenty (Oct. 8)

* Wilson, William J. (1996) When Work Disappears: The World of the New Urban Poor. New York: Vintage.

* Reich, Robert (1991) "The secession of the successful," New York Times Magazine, (Jan. 20): 16-17+.

Brooks-Gunn, Jeanne, Greg J. Duncan, and J. L. Aber (eds.) (1998) Neighborhood Poverty: Context and Consequences for Development. New York: Russell Sage.

Newman, Katherine S. (1999) No Shame in My Game: The Working Poor in the Inner City.  Excerpted in: Newman, Katherine, and Chauncy Lennon (1995) "The job ghetto," The American Prospect, 6 (22).

Jargowsky, Paul A. (1997) Poverty and Place: Ghettos, Barrios and the American City. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Bluestone, Barry, and Bennett Harrison (1982) The Dismantling of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry. New York: Basic Books.

Bennet, James (1993) "Mere hint of jobs draws crowd in Detroit," New York Times, Nov. 12, p. A1.

Heying, C. H. (1997) "Civic elites and corporate delocalization," American Behavioral Scientist, 40(5):657-668.

Ehrenreich, Barbara (2001) Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting By in America. New York: Metropolitan Books.

Kozol, Jonathan (1995) Amazing Grace: The Lives of Children and the Conscience of a Nation. New York: HarperPerennial.

Moss, Philip, and Chris Tilly (1995) "Raised hurdles for black men: Evidence from interviews with employers." New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Overview of the Multi-City Study of Urban Inequality. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Smart Library on Urban Poverty (a digest of the best research on urban poverty, as selected by a panel of internationally recognized scholars): http://www.ksg.harvard.edu/urbanpoverty

U.S. Census Bureau latest information on poverty in the U.S.: http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty.html

Selected articles on welfare reform from the New York Times (requires no-charge registration to access)
 

7. Urban Economic (Re)Development Strategies (Oct. 22)

* Porter, Michael E. (1995) "The competitive advantage of the inner city," Harvard Business Review, 73 (May-June): 55-71.

* Goozner, Merrill (1998) "The Porter prescription," The American Prospect, 38, May-June.

* Barringer, David (1997) "The new urban gamble," American Prospect, 8 (34).

* Eisinger, Peter (2000) "The politics of bread and circuses: Building the city for the visitor class," Urban Affairs Review, 35 (3): 316-333.

Porter, Michael (1997) "New strategies for inner-city economic development," Economic Development Quarterly, 11 (1): 11-27.

Harrison, Bennett, and Amy Glasmeier (1997) "Response [to Porter]: Why business alone won't develop the inner city," Economic Development Quarterly, 11 (1): 28-38.

"Miracle in Detroit: A New Hope," (1997) The NewsHour, PBS-TV, Dec. 17. (Transcript and audio of feature on Focus:Hope, available online.)

Boston, Thomas D., and Catherine L. Ross, eds. (1997) The Inner City, Urban Poverty, and Economic Development in the Next Century. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers.

Florida, Richard (2002) The Rise of the Creative Class. New York: Basic Books, ch. 1.

Waldman, Amy (2001) "Embodied by one block, Harlem's ravaged heart sees a revival," New York Times, Feb. 18, p. A1.

Gittell, Marilyn, Kathe Newman, Janice Bockmeyer, and Robert Lindsay (1998) "Expanding civic opportunity: Urban empowerment zones," Urban Affairs Review, 33 (March): 530-558.

Gittell, Ross, and J. Phillip Thompson (1999) "Inner-city business development and entrepreneurship: New frontiers for policy and research." In Morris Fiorina and Theda Skocpol, eds., Civic Engagement in American Democracy. Washington, DC: Brookings Press, pp. 473-520.

Guyette, Curt (2001) "Down a green path: An alternative vision for a section of east Detroit takes shape," Metrotimes, Oct. 31.

Kibel, Paul Stanton (1998) "The urban nexus: Open space, brownfields, and justice," Boston College Environmental Affairs Law Review, 25 (3): 569-618.

Halpern, Robert (1995) Rebuilding the Inner City. New York: Columbia University Press.

Jonas, Andrew, and David Wilson. (1999) The Urban Growth Machine: Critical Perspectives Two Decades Later. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.

Schneider, Mark, and Paul Teske (1993) "The antigrowth entrepreneur: Challenging the 'equilibrium' of the growth machine," Journal of Politics, 55 (3): 720-736.

Pagano, Michael A. (1995) Cityscapes and Capital: the Politics of Urban Development. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Phillips-Fein, Kim (1998) "The still-industrial city: Why cities shouldn't just let manufacturing go," The American Prospect, 40 (Sept.-Oct.)

Sittenfeld, Curtis (1999) "Hope is a weapon," Fast Company, 22 (Feb.), p. 178. (Article about Eleanor Josaitis and Focus:HOPE)

Stone, Clarence N. (1999) "Poverty and the continuing campaign for urban social reform," Urban Affairs Review, 34 (6): 843-856.

Stories in Detroit Free Press, Jan 18, 2000, on Empowerment Zones, with features on EZs in Atlanta, Baltimore, Camden, Chicago, New York City, Philadelphia, and editorial on Detroit.
 

8. Sprawl (Oct. 29)

*View online: Cook, Christopher M. (2001) "The Sprawling of America: Inner City Blues" (55 minutes).

* Downs, Anthony (1998) "The big picture: How America's cities are growing," Brookings Review, 16 (4), pp. 8-12.

* Easterbrook, Gregg (1999) "Suburban myth," The New Republic, March 15, p. 18.

View online: Cook, Christopher M. (2001) "The Sprawling of America: Fat of the Land" (55 minutes).

Bullard, Robert D., Glenn S. Johnson, and Angel O. Torres (Eds.). (2000). Sprawl City: Race, Politics, and Planning in Atlanta. Washington, DC: Island Press.

Garreau, Joel (1992) Edge City: Life on the New Frontier. New York: Anchor Books.

Calthorpe, Peter (1993) The Next American Metropolis: Ecology, Community, and the American Dream. Princeton: Princeton Architectural Press.

Jackson, Kenneth T. (1985) Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States. New York: Oxford University Press.

Powell, John A. (1998) "Race and space: What really drives metropolitan growth," Brookings Review, 16 (4).

Brooks, David (2002) "Patio Man and the Sprawl People," The Weekly Standard (Aug. 12). (Multipart article. See also Part 2.)

Gerritt, Jeff (1999) "Looking at limits for urban sprawl," Detroit Free Press, March 11.

Metropolitan Land Use Institute, "Growth Management in Michigan" Website. (Lots of useful articles and resources)
 

9. Metropolitics (Nov. 5)

* Ross and Levine, ch. 10-12.

* Katz, Bruce, and Jennifer Bradley (1999) "Divided we sprawl," Atlantic Monthly, 284 (December): 26-42. (Multipart article. See also Part 2.)

* Orfield, Myron (1998) "Conflict or consensus: Forty years of Minnesota metropolitan politics," Brookings Review, Fall, 16 (4).

* Voith, Richard (1996) "Central city decline: Regional or neighborhood solutions?" Business Review (March/April).

Pastor, Manuel, Jr., Peter Dreier, Eugene Grigsby III, and Marta López-Garza (1998) "Growing together: Linking regional and community development in a changing economy," Shelterforce, (Jan./Feb.).

Voith, Richard (1998) "Do suburbs need cities?" Journal of Regional Science 38: 445-464.

Gurwitt, Rob (1998) "The quest for common ground," Governing Magazine (June), pp. 16+.

Orfield, Myron (1997) Metropolitics: A Regional Agenda for Community and Stability. Washington, DC: Brookings Institute Press.

Lefevre, Chrisian (1998) "Metropolitcan government and governance in western countries: A critical review,"  International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 21 (1): 9-25.

Stephens, G. Ross, and Nelson Wikstrom (2000) Metropolitan Government and Governance: Theoretical Perspectives, Empirical Analysis, and the Future. New York: Oxford University Press.

Rusk, David. (1999) Inside Game, Outside Game: Winning Strategies for Saving Urban America. Washington, DC: Brookings Press.

Teaford, Jon C. 1997. Post-suburbia Government and Politics in the Edge Cities. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
 

10 . Urban Public Services and Public Policy

A. Housing and Community Development (Nov. 12)

* Ross and Levine, ch. 8.

* Walljasper, Jay (1997) "When activists win: The renaissance of Dudley St." The Nation, March 3.

* Stoecker, Randy (1997) "The CDC Model of urban redevelopment: A critique and an alternative," Journal of Urban Affairs, 19: 1-22.

* Kennedy, Maureen, and Paul Leonard (2001) "Dealing with neighborhood change: A primer on gentrification and policy choices." Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.

Rubinowitz, Leonard S., and James E. Rosenbaum (2000) Crossing the Class and Color Lines: From Public Housing to White Suburbia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Kahn, Charlotte (1994) "Rebuilding Boston," Boston Review, 19 (3).

Sklar, Holly, and Peter Medoff (1994) Streets of Hope: The Fall and Rise of an Urban Neighborhood. Boston: South End Press. See also the DSNI Website.

Grogan, Paul S., and Tony Proscio (2000) Comeback Cities. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press.

McKnight, John (1987) "Regenerating community," Social Policy (Winter).

Traynor, William (1995) "Community building hope and caution," Shelterforce (Sept./Oct.).

Overview of Detroit's Warren-Connor Development Coalition, and the WCDC Website.

Selected articles on public housing from the New York Times (requires no-charge registration to access)

B. Public Safety (Nov. 19)

* Currie, Elliott (1998) Crime and Punishment in America. New York: Metropolitan Books, ch. 1.

* Egan, Timothy (1999) "The War on Drugs retreats, still taking prisoners," New York Times, Feb. 28, 1999.

* Wilson, James Q., and George L. Kelling (1989) "Making neighborhoods safe," Atlantic Monthly, 263 (2), pp. 46-52.

* Ceraso, Karen  (1997) "Partners in policing," Shelterforce, 2 (March/April).

Sampson, Robert J., Stephen Raudenbush, and Felton Earls (1997) "Neighborhoods and violent crime: A multilevel study of collective efficacy," Science, 277 (August): 918-924. For summary of article, see: http://www.tyc.state.tx.us/prevention/neighbor.html).

DiIulio, John J. (1999) "Two million prisoners are enough," Wall Street Journal, March 12.

Kaminer, Wendy (1994) "Crime and community," Atlantic Monthly (May), pp. 111-120.

Traub, James (2001) "Giuliani internalized," New York Times Magazine, Feb. 11, pp. 62+.

Eig, Jonathan (1996) "Eyes on the street: Community policing in Chicago," The American Prospect, 7 (29).

Sabol, William J., and James P. Lynch (1997) "Did getting tough on crime pay?" Washington, D.C.: Urban Institute.

Skogan, Wesley (1990) Disorder and Decline: Crime and the Spiral of Decay in American Neighborhoods. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Tonry, Michael (1995) Malign Neglect: Race, Crime and Punishment in America. New York: Oxford University Press.

Wilson, James Q.  and George L. Kelling (1982) "Broken windows," Atlantic Monthly, 249 (March), pp. 29-38.

U.S. Dept. of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics website: http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs

Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice website: http://www.cjcj.org/

C. Public Education (Nov. 26)

* Kozol, Jonathan (1992) Savage Inequalities. New York: HarperPerennial.

* Darling-Hammond, Linda (1998) "Unequal opportunity: Race and education," Brookings Review, 16 (2), pp. 28-32.

* Traub, James (2000) "What no school can do," New York Times Magazine (Jan. 26).

Rothstein, Richard (2001) "Reducing poverty could increase school achievement," New York Times, March 7.

Rothstein, Richard (2001) "Assessing money's role in making schools better," New York Times, Nov. 14.

Cuban, Larry (2001) "Why bad reforms won't give us good schools," The American Prospect, Vol. 12, Issue 1.

Meier, Deborah (2000) "Educating a democracy: Standards and the future of public education," Boston Review (Feb./March).

Shirley, Dennis (2001) "Patience and politics: Alliance Schools develop parental leadership," Shelterforce (July/Aug.)

Lee, Valerie E., and David T. Burkam (2002) Inequality at the Starting Gate. Washington, DC: Economic Policy Institute. (Executive summary)

Miller, Matthew (1999) "A bold experiment to fix city schools," Atlantic Monthly, 284 (July), pp. 15-31.

Rothstein, Richard (1998) "Behind the numbers: When states spend more," American Prospect, 9, (36).

Noguera, Pedro A. (1996) "Confronting the urban in urban school reform," Urban Review, 28 (1): 1-19.

Kirp, David L. (1992) "What school choice really means," Atlantic Monthly, 270 (5), pp. 119-132.

Peterson, Paul E., and Jay P. Greene, "Race relations and central city schools: It's time for an experiment with vouchers," Brookings Review, 16 (2), pp. 33-36.

Zernike, Kate (2000) "New doubt is cast on study that backs voucher efforts," New York Times, Sept. 15.

Rauch, Jonathan (2002) "Reversing white flight," Atlantic Monthly (Oct.): 32.

Schrag, Peter (1997) "The near-myth of our failing schools," Atlantic Monthly, 280 (4), pp. 72-80.

Rosen, Gary (2000) "Are school vouchers un-American?" Commentary, February.

Chase, Bob, Sandra Feldman, and Michael W. Apple (2000) "Are school vouchers the answer? (Replies to Rosen)," Commentary (June).

McKinley, James C., Jr. (2001) "Officials are forced to grab the third rail of politics," New York Times, Jan. 11, and Hartocollis, Anemona (2001) "Eight years and a lawsuit later, better news to report," New York Times, Jan. 11.

Jehl, Jeanne, Martin Blank, and Barbara McCloud (2001) "Lessons in collaboration: Bringing together educators and community builders," Shelterforce (July/Aug.)

Stone, Clarence N., Jeffrey R. Henig, Bryan D. Jones, and Carol Pierannunzi (2001) Building Civic Capacity: The Politics of Reforming Urban Schools. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas.

Henig, Jeffrey R., et al. (1999) The Color of School Reform: Race, Politics, and the Challenge of Urban Education. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Gittell, Marilyn J., ed. (1998) Strategies for School Equity: Creating Productive Schools in a Just Society. New Haven: Yale University Press.

The Urban Education Web: http://eric-web.tc.columbia.edu/

D. Environmental Quality, Transportation, and Public Health (Dec. 3)

* McKnight, John (1995) "Politicizing health care." In John McKnight, The Careless Community. New York: Basic Books.

* Noble, Holcomb B. (1999) "Far more poor children are hospitalized for asthma, study shows," New York Times, July 27, p. B1.

* Mason, J. W. (1998) "The buses don't stop here anymore: Sick transit and how to fix it," The American Prospect, no. 37, March-April.

* Luberoff, David (2000) "Road injustice," Governing Magazine, July, p. 90.

* Bullard, Robert D., Glenn S. Johnson, and Angel O. Torres (2000) Race, Equity, and Smart Growth: Why People of Color Must Speak for Themselves. Atlanta: Environmental Justice Resource Center.

Watson, Sidney D. (1996) "Health care in the inner city: Asking the right question." In: John Boger et al. (eds.) Race, Poverty, and American Cities. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.

Murray, Mark (2000) "Seeking justice in roads and runways," National Journal, March 4, Vol. 32 (10), p. 712.

Meredith, Robyn (1998) "Job-seeking Detroiters cannot get to where the jobs are," New York Times (May 26).

Egan, Timothy (1999) "Concrete choices: Freeways, their costs and 2 cities' destinies," New York Times, July 14, p. A1.

Gross, Jane (1995) "Getting there the hard way, every day," Los Angeles Times, July 16, p. A1.

Thayer, Kelley (2001) "Road to rail: Getting Michigan on board with transit alternatives," Metro Times, Feb. 20.

Chen, David W. (1999) "Suit accusing shopping mall of racism over bus policy settled," New York Times, Nov. 18, p. B11.

Metropolitan Land Use Institute, "Mobility in Metropolitan Detroit" Website. (Lots of useful articles and resources)

Israel, Barbara A., Amy J. Schulz, Edith A. Parker, and A. B. Becker (1998) "Review of community-based research: Assessing partnership approaches to improve public health," Annual Review of Public Health, 19: 173-202. (Available through a U-M connection, at the ARPH site.)

Kawachi, Ichiro, Bruce P. Kennedy, and Kimberly Lochner (1997) "Long live community: Social capital as public health." American Prospect, 35 (Nov.-Dec.): 56-59.

Seltzer, Robert (2002) "Science and Politics, or On the Irony of the Term Political Science," Journal of Urban Health, 79 (1).

Aneshensel, Carol S., and Clea A. Sucoff (1996) "The neighborhood context of adolescent mental health," Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 37 (4): 293-310.

Bryant, Bunyan, ed. (1995) Environmental Justice: Issues, Policies, and Solution. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.

Szasz, Andres (1994) Ecopopulism: Toxic Waste and the Movement for Environmental Justice. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

Bullard, Robert D. (1994) Dumping in Dixie: Race, Class and Environmental Quality. Boulder, CO: Westview.

Shine, Dan (1999) "As some municipalities and corporations work together to redevelop brownfield sites, more benefit is seen," Free Press (May 4).

11. The Metropolis in a Global Context (Dec. 10)

* Allen J. Scott, John Agnew, Edward W. Soja, and Michael Storper (1997) "Global city-regions." In Allen J. Scott, ed. Global City-Regions: Trends, Theory, Policy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

* Castells, Manuel (1999) "The informational city is a dual city: Can it be reversed?" In Donald A. Schön, Bish Sanyal, and William J. Mitchell, eds. High Technology and Low-Income Communities: Prospects for the Positive Use of Advanced Information Technology. Cambridge: MIT Press.

* Fainstein, Susan S. 2001. "Inequality and global city-regions." In Allen J. Scott, ed. Global City-Regions: Trends, Theory, Policy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

* Markusen, Ann (1999) "Fuzzy concepts, scanty evidence, policy distance: The case for rigour and policy relevance in critical regional studies," Regional Studies, 33 (9): 869-884.

* White, James W. (1998) "Old wine, cracked bottle? Tokyo, Paris, and the global city hypothesis," Urban Affairs Review, 33 (March): 451-477.

* Sassen, Saskia (1998) "Swirling that old wine around in the wrong bottle: A comment on White," Urban Affairs Review, 33 (March): 478-481.

Smith, Michael Peter (1998) "The global city--whose social construct is it anyway? A comment on White," Urban Affairs Review, 33 (March): 482-488.

Clark, Terry Nichols (2000) "Old and new paradigms for urban research: Globalization and the fiscal austerity and urban innovation project," Urban Affairs Review, 36 (1): 3-45.

Lefevre, Christian (1998) "Metropolitan government and governance in Western countries: A critical review," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 22 (1): 9-25.

Markusen, Ann R. (1996) "Sticky places in slippery space: A typology of industrial districts," Economic Geography, 72 (2): 294-314.

Friedmann, John (1986) "The world city hypothesis," Development and Change, 17 (1): 69-84.

Fisher, Robert, and Joseph Kling, eds. (1993) Mobilizing the Community: Local Politics in an Era of the Global City. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Knox, Paul, and Peter Taylor, eds. (1995) World Cities in a World System. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Markusen, Ann R., Yong-Sook Lee, and Sean DiGiovanna (1999) Globalization and Community. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

Sassen, Saskia (1991) The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Sellers, Jefferey M. (2002) Governing from Below: Urban Regions and the Global Economy. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Saxenian, Annalee (1994) Regional Advantage: Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Waldinger, Roger (1996) Still the Promised City? African-Americans and New Immigrants in Postindustrial New York. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Mollenkopf, John H., and Manuel Castells, eds. (1991) Dual City: Restructuring New York. New York: Russell Sage.

Castells, Manuel (1983) The City and the Grassroots: A Cross-Cultural theory of
Urban Social Movements. London: E. Arnold.

Castells, Manuel (1996) The Rise of the Network Society. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.

Castells, Manuel (1997) The Power of Identity. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.

Castells, Manuel (1998) End of Millennium. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.

Isin, Engin F., ed. (2000) Democracy, Citizenship and the Global City. Routledge.

Abu-Lughod, J. 1999. New York, Chicago, Los Angeles: America's global cities. Minneapolis: Univ. of Minnesota Press.