1.     A high proportion of the species on remote islands are endemics, and endemism is less common among marine organisms than continental land organisms

a.      What is an endemic species? (3 pts)

b.     Explain the statement above. In your answer, you should explain how the formation of species relates to where endemism is most common. (6 pts)

2.     Invading species are one major cause of extinction of native species

a.      Describe three examples that each illustrate a different mechanism by which species invasions lead to rarity or extinction. (3 pts)

b.     Which mechanism is probably the most common cause of extinction by an invading species, and why? (2 pts)

c.      What locales are most vulnerable, and why? (2 pts)

d.  Describe the main features of the North American - South American faunal interchange as an example in earth history of invasions and extinctions. (6 pts)