Word

Word Family

Collocations

Example sentence

Synonyms

Antonyms

Other

activate (v)

reactivate (v) TTelem 11 Language and Communication Whenever you leave the building, you have to reactivate the alarm.

p.30 The computer activates the yaw motor, which turns the rotor into the wind.

يشغَّل . يحرَّك

alternative (adj)

alternative (n) TTelem 4 Travel and Transport Travelling to work by bicycle is a healthy alternative to using the bus.

p.28 Identify these sources of alternative energy.  Work in groups and discuss how each can be used to replace fossil fuels like oil, gas, and coal.

TTelem 4  Travel and Transport The motorway was closed so we had to find an alternative route.

بديل . آخر

blades (n)

p.30 The blades capture the wind energy.

شفْرة . ريشة المروحة

carbon emissions (n)

Is public transport important for reducing carbon emissions? p.50

إصدار كاربون

collapse (v)

collapse (n) TT 4 Travel and Transportation The risk of collapse is inherent in this industry.

p.28 When they were constructing the bridge, part of the tunnel collapsed.

ينهار

commercially (adv)

Commercial (adj) TT 6 Lifestyles Safety considerations were subordinated to commercial interests.

p.28  What does it mean if a project is commercially viable? P.126 “It’s only going to be achieved if we make it commercially viable.

تجارياً

commercially viable (adj)

What does it mean if a project is commercially viable? p.28

قابل للنجاح تجاراياً

convert (n)

The generator converts the mechanical energy into electrical power. p.31

يتحوِّل الى

converter (n)

To convert (v) TTelem 10 Education What is the formula for converting miles to kilometres?

TT 6 Lifestyle How do you convert pounds into kilos?

p.28  What names have people given to previous wave converters?

مُحَوِّل ج مُحَوِلات

determine (v)

p.31 The anemometer and wind vane determine the wind speed and direction and transmit this to the computer.

TTelem 12 Countries and Nationalities It is not usually easy to determine someone’s precise ethnic origin from the way they look.

يعيّن . يحَدِّد

dynamo (n)

p.33 The front wheel turns the dynamo.

مولّد كهربائي . دينامو

emissions (n)

p.28 What are carbon emissions? p.125 “Our object is to earn revenue for people and in so doing, come up with an energy that reduces carbon emissions.”

غاز منطلق . إطلاق

fossil fuel (n)

p.28 Work in groups and discuss how each can be used to replace fossil fuels like oil, gas, and coal.

وقود متحجر (فهم ,الغازوالنفط,الخ مثلا)

gearbox (n)

The nacelle, the casing at the top of the tower, contains the most important components including the gearbox, generator, and computer. p.30

علبة  مسنَّنات

generate (v)

p.30 On a large turbine, the power generated is between 600 kW and 3,000 kW.

TTelem 2 Science and Technology These old-fashioned radiators don’t generate much heat.

يولَّد

go on about (pv)

To go on (pv) يحدث . يجري p.29  While the operation was going on in France, doctors in other countries were able to assist using telesurgery.

to go on to استمر (علي او في) (pv) Most pupils at this school go on to study at institutes of higher education.

p.338 Oxford Word Power “His parents are always going on about the way he dresses—jeans low on his hips, instead of nice, elegant trousers.”

يشكو باستمرار

Word

Word Family

Collocations

Example sentence

Synonyms

Antonyms

Other

hydroelectric (adj)

p.35 The self-sufficient energy community on page 35 has a Micro Hydroelectric Facility, a power generator on a small river.

مائي كهربائي . هيدرو كهربائي

hydraulic system (n)

It contains pipes for the hydraulic system, which operates the aerodynamic  brakes. p.368 Oxford Word Power

نظام هيدروليكي

objectives (n)

object (n) p.125 “Our object is to earn revenue for people and in so doing, come up with an energy that reduces carbon emissions.”

p.28  His company has two objectives. One is to earn revenue for people. What is the other?

TTelem 1 Business and Commerce The priority this year for the company is to focus on our key business objectives.

هدف . غاية

offshore (adj)

p.30  Wind farms consisting of numbers of turbines are increasingly being constructed both on land, usually on high ground, and offshore.

على مقربة من الساحل

plant (n)

(heart) transplant (n)  عملية زرع الأعضاء A heart transplant was his only chance of survival.

p.35/p.582 Oxford Word Power “A gasification plant is a “place,” i.e. a sort of factory, where the industrial process of changing wood into gas takes place.”

p.582 Oxford Word Power “You have to water the  plants every day, or else they will die.”

نبات

في الصناعة= مصنع . معمل

potential (adj)

p.33 “potential energy”/p.595 Oxford Word Power “Wind power is a potential source of energy.”

TTelem 2 Science and Technology Wind power is a potential source of energy.

ممكن

prevent (v)

p.30 If the wind reaches storm force, about 25 metres per second, the computer closes down the turbine to prevent damage.

TTelem 2 Crime and SocietyThe government plans to tighten controls to prevent illegal immigrants.

يمنع

protestors (n)

to protest (v) TTelem 6 Lifestyle He protested that his exclusion from the decision-making process was unfair

p.29 As they were building the wind farm, protestors damaged some equipment.

.TT 2 Science and Technology The protesters were in place at the site, protesting about the location of the nuclear power

station.

متظاهَر

renewable (adj)

p.30 Wind power is renewable and non-polluting and can be used to drive wind turbines like the one illustrated.

قادر بالتجديد

renewable energy (n)

Work in groups. Research one of these topics and report your findings to the rest of the class.

4 Renewable energy projects in Malmo, Sweden. p.34

طاقة متوفرة

replace (v)

p.28  Identify these sources of alternative energy. Work in groups and discuss how each can be used to replace fossil fuels like oil, gas, and coal.

يستبدل . يحل محله

rotate (v)

p.30  The rotor rotates quite slowly, at about 30 r.p.m.

يدور . يدير

self-sufficient (adj)

p.32  This diagram shows how a community could be self-sufficient in energy. List the different ways it shows of providing power to homes.

مستقل . او مكتفٍ ذاتياً

sewage (n)

p.35 The picture of a self-sufficient community on p.35 shows large holding tanks, which are producing biogas from sewage.

TT 2 Science and Technology The raw sewage is chemically treated.

مياه وأوساخ المجاري

Word

Word Family

Collocations

Example sentence

Synonyms

Antonyms

Other

solar (adj)

solar (adj) p.736 Oxford Word Power “solar heating”  مستخدم الطاقة الشمسية

p.33 solar energy/ p.736 Oxford Word Power “the solar system,” “solar heating”

شمسي

thermal (adj)

p.32 I looked up “thermal store” on Google and it seems to be a place where heat is stored in order to heat water.

حراري

transmit (v)

The low-speed shaft transmits power from the hub to the gearbox. p.30

ينْقُل . يبُث

tubular (adj)

p.30  Most towers are tubular to allow safe access for maintenance.

أُنْبوبي

turbine (n)

p.30  Wind power is renewable and non-polluting and can be used to drive wind turbines like the one illustrated.

تور بينة

viable (adj)

p.28  What does it mean if a project is commercially viable? P.126 “It’s only going to be achieved if we make it commercially viable.

قابل للنجاح

wave (n)

Hill or ridge lift is created by the wind blowing against a hillside and being forced upwards. Wave lift is created when air passes over a mountain. p.38

موجة

wind (n)

Hill or ridge lift is created by the wind blowing against a hillside and being forced upwards. Wave lift is created when air passes over a mountain.

ريح