Ever since the SECOND car was built, men (and women) have been racing them. Yes, the cars are more advanced, and the speeds are higher. But, the goal is still the same - travel the defined distance quicker than your competitors.
Racing series:
CART - open-wheel racing in the US mostly, but they also run in Austrailia and Japan.
IRL - US open - wheel racing using only oval tracks.
Formula 1
Touring Car
Racing Schools - for aspiring drivers, or whoever just wants to feel the thrill of it...
Skip
Barber (including my experience there)