Baker, Dean, "The WTO and the World's Poor," truthout, July 12, 2006. Online
	By how much does the average poor person in the world stand to gain from a WTO trade agreement, according to the author? Why would some of the world's poor be hurt if rich countries stop subsidizing agricultural production? What change in economic policy does the author suggest for helping the world's poor?

Barfield, Claude, "US-South Korea FTA: A Tipping Point?" The Policy Monitor, Medley Global Advisors, April 13, 2007. Online
	What, besides trade in manufactured goods, does the US-South Korea FTA deal with? What does the author think that the US-South Korea FTA will cause, in addition to increased trade between the US and South Korea? What does he mean by a "docking provision"?

Bhagwati, Jagdish, "Foes of Free Trade Get a Foot in the Door," Financial Times, May 22, 2007. Online
	What was the compromise that caused the Democrats in Congress to enter an agreement with the Bush administration regarding trade, announced on May 10? Why does the author say that insisting on labor-rights provisions in trade agreements will be "well nigh useless"? What motivates Democrats to want labor standards in trade agreements, according to the author, and why does he say they are mistaken?

Bhagwati, Jagdish, Arvind Panagariya, and T.N. Strinivasan, "The Muddles over Outsourcing," preliminary, June 30, 2004, Section VI only, pp. 30-37. Online
	How could outsourcing create new jobs in the U.S.? What fraction of US job losses each year are estimated to be due to outsourcing? Do workers displaced by outsourcing end up in lower paid jobs? Is this different for workers displaced for other causes?

Bivens, L. Josh, "Marketing the Gains from Trade," Issue Brief #233, Economic Policy Institute, June 19, 2007. Online

Several estimates are reported here for the size of the gains from trade for the United States. What is the lowest estimate, what is the highest, and what does the author think is correct? (Check these both in terms of dollars and as a percentage of US GDP.) The largest of these estimates is based on a particular academic study. Who wrote that study? What feature of that study led to such a large estimate? The author agrees that cutting trade barriers would raise US national income. Why, then, does he seem to be skeptical that doing so is a good idea?

Bivens, L. Josh, "Offshoring," EPI Issue Guide, Economic Policy Institute, May 2006. Online
	How does this paper define offshoring? How extensive is offshoring today, in terms of employment flows and economic impact? What policy changes does the author favor with regard to offshoring?

Blustein, Paul, "Global Trade Talks: The Doha Disaster," The Brookings Institution, July 9, 2007. Online
	Why was the Doha Round called the "Development Round," and what did this have to do with September 11, 2001? What policies did each of the major players in Potsdam refuse to give up, leading to the meeting's deadlock? Who, according to the author, will be hurt most by the failure of the Doha Round?

Borjas, George, "Economic Progress of Immigrants," digest by David R. Francis, July 28, 2006, of "Making it in America: Social Mobility in the Immigrant Population" (NBER Working Paper No. 12088) NBER Website. Online
	How does the quantity of immigration into the US today compare to with 1970? What are the reasons that Borjas gives for expecting today's immigrants to assimilate more slowly than those of a century ago? Were earlier groups of immigrants to the United States permitted instruction in their native language?

Bradford, Colin I. and Johannes F. Linn, "Global Economic Governance at a Crossroads: Replacing the G-7 with the G-20," Policy Brief #131, Brookings Institution, 2004. Online
	What countries are included in the G-7 and what does it do? What countries are in the G-20? What were the world's five largest economies in 2002, according to this article? What reasons are given here for shifting the annual meetings of heads of state from the G-7 to the G-20?

Brainard, Lael, "Global Views: Currency Exchange Rate Oversight Reform Act of 2007" The Brookings Institution, June 14, 2007. Online
	What is the target of the Currency Exchange Rate Oversight Reform Act of 2007? What does the Act require in cases of "fundamental misalignment"? How, according to the author, does this bill differ from other measures that have been proposed?

Brainard, Lael and Robert E. Litan, " 'Offshoring' Service Jobs: Bane or Boon and What to Do?" Policy Brief #132, Brookings Institution, 2004. Online
	What percentage of those in the U.S. who involuntarily lose their jobs each year do the authors estimate are due to offshoring? What are the two major effects of offshoring, according to economic theory? What policies do the authors recommend for responding to increase in offshoring?

Buffett, Warren E., "America's Growing Trade Deficit Is Selling the Nation Out From Under Us. Here's a Way to Fix the Problem--And We Need to Do It Now," Fortune, November 10, 2003. Online
	Why wouldn't the citizens of Thriftville be willing simply to hold the IOUs of Squanderville? Is the U.S. trade deficit quantitatively important? What policy solution does Buffett propose for ending the trade deficit?

Center for Global Development, "Global Trade and Development," Rich World, Poor World: A Guide to Global Development. Online
	How important is trade for the United States, and especially its trade with developing countries? Did NAFTA help the people in Mexico? Do US tariffs cause greater harm in other rich countries or in poor ones? Who gets more from rich country governments: rich country farmers or poor countries?

Copenhagen Consensus, "Copenhagen Consensus 2006: A United Nations Perspective," Copenhagen Consensus Center, Copenhagen Business School. Online
	What was the Copenhagen Consensus Project? Of the following issues, which made it high onto their list of things to do something about, and which were placed toward the bottom of the list: climate change, communicable diseases, conflict prevention, financial instability, and malnutrition and hunger? How did the panel evaluate the issue of subsidies and trade barriers?

Crook, Clive, "A cruel sea of capital," Surveys, The Economist, May 1, 2003. Online (Proquest)
	Why are capital market decisions more prone to mistakes than goods market decisions? Why does leverage increase the riskiness of capital market transactions? What market makes international financial transactions inherently more risky than domestic ones?

Deardorff, Alan V., "An Economist's Overview of the World Trade Organization," in Korea Economic Institute, The Emerging WTO System and Perspectives from East Asia, Joint U.S.-Korea Academic Studies Vol 7, 1997. Online (Working Paper Version)
	What are the major constraints that the WTO imposes upon member country trade policies? What exceptions does the WTO permit in its most-favored-nation requirement? What power does the WTO have to enforce its rules?

Deardorff, "Introduction to Comparative Advantage," August 27, 2003. Online
	Why is comparative advantage a relative concept in two senses simultaneously? With two goods and two countries, how do you identify the good in which a country has a comparative advantage? It the wage rate in a country falls due to trade, do workers lose from trade?

Deardorff, Alan V., "Nontariff Barriers and Domestic Regulation," Parts I and II. Online

Which of the nontariff barriers analyzed here have effects on domestic prices and quantities produced and consumed that are in the same direction as the effects of a tariff? Which do not? What are the main differences between the effects of a quota and those of a tariff? If a government wants to help domestic producers of a good, how should domestic demanders of this good prefer that it be done: with a tariff or with a domestic production subsidy?

Deardorff, Alan V. and Robert M. Stern, "What You Should Know about Globalization and the World Trade Organization," December 5, 2001. Online (Synergy)
	To what extent is globalization a new phenomenon? Who are the main winners and losers from globalization? In what ways does the WTO have powers that are broader and/or more effective than those of the GATT? Why did the WTO ministerial meeting in Seattle in 1999 fail?

Easterly, William, "What Bono Doesn't Say about Africa," LATimes.com, July 6, 2007. Online
	Why does Easterly object to Bob Geldof's claim about the Four Horsemen? Why is Easterly not concerned that Africa will fail to meet the Millennium Development Goals? What, in Easterly's view, will help Africa grow and escape poverty?

Eberstadt, Nicholas N., "Development Assistance and Economic Freedom," American Enterprise Institute, Nov 1996. Online
	Has official development assistance been successful in improving the well-being of the recipient countries? What does the author define as economic freedom? Does official development assistance contribute positively or negative to economic freedom? Why, or why not?

Economist, "Sizzling," The Economist, July 7, 2007. Online

What, according to the article, does the theory of purchasing power parity say? What is in the "basket" for the PPP exchange rates reported here? How are exchange rates expected to deviate from PPP in poor countries and in rich countries, and why? Particular departures from PPP, such as that of the Japanese yen, are explained here in terms of the "carry trade." What is that, and what effect does it have?

Economist, "Gauging generosity," Economics Focus, The Economist, May 1, 2003. Online (Proquest)
	What is "tied aid"? What country gives the most aid, in absolute amount? What country gives the least, as percent of GDP? How can a trade policy be regarded as helping economic development?

Edwards, Sebastian, "America's Unsustainable Current Account Deficit," digest by Matthew Davis, July 28, 2006, of "Is the U.S. Current Account Deficit Sustainable? And If So How Costly Is Adjustment Likely to Be?" (NBER Working Paper No. 11541) NBER Website. Online

How big, compared to GDP, has the US net liabilities to foreigners and also its current account deficit, gotten to be? What other large industrialized countries have done something similar, either today or in the past? Is the author's gloomy prediction based on the assumption that foreigners will be unwilling to hold more US assets than they are now? What does he predict for the US exchange rate and its effect on the US economy?

Eiras, Ana Isabel, "The United States Is No Longer the Champion of Economic Freedom," Backgrounder No. 1781, Heritage Foundation, July 23, 2004. Online
	How is "economic freedom" defined? How does the Heritage Foundation measure it? Foreign direct investment is viewed here as an important indicator. Is it inward FDI or outward FDI that the author regards a desirable effect of economic freedom, and why? What reasons are given for the fall of the US in the economic freedom rankings?

Eldredge, Dirk Chase, "YES: Immigration will double the population of the United States within the next 60 years," Insight on the News, Feb 18, 2002. Online
	How much of the US population growth since 1970 has consisted of people who were born outside the US? What are some of the shortages that the author attributes to immigration? What does the author mean when he says that "balkanization has replaced assimilation"?

Esipisu, Manoah, "Africa Urges Removal of Subsidies to Fight Poverty," East African Standard, October 21, 2005. Online
	Of the various things that the industrialized countries could do for poverty in Africa, what is said to be the "real key" to helping them? If the WTO fails, what does the article suggest may happen? How costly are US cotton subsidies said to be for one of Africa's cotton exporters?

Faux, Jeff, "NAFTA at 10," The Nation, February 2, 2004, posted under Viewpoints, Economic Policy Institute. Online
	For whose benefit, in the author's view, was NAFTA negotiated and how did it achieve this purpose? Have Mexican workers gained from NAFTA? Why have those who originally opposed the NAFTA in the three countries not united to oppose it and/or change it?

Feenstra, Robert C., "How Costly Is Protectionism," Journal of Economic Perspectives 6, Summer 1992, pp. 159-171,175-178. Online-JSTOR
	How much more do consumers lose from protection than the country loses? Who gets the difference? What determines who gets the quota rents? If foreign firms respond to a quota by "upgrading" their product, how can that be bad? Why might foreign firms respond to protection by investing in the U.S., and what are the welfare effects if they do?

Ferguson, Niall, "Our Currency, Your Problem" New York Times, March 13, 2005. Online
	Who is financing most of the US external borrowing? How does this help us? How does it help them? Why, according to this author, might the US be able to continue in this way for a long time?

Food and Agriculture Organization, "Cotton Subsidies in Rich Countries Mean Lower Prices Worldwide," FAONewsroom, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2005. Online
	Why do US cotton subsidies hurt people in Africa? Who is hurt? Who can produce cotton more cheaply, Africans or Americans? Are African cotton farmers problems due solely to US subsidies?

Forbes, Kristin, "The Costs of International Capital Controls," digest by Matthew Davis, July 28, 2006, of "The Microeconomic Evidence on Capital Controls: No Free Lunch," NBER working paper No. 11372. Online
	What are capital controls, as considered here? Who seems to suffer the most from capital controls, in the evidence reported here, and why? Who is hurt when capital controls are removed?

Frankel, Jeffrey A., "The International Financial Architecture," Brookings Policy Brief No. 51, June 1999. Online+ Fig 3
	What are the nine exchange regimes that Frankel identifies, and how do they fit into the spectrum of exchange-rate flexibility? What are the classical criteria for an optimal currency area, and what criteria does Frankel add to this list? What is the impossible trinity?

Fraser Institute, "The Brain Drain... or Gain?" Fraser Forum Editorial, January 1999. Online
	Is the "brain drain" from Canada to the U.S. a new phenomenon? Has migration ever gone the other direction? Has migration between the US and Canada ever been motivated by something other than economics? What, according to the author, is the major cost to Canada of the brain drain?

Fraser Institute, "When Foreign Aid Doesn't," Fraser Forum Editorial, February 1999. Online
	What seems to be the direct cause of the reversal of growth in Côte d'Ivoire? What is the connection between foreign aid and this episode?

Glassman, James K., "Illogical Special Trade Deals," Washington Times, July 24, 2006. Online
	What does GSP stand for, and what does the program do? What have countries done that makes the author wish to deny them GSP status? What change in policy does the author recommend?

Global Exchange, "The Global Rulemakers," web site. Online
	Who, according to this site, are the main beneficiaries of the international economic institutions?

Griswold, Daniel T., "Are Trade Deficits Good for the U.S. Economy?" The Globalist, Feb. 15, 2005. Online
	Does the US economy do better (in terms of GDP growth or employment) when the trade deficit is getting larger or when it is getting smaller? What does this imply about the desirability of policies that would change the trade balance? Do we know any reason for a causal link between the trade balance and income? What seems to be the author's purpose in making these points?

Griswold, Daniel T., "NO: Immigrants have enriched American culture and enhanced our influence in the world," Insight on the News, Feb 18, 2002. Online
	How does US immigration today compare to that 100 years ago, and to that 30 years ago? Are immigrants on average a drain on government budgets? Why, according to the author, would completely stopping immigration not prevent potential terrorists from entering the US?

Hartwell, Christopher A. "The Case against Capital Controls Financial Flows, Crises, and the Flip Side of the Free-Trade Argument," Cato Policy Analysis No. 403, June 14, 2001, abstract only. Online
	What reasons are said to be given in favor of capital controls? Why does the author oppose controls?

Hufbauer, Gary Clyde and Paul L.E. Grieco, "The Payoff from Globalization," Washington Post, June 7, 2005. Online
	By how much have US tariffs fallen over 60 years? By how much have incomes risen due to reduced costs of trade? With tariffs now low, is their scope for any further liberalization? Why? Who loses from liberalization, how, and how much?

Jones, Laura, "Should Environmentalists Support Free Trade?" Fraser Forum, The Fraser Institute, December 1999. Online
	What evidence supports or contradicts the "produce-more-pollute-more" model? What is a "pollution haven" and why is, or is not, this a cause for concern? Why shouldn't all countries have the same environmental standards? Does the WTO permit, or prevent, a "race to the bottom"?

Kharas, Homi, "Ten Years After the East Asian Crisis: A Resurgent and Restructured Region," The Brookings Institution, June 27, 2007. Online
	How has the speed of recovery from the East Asian crisis compared to that from the Debt Crisis of Latin America earlier? Have the countries retreated from globalization or embraced it after the crisis? What is distinctive about the internal migration of people that as been occurring in these countries, and what stresses is it causing?

Krueger, Anne and T.N. Srinivasan, "The Harsh Consequences of Forgiveness," Financial Times, August 8, 2000. Online
	What policy do the authors prefer to debt forgiveness? What reasons do they give for this preference?

Krugman, Paul, "In Praise of Cheap Labor: Bad jobs at bad wages are better than no jobs at all," Slate, Mar 20, 1997. Online
	Have wages and incomes in the developing world risen during the last 20 years? Why are wages so low in the developing world? What would happen to foreign workers if U.S. multinationals were required to pay them American wages?

Krugman, Paul R., "Is Free Trade Passé?", Journal of Economic Perspectives 1, Fall 1987, pp. 131-144. Online-JSTOR

What is Strategic Trade Policy? Why was traditional trade theory unable to address the issues of the new trade theory? In the Boeing-Airbus game of the paper, what happens if Europe provides the subsidy only after Boeing has made an irreversible commitment to produce? What is the difference between the external economies of the new trade theory and those of previous trade theory? Give three reasons why, in practice, the gains from strategic trade policy are likely to be smaller than the simple arguments for them might suggest. If the gains from a policy are small, is that reason enough not to use it? Give two reasons why political economy considerations suggest that the effects of policy intervention may well be negative.

Lachman, Desmond, "Europe's Economic Fantasy," Articles, American Enterprise Institute, March 24, 2006. Online
	Why does the author oppose adding more countries to the euro? What are the signs that Italy if doing poorly under the euro? What policies is Italy prevented from using under the euro and under the Maastricht Criteria? What is the "only real way out" for Italy?

Lachman, Desmond, "The World Has Changed, Why Won't the Fund and the Bank?," TCS Daily, July 13, 2007. Online
	What has happened, over the last few years, to the IMF's portfolio of outstanding loans? Why? What has happened, over the last ten years, to employment in the IMF and World Bank? What, according to the author, are the proper roles for the two institutions today?

Lerrick, Adam, "Why Is the World Bank Still Lending?," On the Issues, American Enterprise Institute, November 9, 2005. Online

Why was lending by the World Bank to developing countries a useful form of development assistance in the first decades after the Bank was created. Why is it no longer useful? What is meant by the Bank's "technical assistance," and why does it make developing countries less, rather than more, likely to borrow from the Bank? How is the Bank able to continue to lend to countries like China when it now has such good access to world capital markets itself?

Levin, Jay H., A Guide to the Euro, 2002, pp. 41-51.
	What are the benefits and costs to a country of joining the eurozone? What is an optimal currency area, and what are the criteria for a group of countries being one? What is the main requirement of the Stability and Growth Pact, and how is it to be enforced?

Levinsohn, James and Margaret McMillan, "Does Food Aid Harm the Poor?" NBER Working Paper No. 11048, January 2005, as summarized by Carlos Lozada on the NBER Website. Online
	Why is food aid not necessarily beneficial to everyone in a poor country? How do the authors of the study determine who gains and loses from food aid, and what do they conclude?

Levy, Phillip, "How to Let China Know We're Serious" TCS Daily, July 19, 2007. Online
	What is Section 421, and how has it been used? What will happen to US imports and the US trade deficit if we put tariffs on goods imported from China? What does Levy say the US should threaten to do, if it is serious? Why?

Lindsey, Brink, "WTO Bashers Would Slam the Door on the World's Poor," The Bridge, December 2, 1999. Online
	On what basis does the author believe that the WTO serves the interests of the world's poor? Does he believe that opponents of the WTO want to hurt the poor?

Lindsey, Brink and Daniel J. Ikenson, "Coming Home to Roost: Proliferating Anti-Dumping Laws and the Threat to U.S. Exports," Cato Trade Policy Analysis No. 14, July 30, 2001. Online
	By how much has anti-dumping use increased since the 1980s, overall and by developing countries? Has the U.S. been common or uncommon target of these cases, and how has it fared in the cases where it was the target? Who supports continuing anti-dumping laws in their current form?

Lipsey, Robert, "Direct Investment Is a Steady Source of Foreign Capital," National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 7094, June 2000, digest by Justin Fox. Online
	How does the author define direct investment? Which is more volatile, direct investment or portfolio investment? Who gets the most, and who gives the most, direct investment?

Makin, John H., "America's External Balances," Economic Outlook, American Enterprise Institute, August 1, 2006. Online
	Has the real value of the U.S. dollar risen, fallen, or stayed the same since the early 1990s? What does the author mean when he says that the U.S. has a comparative advantage in "providing wealth storage facilities"? Others speak of the U.S. external "imbalance" while he speaks of the external "balance." Why?

Makin, John H., "Don't Fear a Weaker Dollar," Wall Street Journal, May 22, 2003. Online
	What is this author's main objective in arguing that a weaker dollar is not a bad thing? Does he recommend that countries other than the US pursue policies that would make the dollar weak? What did the Japanese do wrong, in his opinion, in response to the weakening dollar, and what should they have done instead?

Makin, John H., "Exchange Rate Stability in International Finance," Testimony, American Enterprise Institute, May 21, 1999. Online
	What is the main benefit of floating exchange rates that the author cites? Why did the pegs collapse under Bretton Woods in the 1970s? In Europe in the early 1990s? In Asia in 1997? Why has China been able, so far, to maintain its pegged exchange rate?

Mandel, Michael, "The Real Cost of Offshoring," Business Week, June 18, 2007. Online
	What is "phantom GDP"? What is actually being measured as productivity, when there is phantom GDP, according to Feenstra? Why is this a problem?

Mann, Catherine L. and Katharina Plück, "When the Dollar Bill Comes Due," Op-ed, Institute for International Economics, April 27, 2005. Online
	What happened to the US trade deficit when the US dollar depreciated by 25% over the last two years? Why did the depreciation not reduce our imports from China and Mexico? Based on estimates of "pass-through," by how much would prices of imports have risen, after several quarters, from those countries whose currencies' dollar values rose by 25%? Why is pass-through less than complete?

Mastel, Greg, "Keep Anti-Dumping Laws Intact," Journal of Commerce, September 10, 1999. Online
	What is it that the author says makes anti-dumping laws a "practical necessity"? In what countries and products does the author see these problems as being most severe? According to the author, did the Uruguay Round agreements make anti-dumping laws harder or easier to use?

McGillivray, Fiona, Democratizing the World Trade Organization, Hoover Press, 2000. Online

Who votes in the WTO? What are the roles of "principal supplier" and "principal demander" in tariff negotiations, and what does this imply about the power of various countries? If you are a group that wants Congress to change US trade policy, would you rather be concentrated in a single geographic location, dispersed evenly across the country, or something in between these extremes? According to the author, do multinational corporations have a large or a small role in influencing US trade policy and the WTO?

Prestowitz, Clyde, "Globalization's Next Victim: Us" San Francisco Chronicle, July 10, 2005. Online
	What, according to the author, attracts high tech companies to invest in China? What does he say that US policy attempts to maximize, and what would he prefer that we do?

Prusa, Thomas, "On the Spread and Impact of Antidumping," National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 7404, October 1999, digest by Matt Nesvisky. Online
	What is the evidence that developing countries are becoming increasing users of anti-dumping duties? Why are developing countries doing this? Which would the author prefer, that all countries start to use anti-dumping laws, or that all countries stop using them?

Purvis, Nigel, "Greening U.S. Foreign Aid through the Millennium Challenge Account," Policy Brief #119, The Brooking Institution, June 2003. Online
	What is the MCA? How does the paper define "sustainable development"? Does the author favor expanding the MCA's eligibility criteria to include environmental performance?

Rajan, Raghuram and Arvind Subramanian, "No Evidence that Aid Stimulates Growth," digest by Matthew Davis, July 28, 2006, of "Aid and Growth: What Does the Cross-Country Evidence Really Show?" (NBER Working Paper No. 11513) NBER Website. Online

Which of the following best describes the authors' results: The data show that aid reduces growth. The data show that aid does not increase growth. If aid increases growth, the effect cannot be found in the data. Did the authors look at food aid or at aid targeted at economic sectors? Did they look at aid provided bilaterally by individual countries, or at aid provided by multilateral institutions such as the World Bank? Does their evidence suggest that aid does not help to reduce poverty?

Rice, Susan E., "We Must Put More on the Plate to Fight Global Poverty," Washington Post, July 5, 2005. Online
	How much money did the organizers of Live 8 want countries to devote to economic development in poor countries? Is the US meeting that goal? Is there any connection between poverty and terrorism? How is health in rich countries related to poverty in poor countries?

Roberts, Paul Craig, "Statement of the Honorable Paul Craig Roberts, Ph.D., before the U.S. China Economic and Security Review Commission", VDARE.com, September 29, 2003. Online
	What assumptions about factor mobility does the author say are essential to the theory of comparative advantage? Which of these assumptions does he think no longer holds, and why? What is happening as a result? What policies does he recommend to deal with this problem?

Roig-Franzia, Manuel, "Sharp Reaction to Immigration Bill's Defeat", Washington Post, June 30, 2007, p. A18. Online
	How many undocumented migrants are in the US? The article reports reactions abroad to the defeat of the US immigration bill. From what countries do these reactions come, and are they positive or negative? What effects are predicted to result from the defeat of the bill?

Roth, Mark, "Wage Insurance: A Way to Ease Outsourcing Angst?," Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, March 24, 2004. Online
	If a worker loses their job, what does wage insurance pay them, and when? Does the United States have a wage insurance program? What are some of the reasons why wage insurance might be politically attractive?

Sachs, Jeffrey D., "Foreign Aid Skeptics Thrive on Pessimism," Los Angeles Times, May 7, 2006. Online
	What are the three steps that the author sees as needed to pull people out of poverty? Where have countries and parts of countries succeeded in reducing poverty? What does he cite as the "standards for successful aid"?

Samida, Dexter, "Working 9 to 9," Fraser Forum, The Fraser Institute, September 2000. Online
	What will be the effect of forcing higher wages and better working conditions in poor countries? What steps would help to raise productivity? How do wages paid by multinationals compare to local firms in developing countries?

Schaefer, Brett D., "American Generosity Is Underappreciated," Web Memo, Heritage Foundation, December 30, 2004. Online
	How does the US compare to other rich countries in the amount of foreign aid that the government gives, both in dollars and as a percent of income? From the numbers given, how would you guess we would compare, as a percent of income, if private aid were included as well as government aid? What does it mean to "focus on inputs rather than outputs"?

Schaefer, Brett D., "Congress Should Fully Fund the Millennium Challenge Account," Web Memo, Heritage Foundation, June 27, 2005. Online
	What do MCA and MCC stand for? How does the MCA differ from traditional foreign aid, and why? As of this writing, approximately what percentage of the funds appropriated to the MCA had been committed to countries (and how many countries)? Does this support the case for additional funding?

Schaefer, Brett D., "Congress Should Support Extension of TPA," Executive Memorandum, Heritage Foundation, March 21, 2005. Online
	What is TPA? What did it used to be called? What does it do? Why do advocates of trade agreements think that TPA is so important? As of this writing, with how many countries did the U.S. have free trade agreements? Is the U.S. doing as much as other countries to form such agreements?

Schavey, Aaron, "The Catch-22 of U.S. Trade," Knight-Ridder/Tribune News Wire, March 9, 2001. Online
	What was the average U.S. tariff in 1999, and what were the average tariffs faced by exports from Nepal and Bangladesh? Why are these different? Who gains and loses from U.S. textile and apparel tariffs and their removal? What, if anything, protects the losers? What does the WTO's Agreement on Textiles and Clothing promise, and how well has the U.S. delivered on that promise?

Scott, Robert E., "Increases in Foreign Liabilities Financed through Sale of Government Securities," International Picture, Economic Policy Institute, June 30, 2006. Online
	What is the NIIP? How are the current account and the NIIP related? How have US government interest payments varied over the last 20 years?

Scott, Robert E. and David Ratner, "NAFTA's Cautionary Tale: Recent History Suggests CAFTA Could Lead to Further U.S. Job Displacement," EPI Issue Brief #214, Economic Policy Institute, July 20, 2005. Online
	What do the authors argue happened to US employment as a result of NAFTA, both nationwide and state by state? How do they calculate these employment effects? What do they mean by "domestic exports"? How would their results differ if they used total exports in place of domestic exports?

Shah, Apoorva, "We Can't Live with or without Aid, So What Now?," TCS Daily, July 24, 2007. Online
	What does the World Bank "Doing Business Reports" measure? Why is this important, and why is it not the only thing that is important? What institution does the article stress the lack of in Africa, compared to India? What does the author want philanthropic organizations to do?

Skerry, Peter and Stephen J. Rockwell, "The Cost of a Tighter Border: People-Smuggling Networks" The Los Angeles Times, May 3, 1998. Online
	What effect has tighter border control had on
	How migrants enter the country? The cost of illegal entry? The lives of migrants once they are in?

Solomon, Robert, "International Effects of the Euro," Policy Brief No. 42, Brookings Institution, January 1999. Online
	Who manages the euro? What are the main effects of the euro as identified here? How is the value of the euro expected to change?

Stelzer, Irwin M., "Immigration: Hard Facts," American Enterprise Institute, Aug 1997. Online
	Does US immigration policy favor Western Europeans? How does the flow of immigrants today compare to the past? Do immigrants cause higher crime, lower wages, and higher taxes? Is the net economic effect of immigration in the U.S. positive or negative?

Stern, Robert M., "Labor Standards and Trade Agreements," Research Seminar in International Economics Discussion Paper No. 496, University of Michigan, pp. 1-14, 20-21. Online

Of the following, which are generally regarded as "core" labor standards: freedom from forced labor; minimum wage; elimination of child labor exploitation; freedom of association; maximum hours of work? Why do labor standards differ between nations? Do multinational corporations prefer to locate in countries with low levels of labor standards? Which of the following international institutions include provisions to encourage the right of collective bargaining: ILO, WTO, NAFTA?

Stiglitz, Joseph, "America Has Little to Teach China about a Steady Economy," Financial Times, July 27, 2005. Online (Proquest)
	Will appreciation of the Chinese currency reduce China's surplus or the US deficit? China's exports have a large import content. How large? And how does this matter for the effect of an exchange rate change on trade? How has China compared to the US in rate of economic growth, savings, and fiscal balance?

Swagel, Phillip L., "Yuan Answers?" On the Issues, American Enterprise Institute, June 2005. Online
	What effects is a yuan appreciation likely to have on China? What effects will it have on the US? Will it reduce our trade deficit? What would a "cynic" suspect is the reason for the US pushing China to appreciate the yuan?

United States Trade Representative, "Trade Delivers: Trade Agreements Work for America," Office of the United States Trade Representative, July 2006. Online
	Of the following, which seems to be the most important objective of a trade agreement according to USTR: increasing exports; increasing imports; increasing GDP; increasing consumer welfare; promoting development in foreign countries; enhancing U.S. stature in the world? With what countries had U.S. free trade agreements taken effect as of this document?

Verrill, Charles, Jr., "An Introduction to Trade Remedies Available under U.S. Law," memorandum to clients and friends, Weiey, Rein & Fielding, April 1, 1999. Online
	Who has "standing" under the antidumping law? Who determines whether there is dumping? How do the injury requirements differ for antidumping and for safeguards? What can a U.S. producer do if it believes that its competitors in another country are engaging in anticompetitive conduct that is being tolerated by their government?

Zupnick, Elliot, "U.S. Foreign Direct Investments Abroad," Chapter 6 in Visions and Revisions: The United States in the Global Economy, Westview Press, 1999, pp. 109-125.
	Why did international direct investment not thrive during the 1950s and 60s? What reasons do multinational corporations have for investing abroad? Of these reasons, which seem to be the most important? How could outward foreign direct investment cost jobs at home? How could it save jobs?