Hafsi, Ibrahim, "Recherches sur le genre 'Tabaqat' dans la littérature arabe," Arabica, xxiii (1976), pp. 227-265; xxiv (1977), pp. 1-41, 150-186.

Haldon, J.F., review of Kaegi's Byzantium and the early Islamic conquests, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, vol. 3, no. 3, 1993, pp. 437-440 (E).

Hallaq, Wael B., Law and Legal Theory in Classical and Medieval Islam, London: Variorum, 1995.

---, "On Inductive Corroboration, Probability and Certainty in Sunni Legal Thought," Chapter 1 in: Heer, Nicholas (Editor), Islamic Law and Jurisprudence, University of Washington Press, Seattle and London, 1990, pp. 3-31.

Includes discussion on tawatur of hadiths and how in the eyes of Islamic scholars they could lead to certitude. -BS

---, "The Use and Abuse of Evidence: The Question of Provincial and Roman Influences on Early Islamic Law," Journal of American Oriental Society, 110 (1990), pp. 79-91.

This is a detailed review of Crone's book, Roman, Provincial and Islamic Law, 1990. He argues that the pieces of evidence which she presents do not prove her thesis. Crone's book and this review are relevant to the study of the early development of Muslim law. -BS

---, "Was the Gate of Ijtihad Closed?" International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, xvi, 1984, 3-41.

---, "Considerations on the Function and Character of Islamic Legal Theory," Journal of the American Oriental Society, civ (1984), 679-689.

---, "On the Authoritativeness of Sunni Consensus," International Journal of Middle East Studies, 18, 4(1986).

---, "Notes on the Term qarina in Islamic Legal Discourse," Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. 108, no. 3, July-September 1988, 475-480.

Author's abstract: "The term qarina in Islamic legal discourse represents a central technical concept whose multifarious meanings have not been adequately explicated in the authoritative technical dictionaries. While qarina plays an important role in the linguistic interpretation of the texts-- thus partaking in the very process of defining the language of the law-- it is of no less significance in the epistemic evaluation of Prophetic traditions. The various technical connotations of the term qarina in these spheres of legal theory, as well as in positive and substantive law are the main concern of these notes."

---, "On the origins of the controversy about the existence of mujtahids and the gate of ijtihad," Studia Islamica, vol. 63, 1986, pp. 129-141.

---, "The development of logical structure in Sunni legal theory," Der Islam, vol. 64, 1987, pp. 42-67.

---, "A tenth-century treatise on juridical dialectic," Muslim World, vol. 77, 1987, pp. 197-206. (Abu Husayn al-Basri's Kitab al-Qiyas al-Shar'i).

---, "Was Al-Shafi'i the master architect of Islamic jurisprudence?" International Journal of Middle East Studies, vol. 25, 1993, pp. 587-605.

Reviewed by C. Melchert in: Arabica, vol. XLIV, no. 2, April 1997, pp. 308-316.

---, Review of Weiss's In Search of God's Law, IJMES, vols. 26, no. 1, 1994, pp. 257-8.

---, "From fatwâs to furü': growth and change in Islamic substantive law," in Islamic Law and Society, vol. 1, no. 1, 1994, pp. 29-65.

Hamidullah, Muhammad, "Early History of the Compilation of the Hadith," Islamic Literature, Lahore, 1966, vol 12, no. 3, pp. 5-10.

On the extant hadith manuscript of Hammam b. Munabbih (d. 131/748).

---, The earliest extant work on the Hadith: Sahifah Hammam ibn Munabbih, comprising as-Sahifah as-Sahihah of Abu-Harairah, prepared for his pupil Hammam ibn Munabbih, together with an introduction to the history of the early compilation of the Hadith, 5th rev. ed., Paris, Centre Culturel Islamique, 116 p., Microform: Princeton, J.N.: Princeton University, 1 microfilm reel, 35 mm., 1961, 1983

---, Six originaux des lettres du Prophète de l'islam: étude paliographique et historique des lettres du Prophète, Paris: Tougui, 1985, 238 p.

Harley, A.H., "The Musnad of Umar b. Abdi'l-Aziz," Journal of Asiatic Society of Bengal, New Series, 20, 1924, pp. 391-488.

Hasan, Ahmad, "The Theory of Naskh," Islamic Studies 4 (1965): 181-200.

---, The Early Development of Islamic Jurisprudence, Pakistan, Islamic Research Institute, 1970.

Hassam, Abdel-Rahman, "Le droit musulman et le droit romain," Archives d'histoire du droit oriental 4 (1949): 301-17.

Hassan, Riffat, "Made from Adam's Rib, The Woman's Creation Question,"" Al-Mushir, Vol. XXVII, Pakistan, 1985, pp. 124-155.

A section of this paper is entitled "Significant Ahadith in regard to women's creation." She critically examines the isnad and matns of some hadiths and contrasts them with the Qur'an. The paper concludes with rousing words: "It is imperative for the Muslim daughters of Hawwa to realize that the history of their subjugation and humiliation at the hands of the sons of Adam began with the story of Hawwa's creation and that their future will be no different from their past unless they... challenge the authenticity of the ahadith which make them ontologically inferior, subordinate and crooked. It is gratifying to know that these ahadith cannot be the words of the Prophet of Islam... Regardless of how male chauvinist Muslims project their androcentrism and misogyny upon their Prophet..." -BS

---, "Equal before Allah? Woman-man equality in the Islamic tradition," Harvard Divinity Bulletin, January-May 1987, pp. 2-4.

Hatiboglu, Mehmed S., "Hazreti Aise'nin Hadis Tenkidciligi", Ilahiyat Fakultasi Dergisi, Ankara, 1973, 19(1): 59-74.

Hawting, G.R., "The Significance of the Slogan La Hukm Illa Lillah and the References to the Hudud in the Traditions about the Fitna and the Murder of Uthman," BSOAS 2 (1971): 3346-67.

---, "Hudaybiyya and the Conquest of Mecca: a Reconsideration of the Tradition About the Muslim Takeover of the Sanctuary," Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam, vol. 8, 1986, pp. 1-23.

The paper aims to show that two originally independent traditions, one about the conquest of Mecca, the other about the takeover of the sanctuary, were linked to one another at a secondary stage. Part of the paper deals with the expression al-fath, which seems to be connected to the expedition to Hudaibiyya at least as much as to the conquest of Mecca. Moreover, traditions about the takeover of the sanctuary appear in other contexts as well, such as the 'umrat al-qada' or the hijjat al-wada'. -AG

---, "The role of Qur'an and Hadith in the legal controversy about the rights of a divorced woman during her waiting period ('idda)", BSOAS, vol. lii, Part 3, 1989, pp. 430-445.

---, "We were not ordered with entering it but only with circumambulating it. Hadith and Fiqh on entering the Ka'ba," BSOAS, 47, 1984, pp. 228-242.

---, "The tawwabun, atonement and 'Ashura," Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam, vol. 17, 1994, pp. 166-181.

---, "An ascetic vow and an unseemly oath? Îlâ' and Zihâr in Muslim law," Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, vol. 57, p. 1, 1994, pp. 113-125.

---, "The Hajj in the second civil war," Golden Roads: migration, pilgrimage and travel in mediaeval and modern Islam, edited by I.R. Netton, Richmond: Curzon Press, 1993, pp. 31-42.

---, "Two citations of the Qur'ân in 'historical' sources for early Islam," Approaches to the Qur'an, edited by G.R. Hawting and Abdul-Kader A.Shareef, London: Routledge, 1993, pp. 260-268.

---, review of Irfan Shahid's Byzantium and the Arabs in the fifth century, Der Islam, vol. 70, no. 1, 1993, pp. 177-181 (E).

---, review of Harald Motzki's Die Anfange der islamischen Jurisprudenz, in BSOAS 59 (1996): 141-143.

Hinds, Martin, "Kufan Political Alignments and Their Background in the Mid-Seventh Century A.D.," International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 2 (1971): 346-67.

Historical Association of Kenya, Hadith 3, Nairobi, East African Pub. House, 1971, 210 p. map. 23 cm.

Hopkins, Simon, Studies in the Grammar of Early Arabic, Based upon Papyri Datable to before A.H. 300/A.D. 912, London Oriental Series, vol. 37, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984.

Horovitz, Josef, "Alter und Ursprung des Isnad," Der Islam, 8 (1917-18): 39-47.

---, "The Earliest Biographies of the Prophet and Their Authors," Islamic Culture, 2 (1927), 535-59; 3 (1928), 22-54, 164-82, 495-526.

Hossain, A.H.M. Mujtaba, "The role of memory in the preservation of Hadith in Islam," Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, June 01 1990, v. 35, n 1, p. 121

Howard, I.K.A. "Mut'a Marriage Reconsidered in the Context of the Formal Procedures for Islamic Marriage," Journal of Semitic Studies, 20 (1975): 82-92.

---, "The Development of adhan and iqama," Journal of Semitic Studies, 26 (1981): 219-28.

Humphreys, R.S., Islamic History; a Framework for Inquiry, Revised Edition, Princeton University Press, 1991.

An important bibliographical essay, to be consulted for the study of any aspect of Muslim civilization in the years 600-1500 A.D. -BS

---, R.S., "Historiography, Islamic," Dictionary of the Middle Ages, vi, 249-255.

---, "Qur'anic Myth and Narrative Structure in Early Islamic Historiography," In F.M. Clover and R.S. Humphreys (Eds.), Tradition and Innovation in Late Antiquity, Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Press, 1989, pp. 271-290.

Hutchinson, Steven, "TI Counterfeit Chains of Discourse: A Comparison of Citation in Cervantes' Casamiento/Coloquio and in Islamic hadith, Cervantes: Bulletin of the Cervantes Society of America, vol. 8, no. 2, Fall 1988, p141-158. (Sp. sum.), 1988, Claremont, CA, 91711-6333.