Please note that this survey page is for archival purposes only, it is non-functional. Any answers that you select will not be saved or entered.

Hello, thank you very much for your interest in our study. We would like your help in describing characters from about 200 British novels written between 1800 and 1914. Click here to see the principles of selection for novelists and novels. Click here to find out more about the purpose of the study.

We shall ask you about the motives of the characters and about their success in achieving various goals. We shall also ask about the personality attributes of the characters, and we shall ask about your emotional responses to the characters. You may fill out questionnaires for as few or as many characters as you like, and for as few or as many novels and novelists as you like, but please only rate each character once. You may skip items that you do not feel comfortable answering and may withdraw at any time. If you do not complete the survey, your data will not be collected. We shall not ask about your personal identity, but only a few basic demographic factors such as sex and age. We are not providing financial compensation for this study, however all participants will be given a report on the experimental results upon request.

Risks- We believe that the risks of participating in this research area minimal, because we are asking about perceptions of literary characters, rather than personal information about participants.

Benefits- We believe that the benefits include a better understanding of Canonical British Novels and a new technique for exploring literature.

If you have any questions about this study, please contact Dr. Joseph Carroll at jcarroll@umsl.edu.

We recommend using Internet Explorer for the survey. Other browsers might have problems. We also recommend using a PC rather than an Apple, because some people experience problems with the survey program. If are having problems with the on-line survey or find any errors, please contact Dr. Daniel J. Kruger at kruger@umich.edu. We recommend that you maximize your browser and close your favorites and history windows for proper survey format.

I state that I am over 18 years of age and that I voluntarily agree to participate in a research project conducted by Drs. Joseph Carroll, Jonathan Gottschall, John Johnson, and Daniel J. Kruger. This research is being conducted to describe the goals and motivations of characters in Nineteenth Century British novels. I will complete a web-based survey which will take about 10 minutes.

The dataset created for this study will be transmitted by a secure server. There will be no data that 3rd parties could use to identify me or my responses. Any information that I give will be used for research purposes only and will be kept confidential to the extent permitted by Local, State and Federal law. If I desire, I will be able to learn the results of the experiment once it is completed.

By clicking on the button,''I Agree'', you are indicating that you understand the above statements and that you agree to be a participant in this study. If you do not wish to be a participant, you may close your browser now.

Please provide some basic information about yourself:

What is your age? Years

What is your sex?

Male
Female

What is the highest level of education you have completed?

Less than High School
High School diploma or equivalent
Some college, no degree
Associate's degree
Bachelor's degree
Master's degree
Doctorate

How did you find out about this study?

Listserv or on-line discussion board message
Referred from another website
Heard about it from a friend or colleague
Searching the web
Contacted directly by the researchers
Saw an advertisement at a conference
Other

We have listed authors in alphabetical order with (some of) the novels they have written. Please choose a novel that you have read.

Austen, Jane- Emma Austen, Jane- Mansfield Park Austen, Jane- Northanger Abbey Austen, Jane - Persuasion Austen, Jane - Pride and Prejudice Austen, Jane - Sense and Sensibility Ballantyne, R.M. - The Coral Island Bennett, Arnold - Anna of the Five Towns Bennett, Arnold - Clayhanger Bennett, Arnold - The Old Wives Tale Braddon, Mary E. - Aurora Floyd Braddon, Mary E. - Lady Audley’s Secret Bronte, Anne - Agnes Grey Bronte, Anne - The Tenant of Wildfell Hall Bronte, Charlotte - Jane Eyre Bronte, Charlotte - The Professor Bronte, Charlotte - Shirley Bronte, Charlotte - Villette Bronte, Emily - Wuthering Heights Bulwer-Lytton, Edward - Eugene Aram Bulwer-Lytton, Edward - The Last Days of Pompeii Bulwer-Lytton, Edward - The Last of the Barons Bulwer-Lytton, Edward - Pelham: or the Adventures of a Gentleman Burnett, Frances Hodgson - Little Lord Fauntleroy Burnett, Frances Hodgson - A Little Princess Burnett, Frances Hodgson - The Secret Garden Butler, Samuel - The Way of All Flesh Carroll, Lewis [Charles Dodgson] - Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland Carroll, Lewis [Charles Dodgson] - Through the Looking Glass, and What Alice Found There Clifford, W. K. [Sophia Lucy] - Mrs. Keith’s Crime Collins, Wilke - Armadale Collins, Wilke - The Moonstone Collins, Wilke - No Name Collins, Wilke - The Woman in White Conrad, Joseph - Almayer’s Folly: A Story of the Eastern River Conrad, Joseph - Heart of Darkness Conrad, Joseph - Lord Jim Conrad, Joseph - The Nigger of the “Narcissus” Conrad, Joseph - Nostromo Conrad, Joseph - The Secret Agent Conrad, Joseph - Typhoon Conrad, Joseph - Under Western Eyes Dickens, Charles - Barnaby Rudge Dickens, Charles - Bleak House Dickens, Charles - David Copperfield Dickens, Charles - Dombey and Son Dickens, Charles - Great Expectations Dickens, Charles - Hard Times Dickens, Charles - Little Dorritt Dickens, Charles - Martin Chuzzlewit Dickens, Charles - Nicholas Nickelby Dickens, Charles - The Old Curiosity Shop Dickens, Charles - Oliver Twist: Or, the Parish Boy’s Progress Dickens, Charles - Our Mutual Friend Dickens, Charles - The Pickwick Papers Dickens, Charles - A Tale of Two Cities Disraeli, Benjamin - Coningsby Disraeli, Benjamin - Endymion Disraeli, Benjamin - Sybil, or the Two Nations Disraeli, Benjamin - Tancred Disraeli, Benjamin - Vivian Gray Doyle, Arthur Conan - The Hound of the Baskervilles Doyle, Arthur Conan - The Lost World Du Maurier, George - Trilby Edgeworth, Maria - The Absentee Edgeworth, Maria - Belinda Edgeworth, Maria - Castle Rackrent Eliot, George [Mary Ann Evans] - Adam Bede Eliot, George [Mary Ann Evans] - Daniel Deronda Eliot, George [Mary Ann Evans] - Felix Holt, the Radical Eliot, George [Mary Ann Evans] - Middlemarch, a Study of Provincial Life Eliot, George [Mary Ann Evans] - The Mill on the Floss Eliot, George [Mary Ann Evans] - Romola Eliot, George [Mary Ann Evans] - Silas Marner Ferrier, Susan - Destiny Ferrier, Susan - The Inheritance Ferrier, Susan - Marriage Forster, E.M. - Howard’s End Forster, E.M. - The Longest Journey Forster, E.M. - A Room with a View Forster, E.M. - Where Angels Fear to Tread Galsworthy, John - The Man of Property Galt, John - Annals of the Parish Gaskell, Elizabeth - Mary Barton Gaskell, Elizabeth - North and South Gaskell, Elizabeth - Ruth Gaskell, Elizabeth - Sylvia’s Lovers Gaskell, Elizabeth - Wives and Daughters Gissing, George - Born in Exile Gissing, George - The Nether World Gissing, George - In the Year of Jubilee Gissing, George - New Grub Street Gissing, George - The Odd Women Haggard, H. Rider - King Solomon’s Mines Haggard, H. Rider - She Hardy, Thomas - Far from the Madding Crowd Hardy, Thomas - Jude the Obscure Hardy, Thomas - The Mayor of Casterbridge Hardy, Thomas - The Return of the Native Hardy, Thomas - Tess of the d’Urbervilles Hardy, Thomas - The Trumpet Major and Robert His Brother Hardy, Thomas - Under the Greenwood Tree Hogg, James - Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner Hughes, Thomas - Tom Brown’s Schooldays Henry, James - The Ambassadors Henry, James - The American Henry, James - The Aspern Papers Henry, James - The Bostonians Henry, James - Daisy Miller Henry, James - The Europeans Henry, James - The Golden Bowl Henry, James - Portrait of a Lady Henry, James - The Princess Casamassima Henry, James - Roderick Hudson Henry, James - The Spoils of Poynton Henry, James - The Tragic Muse Henry, James - Washington Square Henry, James - What Maisie Knew Henry, James - The Wings of the Dove Jefferies, Richard - After London Kingsley, Charles - Alton Locke Kingsley, Charles - Westward Ho! Kipling, Rudyard - Captains Courageous Kipling, Rudyard - The Jungle Books Kipling, Rudyard - Kim Kipling, Rudyard - The Light that Failed Lawrence, D.H. - Sons and Lovers Lawrence, D.H. - The Trespasser Lawrence, D.H. - The White Peacock Le Fanu, J. S. - Uncle Silas: a Tale of Bertram-Haugh MacDonald, George - Lilith: A Romance MacDonald, George - Phantastes: A Faerie Romance for Men and Women MacDonald, George - The Princess and the Goblin Maturin, Charles - Melmoth the Wanderer Meredith, George - Beauchamp’s Career Meredith, George - Diana of the Crossways Meredith, George - The Egoist Meredith, George - The Ordeal of Richard Feverel Moore, George - Esther Waters Moore, George - A Mummer’s Wife Moore, George - Evelyn Innes Oliphant, Margaret - Miss Marjoribanks Oliphant, Margaret - Salem Chapel Pater, Walter - Marius the Epicurean Reade, Charles - The Cloister and the Hearth Reade, Charles - Griffith Gaunt, or Jealousy Scott, Sir Walter - The Antiquary Scott, Sir Walter - The Bride of Lammermoor Scott, Sir Walter - Guy Mannering Scott, Sir Walter - The Heart of Mid-Lothian Scott, Sir Walter - Ivanhoe Scott, Sir Walter - Kenilworth Scott, Sir Walter - Old Mortality Scott, Sir Walter - Quentin Durward Scott, Sir Walter - Redgauntlet Scott, Sir Walter - Rob Roy Scott, Sir Walter - The Talisman Scott, Sir Walter - Waverley; or, ‘Tis Sixty Years Since Scott, Sir Walter - Woodstock Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft - Frankenstein, or the Modern Prometheus Stevenson, Robert Louis - The Black Arrow Stevenson, Robert Louis - Catriona (David Balfour) Stevenson, Robert Louis - Kidnapped Stevenson, Robert Louis - The Master of Ballantrae Stevenson, Robert Louis - The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Stevenson, Robert Louis - Treasure Island Stoker, Bram - Dracula Thackeray, W. M. - The History of Henry Esmond, Esq. Thackeray, W. M. -The Luck of Barry Lyndon (alternatively titled: The Memoirs of Barry Lyndon, Esq.) Thackeray, W. M. - The History of Pendennis Thackeray, W. M. - The Newcomes Thackeray, W. M. - Vanity Fair, a Novel without a Hero Thackeray, W. M. - The Virginians Trollope, Anthony - Barchester Towers Trollope, Anthony - Can You Forgive Her? Trollope, Anthony - Dr. Thorne Trollope, Anthony - The Duke’s Children Trollope, Anthony - The Eustace Diamonds Trollope, Anthony - Framley Parsonage Trollope, Anthony - He Knew He Was Right Trollope, Anthony - Is He Popenjoy? Trollope, Anthony - The Last Chronicle of Barset Trollope, Anthony - Miss Mackenzie Trollope, Anthony - Orley Farm Trollope, Anthony - Phineas Finn Trollope, Anthony - Phineas Redux Trollope, Anthony - The Prime Minister Trollope, Anthony - Rachel Ray Trollope, Anthony - The Small House at Allington Trollope, Anthony - The Vicar of Bullhampton Trollope, Anthony - The Warden Trollope, Anthony - The Way We Live Now Ward, Mrs. T. Humphry [Mary Augusta] - Robert Elsmere Wells, H. G. - The History of Mr. Polly Wells, H. G. - The Invisible Man Wells, H. G. - The Island of Dr. Moreau Wells, H. G. - Kipps Wells, H. G. - The Time Machine Wells, H. G. - Tono-Bungay Wilde, Oscar - The Picture of Dorian Gray Yonge, Charlotte - The Heir of Redclyffe

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

When did you last read Emma, by Jane Austen?

Within the past six months
Within the past year
Within the past five years
Within the past ten years
More than ten years ago

For what reason did you read Emma, by Jane Austen?

For my own enjoyment, etc.
I read it for a class
I use it as part of a class I teach

Please choose a character to rate from Emma, by Jane Austen.

Emma Woodhouse
George Knightley
Henry Woodhouse (Emma’s father)
Frank Churchill
Jane Fairfax
Harriet Smith
Miss Bates
Reverend Philip Elton
Augusta Elton
Robert Martin
Mr. Weston
Mrs. Weston (Previously Miss Taylor)
John Knightley
Isabella Knightley
Robert Martin

Please answer the following questions about Emma in the novel Emma, by Jane Austen by choosing the most appropriate answer.

Please identify any age group or groups in which Emma could be located during any substantial portion of the novel. Select all that apply:

Childhood (1-12 years old)
Adolescence (13-16 years old)
Young adult (17-23 years old)
Mature adult (24-38 years old)
Middle aged (39-59 years old)
Age 60 or older
I do not remember

Emma is portrayed as:

Physically attractive
Physically unattractive
Average
The book does not provide enough information to tell
I do not remember

Does Emma accomplish his or her main goals?

Yes, completely
Mostly
A little
Not at all

On the whole, do you want Emma to achieve his or her goals?

Yes
No
I do not care
I do not remember

In your opinion, is the success or failure of Emma’s hopes or efforts a main feature in the outcome of this novel?

Yes
No
I do not remember

Which category best describes Emma’s role in the novel?

Protagonist
Friend or associate of a protagonist
Antagonist
Friend or associate of an antagonist
I do not remember
Other

If you checked “other," what was the character's role?

For the remaining questions, please rate Emma on the given scale.

Ten possible motives or goals are listed below. On a scale of 1-5, with 1 being Unimportant and 5 being Very important, how important for this character is each of these motives and goals? If you cannot recall the answer about a given motive, check the box under the heading “I do not remember.&rdquot;

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXUnimportantXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXVery important

Survival (fending off imminent physical danger or privation)XXXX	XX 1 XX 2 XX 3 XX 4 XX 5	XXXXXXX I do not remember
X
Finding a short-term romantic partnerXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX	XX 1 XX 2 XX 3 XX 4 XX 5	XXXXXXX I do not remember
X
Finding or keeping a spouseXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX	XX 1 XX 2 XX 3 XX 4 XX 5	XXXXXXX I do not remember
X
Gaining or keeping wealthXXXX	XX 1 XX 2 XX 3 XX 4 XX 5	XXXXXXX I do not remember
X
Gaining or keeping power XXXX	XX 1 XX 2 XX 3 XX 4 XX 5	XXXXXXX I do not remember
X
Gaining or keeping prestige XXXX	XX 1 XX 2 XX 3 XX 4 XX 5	XXXXXXX I do not remember
X
Obtaining education or culture XXXX	XX 1 XX 2 XX 3 XX 4 XX 5	XXXXXXX I do not remember
X
Making friends and forming alliances XXXX	XX 1 XX 2 XX 3 XX 4 XX 5	XXXXXXX I do not remember
X
Nurturing/fostering offspring or aiding other kinXXXX	XX 1 XX 2 XX 3 XX 4 XX 5	XXXXXXX I do not remember
X
Aiding non-kin XXXX	XX 1 XX 2 XX 3 XX 4 XX 5	XXXXXXX I do not remember
X
Building, creating, or discovering something XXXX	XX 1 XX 2 XX 3 XX 4 XX 5	XXXXXXX I do not remember
X
Performing routine tasks to gain a livelihood XXXX	XX 1 XX 2 XX 3 XX 4 XX 5	XXXXXXX I do not remember

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXUnimportantXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXVery important

When the tale begins, does Emma have a spouse?

Yes
No
I do not remember

Does Emma get married or engaged in the course of the tale?

Yes
No
Does not apply
I do not remember

Please answer the following questions about Emma in the novel Emma, by Jane Austen by choosing the most appropriate answer.

Listed below, there are seven criteria for assessing the desirability of a potential spouse. Please rate the degree to which the criteria listed below enter into the character's choosing of the first engagement or marital partner on a scale of 1-5, with 1 being unimportant and 5 being very important. If you cannot recall the answer about a given motive, check “I do not remember.”

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXUnimportantXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXVery important

Physical attractiveness XXXX	XX 1 XX 2 XX 3 XX 4 XX 5	XXXXXXX I do not remember
X
Power XXXX	XX 1 XX 2 XX 3 XX 4 XX 5	XXXXXXX I do not remember
X
Prestige XXXX	XX 1 XX 2 XX 3 XX 4 XX 5	XXXXXXX I do not remember
X
Wealth XXXX	XX 1 XX 2 XX 3 XX 4 XX 5	XXXXXXX I do not remember
X
Intelligence XXXX	XX 1 XX 2 XX 3 XX 4 XX 5	XXXXXXX I do not remember
X
Kindness XXXX	XX 1 XX 2 XX 3 XX 4 XX 5	XXXXXXX I do not remember
X
Reliability XXXX	XX 1 XX 2 XX 3 XX 4 XX 5	XXXXXXX I do not remember

Does Emma get engaged or married for a second time in life in the course of the tale?

Yes
No
Does not apply
I do not remember

Please answer the following questions about Emma in the novel Emma, by Jane Austen by choosing the most appropriate answer.

Listed below, there are seven criteria for assessing the desirability of a potential spouse. Please rate the degree to which the criteria listed below enter into choosing that partner for a second engagement or marriage on a scale of 1-5, with 1 being unimportant and 5 being very important. If you cannot recall the answer about a given motive, check “I do not remember.”

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXUnimportantXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXVery important

Physical attractiveness XXXX	XX 1 XX 2 XX 3 XX 4 XX 5	XXXXXXX I do not remember
X
Power XXXX	XX 1 XX 2 XX 3 XX 4 XX 5	XXXXXXX I do not remember
X
Prestige XXXX	XX 1 XX 2 XX 3 XX 4 XX 5	XXXXXXX I do not remember
X
Wealth XXXX	XX 1 XX 2 XX 3 XX 4 XX 5	XXXXXXX I do not remember
X
Intelligence XXXX	XX 1 XX 2 XX 3 XX 4 XX 5	XXXXXXX I do not remember
X
Kindness XXXX	XX 1 XX 2 XX 3 XX 4 XX 5	XXXXXXX I do not remember
X
Reliability XXXX	XX 1 XX 2 XX 3 XX 4 XX 5	XXXXXXX I do not remember

Does Emma seek and/or obtain a short-term romantic partner (not for an engagement or marriage) in the course of the tale?

Yes
No
Does not apply
I do not remember

Please answer the following questions about Emma in the novel Emma, by Jane Austen by choosing the most appropriate answer.

Listed below, there are seven criteria for assessing the desirability of a short-term romantic partner. Please rate the degree to which the criteria listed below enter into choosing that partner on a scale of 1-5, with 1 being unimportant and 5 being very important. If you cannot recall the answer about a given motive, check “I do not remember.”

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXUnimportantXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXVery important

Physical attractiveness XXXX	XX 1 XX 2 XX 3 XX 4 XX 5	XXXXXXX I do not remember
X
Power XXXX	XX 1 XX 2 XX 3 XX 4 XX 5	XXXXXXX I do not remember
X
Prestige XXXX	XX 1 XX 2 XX 3 XX 4 XX 5	XXXXXXX I do not remember
X
Wealth XXXX	XX 1 XX 2 XX 3 XX 4 XX 5	XXXXXXX I do not remember
X
Intelligence XXXX	XX 1 XX 2 XX 3 XX 4 XX 5	XXXXXXX I do not remember
X
Kindness XXXX	XX 1 XX 2 XX 3 XX 4 XX 5	XXXXXXX I do not remember
X
Reliability XXXX	XX 1 XX 2 XX 3 XX 4 XX 5	XXXXXXX I do not remember

Please answer the following questions about Emma in the novel Emma, by Jane Austen by choosing the most appropriate answer.

Listed below, there are ten possible emotional responses to a character. On a scale of one to five, with 1 being not at all and 5 being very strong, please rate your emotional response to this character in each of the following categories. If you cannot recall the answer about a given motive, check "I do not remember."

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXNot at allXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXVery strong

Anger XXXX	XX 1 XX 2 XX 3 XX 4 XX 5	XXXXXXX I do not remember
X
Disgust XXXX	XX 1 XX 2 XX 3 XX 4 XX 5	XXXXXXX I do not remember
X
ContemptXXXX	XX 1 XX 2 XX 3 XX 4 XX 5	XXXXXXX I do not remember
X
Fear (of the character) XXXX	XX 1 XX 2 XX 3 XX 4 XX 5	XXXXXXX I do not remember
X
Fear (for the character)XXXX	XX 1 XX 2 XX 3 XX 4 XX 5	XXXXXXX I do not remember
X
SadnessXXXX	XX 1 XX 2 XX 3 XX 4 XX 5	XXXXXXX I do not remember
X
Admiration XXXX	XX 1 XX 2 XX 3 XX 4 XX 5	XXXXXXX I do not remember
X
LikingXXXX	XX 1 XX 2 XX 3 XX 4 XX 5	XXXXXXX I do not remember
X
Amusement XXXX	XX 1 XX 2 XX 3 XX 4 XX 5	XXXXXXX I do not remember
X
Indifference XXXX	XX 1 XX 2 XX 3 XX 4 XX 5	XXXXXXX I do not remember

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXNot at allXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXVery strong

Listed below, there are ten personality characteristics. For each characteristic, indicate the degree to which you agree or disagree in ascribing the characteristic to this character. If you cannot recall the answer about a given characteristic, check the box under the heading “I do not remember.”

	XXDisagreeXX strongly	XXDisagreeXX moderately	XXDisagreeXX a little	Neither agree nor disagree	XXXAgreeXXX a little	Agree XXmoderatelyXX	Agree XXstronglyXX	I do not remember
I see this character as:
Extraverted, enthusiastic
X
Critical, quarrelsome
X
Dependable, self-disciplined
X
Anxious, easily upset
X
Open to new experiences, complex
X
Reserved, quiet
X
Sympathetic, warm
X
Disorganized, careless
X
Calm, emotionally stable
X
Conventional, uncreative
	XXDisagreeXX strongly	XXDisagreeXX moderately	XXDisagreeXX a little	Neither agree nor disagree	XXXAgreeXXX a little	Agree XXmoderatelyXX	Agree XXstronglyXX	I do not remember

Do you have any additional comments or feedback about this survey?

---

Canonical British Novels of the Nineteenth Century
Debriefing form

Thank you for participating!

The purpose of this experiment is to document the personalities and motivations of characters in 19th century British literature and examine any patterns revealed by the responses. We will be glad to share the results of the study with you once it is completed. If you would like to be notified when the results are available, please e-mail Dr. Daniel J. Kruger at kruger@umich.edu.

Please consider rating additional characters! We appreciate your responses!

To rate another character from this novel, click the ''Back'' button on your Internet browser or use the drop down menu on the ''Back'' button to return to the list of characters. Select another character and click ''Next.'' To rate a character from a different novel, click back one more page to the list of novels and select a different novel. The responses you entered for the demographic section will be saved.

Click here to see how many times each character has been rated

Should you have questions regarding your rights as a participant in research, please contact:

Kate Keever
Institutional Review Board
540 East Liberty Street, Suite 202
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-2210
734-936-0933
email: irbhsbs@umich.edu