Steven L. Ceccio

Research

Current Research Summary

Prof. Ceccio has focused on the study of multiphase flows through the creation of a world-class laboratory at the University of Michigan and through the use of large-scale testing facilities located throughout the country. He has concentrated on the experimental examination of these complex flows with the goal of understanding fundamental processes responsible for their dynamics. A brief summary of his current research activities follows.

Prof. Ceccio continues to work in the area of cavitating flows. He continues to examine a variety of cavitating flows of naval interest with the support of the Office of Naval Research (ONR), including bubble-boundary layer interactions, partial sheet cavitation, the transition of partial sheet cavitation to unsteady cloud cavitation, and the scaling of cavitation inception. His research effort has recently focused on the issue of, "limited event-rate" cavitation. These discreet cavitation events can occur in the tip vicinity of propulsors and are often detected through sound emission. As part of this effort, he has constructed a new re-circulating water tunnel to conduct cavitation research at UM. His efforts are now concentrated on understanding vortex-vortex interactions that lead to cavitation inception.

His navy sponsored research has broadened to include basic research on turbulent shear flows. He and Prof. Dowling recently examined trailing edge flows at high Reynolds number through a series of tests conducted in the U. S. Navy's William B. Morgan Large Cavitation Channel (LCC). Experiments were conducted on a large lifting surface (~ 2 meters chord length) to examine Reynolds number sensitive flow processes at Reynolds numbers up to 107, beyond that of full-scale ship propulsors. Both the hydrodynamics and hydro-acoustics were examined. Of particular interest was the Reynolds-number dependant-shear flow at the trailing edge of the hydrofoil, revealing processes responsible for radiated low-frequency noise. These experiments have yielded unique data to validate companion computation efforts being conducted throughout the country.

A second project, designated "HIPLATE," has been undertaken to explore the physical processes responsible for friction drag reduction through the examination of well-controlled wall bounded turbulent shear flows, under the sponsorship of the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) and ONR. An experimental program is also being conducted in the Large Cavitation Channel to examine both micro-bubble and polymer friction drag reduction. Prof. Dave Dowling and Prof. Marc Perlin of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering are co-investigators on this project. Prof Ceccio and his team designed and built a test model to produce a wall-bounded shear flows capable of achieving Reynolds numbers up to 200 million. An was experiment conducted in December 2002 examined gas injection, and a second experiment occurred in October through December of 2004 exploring polymer injection. Our current test is being conducted in Fall 2005, where we will again examine micro-bubble drag reduction. We will conduct a second round of polymer testing in Summer 2006.

In 2002, ONR requested proposals for the design of a test program to explore hydrodynamics of high-speed flows, including drag reduction technologies. Prof. Ceccio led a team that won the initial two phases of the competition. The proposed effort involves the modification of the LCC to achieve 70 knots and the conduct of a series of controlled experiments. A variety of drag reduction methods, including microbubble injection, polymer injection, and cavitation assist will be studied. Sub-contracting member of the UM team include the Naval Surface Warfare Center-Carderock Division, Penn State Applied Research Laboratory, and General Dynamics Corporation. The first phase and second of this project involving the re-design of the facility was completed in 2004.

Prof. Ceccio and Prof. Beck of the Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering (NAME) department have received support from ONR to determine the basic research and experimentation required to develop high-speed ships. This report will help guide the future direction of ONR support in this area of hydrodynamics. We are also working with ONR to determine the future direction of their friction drag reduction effort that will follow the DARPA program, and Prof. Ceccio will chair a study group consisting of academics, naval, and industrial researchers and engineering to assess current capabilities and make recommendations at the end of 2006. Prof. Armin Troesch of NAME will be a member of this committee.

We have recently initiated a project for ONR to examine large-scale cavity flows for drag reduction on surface ships. This is an experimental and numerical effort that will result in a large-scale LCC experiment in late 2006. Our goal will be to examine the stability and closure of large, ventilated partial cavities. Prof. William Schultz and Wei Shyy of Aerospace Engineering (AERO) will work with our team on the modeling effort.

In addition to his work in hydrodynamics, Prof. Ceccio has had a long-term collaboration with Sandia National Laboratory (SNL) in New Mexico to develop multiphase flow diagnostics. Working with Dr. O'Hern, he has developed Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) apparatus and methods for examining opaque multiphase flows. EIT systems employ electrical measurements at the boundary of a domain to infer the distribution of electrical conductivity within the domain. Since the conductivity of the phases within a multiphase flow can significantly differ, knowledge of the electrical impedance distribution can be used to determine the distribution of material phases. These systems have been used to examine liquid-gas, gas-solid, and three-phase flows in bubble column reactors and gas-solid riser reactors. This project was part of an industry-government-university consortium called the Multiphase Fluid Dynamics Research Consortium. Prof. Ceccio is currently working with SNL researchers on the scaling of airborne contaminants in complex environments, and our work on gas-solid multiphase flows continues with an effort to examine liquid dispersion and evaporation in gas-solid risers.

Prof. Ceccio has also developed novel optical diagnostics, including a high repetition rate Particle Imaging Velocimetry system. CPIV has been used to examine turbulent combustion through collaboration with Prof. James Driscoll of AERO. He is currently working on a duel-camera system that will acquire the images digitally and combine CPIV with cinemagraphic laser induced fluorescence. This effort is sponsored by NSF and ONR. Also, we have received support form the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) to purchase a high repetition rate laser to perform pulsed laser induced fluorescence measurements in tandem with our flow field measurements. We are currently using the CPIV system to examine the resonant flow over cavities. Prof. Ceccio has been working with Prof. Schultz on the modeling and experimental examination of partial cavities in gap between parallel plates as part of a study to examine the flows in clutches. We have been using both analysis and the commercial code FLUENT to determine how cavities form and are influenced by patterns on the face of the clutch plates. These predications are then compared to experimental observations.

Prof. Ceccio and Prof. C. Pierre continue to study turbine blade vibration and vibration localization under the sponsorship of the AFOSR. Prof. Ceccio has overseen the design and construction of a test facility to examine the vibratory characteristics of bladed disks. Both Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry and laser vibrometry have been used to reveal the spatial pattern of blade vibrations. Our efforts have demonstrated, "mistuning identification" whereby a bladed disk is examined through a combination of experimental measurement and analysis to determine how it is mistuned. This has significant implications for the manufacture and maintenance of bladed disk assemblies. Our efforts are coordinated with research being conducted at Wright Patterson Air Force Base. We are currently integrating a scanning laser vibrometry system into the test platform.

Grants and Contracts:

  1. "Control of Tip-Vortex Cavitation Suppression and Gas Sheet Breakup," S. L. Ceccio, 1/07 – 12/09, ONR, $555,331.
  2. "Super-Hydrophobic Coatings for Friction Drag Reduction" M. Perlin (P.I.), S. L. Ceccio (co-P.I.), W. W. Schultz (co-P.I.): 5/06 – 4/07, Michigan Molecular Institute, (Phase 1 of ONR-STTR), $21,019.
  3. "Experimental, Computational, and Design Tools for Turbomachinery Rotor Vibration" M. P. Castenier (P.I.), S. L. Ceccio (co-P.I.), B. I. Epureanu (co-P.I.): 4/05 – 6/10, GE Aviation, $885,000.
  4. "Influence of Roughness on the Effectiveness and Persistence of Polymer Drag Reduction" S. L. Ceccio (P.I.), D. Dowling (co-P.I.), M. Perlin (co-P.I.), M. Solomon (co-P.I.), 4/06-4/07, DARPA, $225,520.
  5. "Evaluation of Air Cavity Lubrication at High Reynolds Numbers" S. L. Ceccio (P.I.), M. Perlin (co-P.I.), D. Dowling (co-P.I.), and W. Schultz (co-P.I.), 12/05 - 6/07, ONR, $1,005,177.
  6. "Evaluation Friction Drag Reduction Methods for Naval Applications" " S. L. Ceccio (P.I.), A. Troesch (co-P.I.), 12/05 - 12/06, ONR, $80,000.
  7. "Microbubble and Polymer Drag Reduction at High Reynolds Numbers and Large Scales" S. L. Ceccio (P.I.), D. Dowling (co-P.I.), M. Perlin (co-P.I.), 8/05-12/05, ONR, $60,557 (additional funding).
  8. "High Reynolds Number Micro-bubble and Polymer Drag Reduction Experiments," S. L. Ceccio (P.I.), D. Dowling (co-P.I.), M. Perlin (co-P.I.), M. Solomon (co-P.I.), 9/03-11/06, DARPA, $200,000 (additional funding).
  9. "Cinema-PIV-PLIF system to Image the Dynamics of Supersonic Combusters," AFOSR, J. Driscoll (P. I.), S. L. Ceccio (co-P. I.), 5/04- 5/05, $280,000
  10. "Next-Generation Modeling, Analysis and Testing of the Vibration of Mistuned Bladed Disks," AFOSR, M. Castenier (P.I.), C. Pierre (co-P.I.), B. Epureanu (co-P.I.), S. L. Ceccio (co-P.I.), 3/04 – 12/06, $288,352.
  11. "High Reynolds Number Micro-bubble and Polymer Drag Reduction Experiments," S. L. Ceccio (P.I.), D. Dowling (co-P.I.), M. Perlin (co-P.I.), M. Solomon (co-P.I.), 9/03-11/06, DARPA, $3,299,493.
  12. "Modeling and Visualization of Clutch Performance: A Proposal to the Dynax Corporation." W. W. Schultz (P. I.), S. L. Ceccio (co-P. I.), Dynax Corp., 5/03 - 7/05, $200,612
  13. "Inception and Development of Vortex and Sheet Cavitation," S. L. Ceccio (P. I.), ONR, 3/03 - 3/06, $420,066.
  14. "Hydrodynamic Sound Source Localization System," D. Dowling (P. I.), S. L. Ceccio, (co-P.I.), ONR, 5/03 - 5/04, $114,992
  15. "Scanning Laser Vibrometry System for Mistuned Bladed Disk Vibration Diagnostics," C. Pierre (P. I.), S. L. Ceccio (co-P. I.) and M. Castanier (co-P. I.), AFOSR, 5/03 - 5/04, $159,000.
  16. "Design of a High-Speed Friction Drag Reduction Experiment Using the William B. Morgan Large Cavitation Channel," S. L. Ceccio (P.I.), D. Dowling (co-P.I.), M. Perlin (co-P.I.), R. Beck (co-P.I.), 5/03- 1/04, ONR, $1,858,951.
  17. "Microscopic mechanisms for skin friction reduction by microbubbles," Y. Kodoma (co-P.I.), Y. Murai (co-P.I.), S. L. Ceccio (co-P.I.) ONR-NICOP, 12/02 - 12/05, $300,000, 3 years
  18. "Velocity and Microbubble Measurements-DURIP," ONR, $435,129, S. L. Ceccio (P. I.) 6/1/02-6/1/03
  19. "Cinema-PIV Measurements of Turbulent Co-Flow Jets," NSF, 3 Years, $255,000, J. Driscoll (P. I.), S. L. Ceccio (co-P. I.) 6/1/02-5/30/05
  20. "Dynamics and Acoustics of Trailing Edge Flows at High Reynolds Number" ONR, 9/01-12/02, $35,000, S. L. Ceccio (P. I.) and D. R. Dowling (co-P. I.) (supplement)
  21. "High Speed Ship Testing", ONR, R. Beck (P.I.), S. L. Ceccio (co-P.I.), $75,000, 3/01-9/02
  22. "Dynamics and Acoustics of Trailing Edge Flows at High Reynolds Number" ONR, 9/01-12/02, $250,000, S. L. Ceccio (P. I.) and D. R. Dowling (co-P. I.) (supplement)
  23. "Microbubble and Polymer Drag Reduction at High Reynolds Numbers and Large Scales" DARPA/ONR, $2,718,693, 3/01-12/04, S. L. Ceccio (P. I.), D. R. Dowling (co-P. I.), M. Perlin (co-P. I.)
  24. "Dynamics of Turbulent Separated Shear Flows at High Reynolds Numbers" ONR, 2/99-1/02, $120,000, S. L. Ceccio (P. I.) and D. R. Dowling (co-P. I.) (supplement)
  25. "Experiment-based Development and Validation of Mistuning Models for Bladed Disks," AFOSR, $457,456, C. Pierre (P. I.), S. L. Ceccio (co-P. I.) and M. Castanier (co-P. I.), 9/00 - 8/03
  26. "Examination of the Dynamic Behavior of Solids Distribution in Recirculating Gas-Solid Riser Reactors using Electrical Impedance Tomography," NSF, 8/00 - 7/03, $336,000, S. L. Ceccio (P. I.), W. W. Schultz (co-P. I.), and R. Cocco (co-P. I.)
  27. "Performance Testing of Blood Pumps," Terumo Cardiovascular Systems, 1/00-12/00, $75,000, S. L. Ceccio
  28. "Simulation of Cavitating Flows Using FLUENT and STAR-CD," Ford Motor Company, 3/00-12/00, $30,624, S. L. Ceccio (P. I.)
  29. "Computational Modeling of the Effect of Secondary Forces on the Phase Distribution in Dispersed Multiphase Flows," NASA, 5/00 - 11/03, $360,000 G. Tryggvason (P. I.) and S. L. Ceccio (co-P. I.)
  30. "Development of an Electrical Impedance Tomography System for GDI," Daimler-Chrysler, 9/99 -8/01, $203,205, S. L. Ceccio (P. I.) and V. Sick, (co-P. I.)
  31. "Fabrication of a Large Two-Dimensional hydrofoil for Flow Studies in the Large Cavitation Channel" ONR, 2/99-1/02, $200,000, S. L. Ceccio (P. I.) and D. R. Dowling (co-P. I.)
  32. "Dynamics of Turbulent Separated Shear Flows at High Reynolds Numbers" ONR, 2/99-1/02, $774,430, S. L. Ceccio (P. I.) and D. R. Dowling (co-P. I.)
  33. "Dynamics of Cavitation on Rotating Propulsors," ONR, 5/99-4/02, $1,683,461, S. L. Ceccio
  34. "Performance Testing of Blood Pumps," 3M-Sarns, 1/99-4/99, $40,507, S. L. Ceccio
  35. "An Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry System for the Study of Mistuned Bladed Disks" Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) 3/97-2/00, $140,000 C. Pierre (P. I.) and S. L. Ceccio (co-P.I)
  36. "Experimental-Based Development of Phenomenological Mistuning Models for Bladed Disks" Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) 3/97-2/00, $421,505, C. Pierre (P. I.) and S. L. Ceccio (co-P.I)
  37. "Development of Electrical Impedance Tomography for the Characterization of Opaque Multiphase Flows," DOE-SNL, 5/97-5/98, $30,980, S. L. Ceccio
  38. "Partial Cavitation on a 3-Dimensional Hydrofoil: Experimental and Numerical Studies-AASERT," ONR, 6/97-5/2000, $100,000, S. L. Ceccio
  39. "PIV Cinematography System for High Reynolds Number Multiphase Flows-DURIP," ONR, $139,000, S. L. Ceccio.
  40. "Liquid Metal Particle Deposition," NASA, 9/96-8/99, $66,000, S. L. Ceccio (P. I.) and G. Tryggvason (co- P. I.)
  41. "Dynamics and Closure of Sheet Cavitation," ONR, 10/95-9/98, $375,000, S. L. Ceccio
  42. "Characterization of Sprinkler Sprays and Their Interaction with Fire Induced Flows," NIST, 9/95-8/98, $309,735, A. Atreya and S. L. Ceccio
  43. "Fundamentals of Mold-Free Casting: Experiments and Computational Studies," NASA, 1/94-12/95, $103,329, S. L. Ceccio (P. I.) and G. Tryggvason (co- P. I.)
  44. "Fluid Mechanics of Electrorheological Materials," Rackham Fellowship, 1993, $12,000, S. L. Ceccio.
  45. "HPIV Measurements in Cavitating Flows," Office of Naval Research, 10/92-9/95, $173,239, S. L. Ceccio (P. I.) and L. Bernal. (co-P. I.)
  46. "Experimental Study of Cavitation Transients and Boundary Layer Interactions," ONR, 6/91-5/94, $228,372 with $25,000 supplement 6/92, S. L. Ceccio.
  47. "Large Scale Experiments on Cavitation Bubble Dynamics and Acoustics-AASERT Augmentation Award," ONR, 9/92-10/95, $227,401, S. L. Ceccio.
  48. "Large Scale Experiments on Cavitation Bubble Dynamics and Acoustics," Office of Naval Research, 1/91-12/92, $118,949, S. L. Ceccio.