II. AMAZONIA

A. GEOGRAPHY AND CULTURAL ECOLOGY

Allen, W., et al.

1973 Land Use among the Campa of the Alto Pachitea, Peru. In D. Lathrap and J. Douglas, eds., Variations in Anthropology, pp. 137-154. Urbana: Illinois Archaeological Survey.

Bailey, R., et al.

1989 Hunting and Gathering in Tropical Rainforest: Is it Possible? American Anthropologist, 91:59-82.

Balée, W.

1994 Footprints of the Forest: Ka'apor Ethnobotany -- the Historical Ecology of Plant Utilization by an Amazonian People. Columbia University Press, New York.

Bates, Henry

1864 The Naturalist on the Amazons. 2nd Edit. London: John Murray.

Beckerman, S.

1979 The Abundance of Protein in Amazonia: Reply to Gross. American Anthropologist, 81: 533-60.

1987 Swidden in Amazonia and the Amazon Rim. In B. Turner and S. Brush, eds., Comparative Farming Systems, pp. 55-94. New York: Guilford Press.

Bennett, C.

1962 The Bayano Cuna Indians, Panama: An Ecological Study of Livlihood and Diet. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 52: 1: 32-50.

Bristol, M.

1968 Shibundy Agricultural Vegetation. Actas y Memorias del 37 Congreso Internacional de Americanistas, 2: 575-602. Buenos Aires.

Carneiro, R.

1960 Slash and Burn Agriculture: A Closer Look at its Implications for Settlement Patterns. In A. Wallace, ed., Men and Cultures, pp. 229-32. Philadelphia.

1964 Shifting Cultivation among the Amahuaca of Eastern Peru. Beitrage zur Volkerkunde, Sudimerikas, Volkerkundliche Abhandlungen, Band 1, pp. 9-18. Hanover.

1970 The Transition from Hunting to Horticulture in the Amazon Basin. Proc. of the 8th International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences, 3: 244-48.

1984 The Cultivation of Manioc among the Kuikuru Indians of the Upper Xingu. In Adaptive Responses of Native Amazonians, edited by R. Hames and W. Vickers, pp. 65-111. Academic Press, New York.

Cavelier, I., C. Rodriguez, and L. Fernanda

1992 The Technical Transformation of an Agricultural System in the Colombian Amazon. World Archaeology 24:98-113.

Chagnon, N.

1970 The Cultural Ecology of Shifting Cultivation among the Yanamamo Indians. Proc. of the 8th International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences, 3: 248-55.

Chagnon, N., and R. Hames

1979 Protein Deficiency and Tribal Warfare in Amazonia: New Data. Science, 203: 910-13.

Chrostowski, M.

1972 The Eco-Geographical Characteristics of the Gran Pajonal and their Relationships to some Campa Indian Cultural Patterns. Actas y Memorias del 39 Internacional Congreso de Americanistas, 4: 145-160. Lima.

Chrostowski, M., and W. Denevan

1970 The Biogeography of a Savanna Landscape: The Gran Pajonal of Eastern Peru. McGill University, Savanna Research Series, No. 16.

DeBoer, W.

1981 Buffer Zones in the Cultural Ecology of Aboriginal Amazonia. American Antiquity, 46: 2:364-77.

1986 Pillage and Production in the Amazon: A View through the Conibo of the Ucayali Basin, Eastern Peru. World Archaeology 18:231-246.

Denevan, W.

1966a A Cultural-Ecological View of Former Aboriginal Settlement in the Amazon Basin. The Professional Geographer, 18: 346-51.

1966b The Aboriginal Cultural Geography of the Llanos de Mojos of Bolivia. Ibero-Americana No. 48. Berkeley: Univ. of California.

1971 Campa Subsistence in the Gran Pajonal, Eastern Peru. The Geographic Review, 61: 4: 496-518.

Denevan, W., and C. Paddoch (eds.)

1988 Swidden-Fallow Agroforestry in the Peruvian Amazon. Advances in Economic Botany, Vol. 5, New York Botanical Garden.

Denevan, W., et al

1985 Indigenous Agroforestry in the Peruvian Amazon: Bora Indian Management of Swidden Fallows. Interciencia, 9: 346-357.

Descola, P.

1994 In the Society of Nature: A Native Ecology in Amazonia. Cambridge University Press.

Eden, M.

1974 Paleoclimatic Influences and the Development of Savanna in Southern Venezuela. Journal of Biogeography, 1: 95-109.

Eder, J.

1984 The Impact of Subsistence Change on Mobility and Settlement Pattern in Tropical Forest Foraging Economy: Some Implications for Archaeology. American Anthropologist, 86: 837-853.

Fittkau, E., and H. Klinge

1973 On Biomass and Trophic Structure of the Central Amazonian Rainforest Ecosystem. Biotropica, 4: 1: 2-14.

Fittkau, E., et al.

1975 Productivity, Biomass, and Population Dynamics in Amazonian Water Bodies. In F. Golley and E. Medina, eds., Tropical Ecological Systems, pp. 289-311. New York: Springer-Verlag.

Gross, D.

1975 Protein Capture and Cultural Development in the Amazon Basin. American Anthropologist, 77: 526-49.

Gross, D., et al.

1979a Ecology and Acculturation among Native Peoples of Central Brazil. Science, 206: 1043-50.

1979b A New Approach to Central Brazilian Social Organization. In Anthropological Perspectives: Essays in Honor of Charles Wagley, edited by M. Margolis and W. Carter, pp. 321-342. Columbia University Press, New York.

Grubb, W.B.

1900 An Unknown People in an Unknown Land. London.

Hames, R., and W. Vickers (eds.)

1983 Adaptive Responses of Native Amazonians. New York: Academic Press.

Harris, M.

1984 Animal Capture and Yanomamo Warfare: Retrospect and New Evidence. Journal of Anthropological Research, 40: 1: 183-201.

Hecht, S.

1989 Indigenous Soil Management in the Amazonian Basin: Some Implications for Development. In J. Browder, ed., Fragile Lands of Latin America: Strategies for Sustainable Development, pp. 166-188. Boulder: Westview Press.

Heckenberger, M.

1996 War and Peace in the Shadow of Empire: Sociopolitical Change in the Upper Xingu of Southeastern Amazonia, A.D. 1400-2000. PhD dissertation, University of Pittsburgh. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor.

Henry, J.

1941 Jungle People: A Kaingang Tribe of the Highlands of Brazil. Richmond: J. J. Augustin.

Hill, K.

1983 Adult Male Subsistence Strategies among Hunter-Gatherers of Eastern Paraguay. PhD dissertation, University of Utah.

Hill, K., and K. Hawkes

1983 Neotropical Hunting among the Ache of Eastern Paraguay. In R. Hames and W. Vickers, eds., Adaptive Responses of Native Amazonians, pp. 139-88. New York: Academic Press.

Hiraoka, M.

1985 Floodplain Farming in the Peruvian Amazon. Geographical Review of Japan, 58 (Ser. B): 1: 1-23.

1989 Agricultural Systems on the Floodplain of the Amazon. In J. Browder, ed., Fragile Lands of Latin America: Strategies for Sustainable Development, pp. 75-101. Boulder: Westview Press.

Hurtado, A., et al.

1985 Female Subsistence Strategies among Ache Hunter-Gatherers of Eastern Paraguay. Human Ecology, 13: 1: 1-28.

Issac, B.

1977 The Siriono of Eastern Bolivia: A Re-Examination. Human Ecology, 5: 2: 137-154.

Janzen, D.

1973 Tropical Agro-Ecosystems. Science, 182: 1212-19.

Jordan, C.

1982 Amazon Rain Forests. American Scientist, 70: 4: 394-401.

Lathrap, D.

1968 The "Hunting" Economies of the Tropical Forest Zone of South America: An Attempt at Historical Perspective. In R. Lee, ed., Man the Hunter, pp. 23-29. Chicago: Aldine Press.

Ledru, M.

1993 Late Quaternary Environmental and Climatic Changes in Central Brazil. Quaternary Research, 39: 90-98.

Leeds, A.

1961 Yaruro Incipient Tropical Forest Horticulture: Possibilities and Limits. In J. Wilbert, ed., The Evolution of Horticultural Systems in Native South America, pp. 13-46. Caracas, Venezuela.

Marcos, Jorge (editor)

1986 Arqueología de la Costa Ecuatoriana: Nuevos Enfoques. Corp. Editora Nacional, Quito.

Meggers, B.

1954 Environmental Limitations on the Development of Culture. American Anthropologist, 56: 801-24.

1957 Environment and Culture in the Amazon Basin: An Appraisal of the Theory of Environmental Determinism. Studies in Human Ecology, pp. . Washington, D.C.: The Pan American Union.

1971 Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise. Chicago: Aldine.

1973 Some Problems of Cultural Adaptation in Amazonia, with Emphasis on the Pre-European Period. In B. Meggers et al, eds., Tropical Forest Ecosystems in Africa and South America: A Comparative Review, pp. 311-320. Washington, D.C.

1974 Environment and Culture in Amazonia. In C. Wagley, ed., Man in the Amazon, pp. 91-110. University of Florida Press.

1975 Application of the Biological Model of Divsersification to Cultural Distributions in Lowland South America. Biotropica, 7: 3: 141-61.

1977 Vegetational Fluctuation and Prehistoric Cultural Adaptation in Amazonia: Some Tentative Correlations. World Archaeology, 8: 3: 287-303.

1979 Climatic Oscillation as a Factor in the Prehistory of Amazonia. American Antiquity, 44:2: 252-66.

1991 Cultural Evolution in Amazonia. In Profiles in Cultural Evolution: Papers from a Conference in Honor of Elman R. Service, edited by T. Rambo and K. Gillogly, pp. 191-216. Museum of Anthropology University of Michigan, Anthropological Paper No. 85. Ann Arbor.

1995 Archaeological Perspectives on the Potential of Amazonia for Intensive Exploitation. In The Fragile Tropics of Latin America: Sustainable Management of Changing Environments, edited by T. Nishizawa and J. Uitto, pp. 68-93. United Nations University Press, Tokyo.

Milton, K.

1984 Protein and Carbohydrate Resources of the Maku Indians of Northwest Amazonia. American Anthropologist, 86: 1: 7-27.

Moran, E.

1993 Through Amazonian Eyes: The Human Ecology of Amazonian Populations. University of Iowa Press, Iowa City.

Mowat, L.

1989 Cassava and Chicha: Bread and Beer of the Amazonian Indians. Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Bucks, UK: Shire Pub.

Myers, T.

1992 Agricultural Limitations of the Amazon in Theory and Practice. World Archaeology 24:82-97.

Nugent, S.

1982 Civilization, Society, and Anomaly in Amazonia. In C. Renfrew, et al., eds., Theory and Explanation in Archaeology, pp. 231-240.

Oliveira, P.

1992 A Palynological Record of late Quaternary Vegetation and Climatic Change in Southeast Brazil. PhD dissertation, Ohio State University. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms.

Prance, G.

1973 Phytogeographic Support for the Theory of Pleistocene Forest Refuges in the Amazon Basin. Acta Amazonica, 3: 3: 5-28.

1978 The Origin and Evolution of the Amazon Flora. Interciencia, 3: 207-22.

Rhoades, R., and P. Bidegaray

1987 The Farmers of Yurimaguas: Land Use and Cropping Strategies in the Peruvian Jungle. Lima: Centro Internacional de la Papa.

Ross, E.

1978 Food Taboos, Diet, and Hunting Strategy: The Adaptation to Animals in Amazon Cultural Ecology. Current Anthropology, 19: 1-16.

Sanchez, P., et al.

1982 Amazon Basin Soils: Management for Continuous Crop Production. Science, 216: 821-27.

Sanford, R., et al.

1985 Amazon Rainforest Fires. Science, 227: 53-55.

Santos G., F.

1986 Power, Ideology, and the Ritual of Production in Lowland South America. Man 21:657-679.

Smith, N.

1981 Man, Fishes and the Amazon. New York: Columbia University Press.

Smole, W.

1976 The Yanoamama Indians: A Cultural Geography. Austin: University of Texas Press.

Spielman, R., et al.

1974 Regional Linguistics and Genetic Differences among Yanomama Indians. Science, 184: 637-44.

Sponsel, L.

1986 Amazonian Ecology and Adaptation. Annual Review of Anthropology, 15: 67-97.



B. ETHNOGRAPHIC STUDIES)

Arhem, K.

1985 Makuna Social Organization (Northwest Amazon). Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Humanities Press.

Bates, H.

1864 The Naturalist on the River Amazons. London: J. Murray. Reprinted in 1975 by Dover Publications., New York.

Carneiro, R.

1964 The Amahuaca and the Spirit World. Ethnology, 3: 1: 6-11.

Carneiro, R., and G. Dole

1959 La Cultura de los Indios Kuikiurus del Brasil Central. Runa, 8: 169-202. Buenos Aires.

Chagnon, N.

1967 Yanamamo Social Organization and Warfare. In M. Fried and M. Harris, eds., War: The Anthropology of Armed Conflict and Agression, pp. 109-59. New York: Natural History Press.

1968 Yanomamo, the Fierce People. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.

Chernela, J.

1993 The Wanano Indians of the Brazilian Amazon: A Sense of Space. University of Texas Press, Austin.

Crocker, J.

1969 Reciprocity and Hierarchy among the Eastern Bororo. Man 4:44-58.

DeBoer, W.

1986 Pillage and Production in the Amazon: A View through the Conibo of the Ucayali Basin, Eastern Peru. World Archaeology 18:231-246.

Espinosa, O.

1935 Los Tupi del Oriente Peruano. Madrid.

Fabian, S.

1992 Space-Time of the Bororo of Brazil. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.

Farabee, W.

1922 Indian Tribes of Eastern Peru. Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology, Vol. 10. Cambridge.

Fock, N.

1963 Waiwai: Religion and Society of an Amazonian Tribe. Copenhagen: National Museum.

Goldman, I.

1963 The Cubeo Indians of the Northwest Amazon. Illinois Studies in Anthropology, No. 2. Urbana.

Harner, M.

1972 The Jivaro, People of the Sacred Waterfalls. New York: Natural History Press.

Helms, M.

1977 Iguanas and Crocodilians in Tropical Forest Mythology and Iconography, with Special Reference to Panama. Journal of Latin American Lore, 3: 1: 51-132.

1979 Ancient Panama: Chiefs in Search of Power. Austin: Univ. of Texas Press.

Holmberg, A.

1969 Nomads of the Longbow: The Siriono of Eastern Bolivia. New York: Natural History Press. Reprint of 1950 original.

Hornborg, A.

1988 Dualism and Hierarchy in Lowland South America: Trajectories of Indigenous Social Organization. Uppsala University, Sweden.

Jackson, J.

1975 Recent Ethnography of Indigenous Northern Lowland South America. Annual Review of Anthropology, 4: 307-40.

Kaplan, H., and K. Hill

1984 The Mashco-Piro Nomads of Peru. Anthroquest, 29: 1-17.

Karsten, R.

1932 Indian Tribes of the Argentine and Bolivian Chaco. Societas Scientarum Fennica, Commentationes Humanarum Litterarum, Vol. 4, No. 1. Halsingfors, Finland.

1935 The Headhunters of the Western Amazonas: The Life and Culture of the Jibaro Indians of Eastern Ecuador and Peru. Societas Scientariarum Fennica, Commentationes Humanarum Litterarum, Vol. 7, No. 1. Halsingfors, Finland.

Kensinger, K.

1995 How Real People Ought to Live: The Cashinahua of Eastern Peru. Waveland Press, Prospect Heights, Illinois.

Kensinger, K., et al.

1976 The Cashinahua of Eastern Bolivia. Studies in Anthropology and Material Culture, No. 1. Haffenreffer Museum of Anthropology, Brown University.

Kloos, P.

1977 The Akuriyo of Surinam. Copenhagen.

Lyon, P. (ed.)

1974 Native South Americans: Ethnology of the Least Known Continent. Little Brown, Co. Reissued in 1985 by Waveland Press, Prospect Heights, Illinois.

Mayberry-Lewis, D.

1967 Akwe-Shavante Society. Little Brown Co.

Murphy, R.

1958 Mundurucú Religion. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press.

1960 Headhunter's Heritage: Social and Economic Change among the Mundurucú Indians. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press.

Murphy, R., and B. Quain

1955 The Trumaí Indians of Central Brazil. American Ethnological Society Monograph No. 24. New York.

Nordenskiold, N.

1919 An Ethno-Geographic analysis of the Material Culture of Two Indian Tribes in the Gran Chaco. Comparative Ethnographical Studies, Vol. 1. Gothenburg: Erlanders Boktryckeri Aktiebolag.

1924 The Ethnography of South America seen from Mojos in Bolivia. Comparative Ethnographical Studies, Vol. 3. Gothenburg: Erlanders Boktryckeri Akeiebolag.

Nimuendajú, K.

1939 The Apinayé. Translated by R. Lowie. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University Press.

1952 The Tucuna. Translated by W. Hohenthal. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press.

Oberg, K.

1953 Indians Tribes of Northern Mato Grosso, Brazil. Smithsonian Institution Institute of Social Anthropology, Pub. No. 15. Washington, D.C.

Plowman, T.

1981 Amazonian Coca. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 3: 195-225.

Politis, G.

1996 Moving to Produce: Nukak Mobility and Settlement Patterns in Amazonia [Colombia]. World Archaeology 27:492-511.

Reichel-Dolmatoff, G.

1950 Los Kogi: Una Tribu de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. Vol. 1. Revista del Instituto Etnológica Nacional, Vol. 4. Bogotá.

1951 Los Kogi. Vol. 2. Bototá.

1975 The Shaman and the Jaguar: A Study of Narcotic Drugs among the Indians of Colombia. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

1987 Shamanism and Art of the Eastern Tukanoan Indians. Leiden: E.J. Brill.

Reichel-Dolmatoff, G., and A. Reichel-Dolmatoff

1971 Amazonian Cosmos: The Sexual and Religious Symbolism of the Tukano Indians. University of Chicago Press.

Riester, J.

1995 Chiriguano: Pueblos Indígenas de las Tierras Bajas de Bolivia. La Paz.

Roe, P.

1982 The Cosmic Zygote: Cosmology in the Amazon Basin. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.

Roosevelt, A. (ed.)

1994 Amazonian Indians: From Prehistory to the Present, Anthropological Perspectives. Tucson: Univ. of Arizona Press.

Ryden, S.

1941. A Study of the Siriono Indians. Goteborg.

Santos, F.

1986 Power, Ideology, and the Ritual of Production in Lowland South America. Man 21:657-679.

Schwerin, K.

1972 Arawak, Carib, Ge, Tupi: Cultural Adaptations and Culture History in the Tropical Forest of South America. Actas y Memorias del 39 Congreso Internacional de Americanistas, 4: 39-58. Lima.

Siegel, P.

1989 Demographic and Architectural Retrodiction: An Ethnoarchaeological Case Study in the South American Tropical Lowlands. Latin American Antiquity, 1: 4: 319-346.

Smith, R.

1972 The Amesha People of Central Peru: Their Struggle to Survive. Copenhagen: International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs.

Sponsel, L. (editor)

1995 Indigenous Peoples and the Future of Amazonia: An Ecological Anthropology of an Endangered World. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.

Steward, J. (ed.)

1948 Handbook of South American Indians, Vol. 3: The Tropical Forest Tribes. Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin No. 143. Washington, D.C.

Stirling, M.

1938 Historical and Ethnographical Material on the Jivaro Indians. Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin No. 117. Washington, D.C.

Urton, G. (ed.)

1985 Animal Myths and Metaphors in South America. Salt Lake City: Univ. of Utah Press.

Wagley, C.

1977 Welcome of Tears: The Tapirapé Indians of Central Brazil. New York: Oxford University Press.

Wagley, C., and E. Galváo

1949 The Tenetehara Indians of Brazil, A Culture in Transition. New York: Columbia University Press.

Weiss, G.

1972 Campa Cosmology. Ethnology, 11: 157-72.

Werner, D., et al.

1979 Subsistence Productivity and Hunting Effort in Native South America. Human Ecology, 7:303-16.

Whitehead, N.

1992 Tribes make States and States make Tribes: Warfare and the Creation of Colonial Tribes and States in Northeastern South America. In War in the Tribal Zone: Expanding State and Indigenous Warfare, edited by R. Ferguson and N. Whitehead, pp. 127-150. School of American Research, Santa Fe.

Whitten, N.

1976 Sacha Runa: Ethnicity and Adaptation of Ecuadorian Jungle Quichua. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

Wilbert, J.

1987 Tobacco and Shamanism in South America. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Wilbert, J., and M. Layrisse (eds.)

1980 Demographic and Biological Studies of the Warao Indians [Venezuela]. Latin American Studies Vol. 45, UCLA Latin American Center.




C. ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDIES

Allen, W.

1968 A Ceramic Sequence from the Alto Pachitea, Peru. PhD dissertation, University of Illinois. Urbana.

Andrade, A.

1986 Investigación Arqueológica de Los Antrosoles de Araracuara [Colombia]. Banco de la Republica, Bogotá. University of Pittsburgh Latin American Archaeology Publications, Pittsburgh.

Arnold, D., and K. Prettol

1989 Aboriginal Earthworks near the Mouth of the Beni, Bolivia. Journal of Field Archaeology, 15:457-465.

Brochado, J.

1984 An Ecological Model of the Spread of Pottery and Agriculture into Eastern South America. PhD dissertation, University of Illinois, Urbana. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor.

DeBoer, W., K. Kintigh, and A. Rostoker

1996 Ceramic Seriation and Site Reoccupation in Lowland South America. Latin American Antiquity 7:263-278.

Evans, C., and B. Meggers

1968 Archaeological Investigations on the Rio Napa, Eastern Ecuador. Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology, Vol. 6. Washington, D.C.

Fairbridge, R.

1976 Shellfish-Eating Preceramic Indians in Coastal Brazil. Science, 191: 353-59.

Fiedel, S., T. Dillehay, and B. Meggers

1996 Paleoindians in the Brazilian Amazon. Science 274:1821-1825.

Hilbert, P.

1968 Archaologische Untersuchungen am Miltlern Amazonas. Marburger Studies zur Volkerkunde, Band 1, Berlin. Review by D. Lathrap, American Antiquity, 35: 4: 499-501.

Hurt, W.

1960 The Cultural Complexes from the Lagoa Santo Region, Brazil. American Anthropologist, 62:569-85.

1974 The Interrelationships between the Natural Environment and Four Sambaquis, Coast of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Occasional Papers and Monographs, No. 1, Indiana University Museum. Bloomington.

1986 The Cultural Relationships of the Alice Boër Site, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. In A. Bryan, ed., New Evidence for the Pleistocene Peopling of the Americas, pp. 215-219. Orono: Center for the Study of Early Man.

Hurt, W., and O. Blas

1969 O Proyecto Arqueológico "Lagoa Santa". Arqueologia, 4: 1-13. Minas Gerais, Brasil.

Lathrap, D.

1958 The Cultural Sequence at Yarinacocha, Eastern Peru. American Antiquity, 23: 4: 379-88.

1962 Yarinacocha: Stratigraphic Excavations in the Peruvian Montaña. PhD dissertation, Harvard University.

1968 Aboriginal Occupation and Changes in River Channel on the Central Ucayali, Peru. American Antiquity, 33: 62-79.

1970a The Upper Amazon. New York: Praeger.

1970b The Tropical Forest and the Cultural Context of Chavin. In E. Benson, ed., Dumbarton Oaks Conference on Chavin, pp. 73-100. Washington, D.C.

1972 Alternative Models of Population Movements in the Tropical Lowlands of South America. Actas y Memorias del 39 Congreso Internacional de Americanistas, 4: 13-24. Lima.

1973 The Antiquity and Importance of Long-Distance Trade Relationships in the Moist Tropics of Precolumbian South America. World Archaeology, 5: 2: 170-86.

1974 The Moist Tropics, the Arid Lands, and the Appearance of Great Art Styles in the New World. The Museum of Texas Tech University, Special Publication No. 7, pp. 115-158. Lubbock.

1977 Our Father the Caymen, our Mother the Gourd: Spinden Revisited, or a Unitary Model for the Emergence of Agriculture in the New World. In C. Reed, ed., Origins of Agriculture, pp. 713-52.

Meggers, B.

1994 Pre-Columbian Amazonia. Research and Exploration 10:398-421. National Geographic Society, Washington, D.C.

Meggers, B., and C. Evans

1956 The Reconstruction of Settlement Pattern in the South American Tropical Forest. In G. Willey, ed., Prehistoric Settlement Patterns in the New World, pp. 156-64. Viking Fund Publications in Anthropology No. 23. New York.

1957 Archaeological Investigations at the Mouth of the Amazon. Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 167. Washington, D.C.

1978 Lowland South America and the Antilles. In J. Jennings, ed., Ancient South Americans, pp. 543-91. San Francisco: Freeman.

1979 An Experimental Reconstruction of Taruma Village Succession and Some Implications. In M. Margolis and W. Carter, eds., Brazil: Anthropological Perspectives, Essays in Honor of Charles Wagley, pp. 39-60. New York: Columbia University Press.

Meltzer, D., J. Adovasio, and T. Dillehay

1994 On Pleistocene Human Occupation at Pedra Furada, Brazil. Antiquity, 68: 695-714.

Mora, S., L. Herrera, I. Cavelier, and C. Rodríguez

1991 Cultivars, Anthropick soils and Stability: A Preliminary Report of Archaeological Research in Araracuara, Colombian Amazonia. University of Pittsburgh Latin American Archaeology Publications, Pittsburgh.

Prous, A.

1991 Arqueologia Brasileira. Editora Universidade de Brasilia.

Raymond, S., et al.

1975 Cumancaya: A Peruvian Ceramic Tradition. University of Calgary Dept. of Anthropology, Occasional Papers No. 2.

Reanier, R. E., and W. Barse

1997 Dating A Paleoindian Site in the Amazon in Comparison with Clovis Culture. Science 275:1848- 1852. [Critique of Roosevelt 1995, with response from Roosevelt].

Roe, P., and P. Siegel

1986 Shipibo Archaeo-Ethnography: Site Formation Processes and Archaeological Interpretation. World Archaeology 18:96-115.

Roosevelt, A.

1980 Parmana: Prehistoric Maize and Manioc Subsistence along the Amazon and Orinoco. New York: Academic Press.

1987 Chiefdoms in the Amazon and Orinoco. In R. Drennan and C. Uribe, eds., Chiefdoms in the Americas, pp. 153-186. Lanham, Md.: University Press of America.

1989 Resource Management in Amazonia before the Conquest: Beyond Ethnographic Projection. Advances in Economic Botany, 7: 30-62.

1991 Moundbuilders of the Amazon: Geophysical Archaeology on Marajo Island, Brazil. New York: Academic Press.

1992 Secrets of the Forest: An Archaeologist Reappraises the Past -- and Future -- of Amazonia. The Sciences 32:6:22-28.

Roosevelt, A. (editor)

1994 Amazonian Indians: From Prehistory to the Present. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.

Roosevelt, A., R. Housley, M. Imazio da Dilveira, S. Maranca, and R. Johnson

1991b Eighth Millenium Pottery from a Prehistoric Shell Midden in the Brazilian Amazon. Science, 254: 1621-1624.

Schmitz, P.

1987 Prehistoric Hunters and Gatherers of Brazil. Journal of World Prehistory, 1: 53-126.

Sempé, M., and M. Caggiano

1995 Las culturas agroalfareras del Alto Uruguay (Missiones) Argentina. Revista do Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia, 5:27-38. Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Shady, R.

1987 Tradición y Cambio en las Sociedades Formativas de Bagua, Amazonas, Peru. Revista Andina, 5: 2: 457-487. Cuzco.

Stahl, P. (editor)

1995 Archaeology of the Lowland American Tropics: Current Analytical Methods and Applications. Cambridge University Press.

Van der Hammen, T.

1974 The Pleistocene Changes of Vegetation and Climate in Tropical South America. Journal of Biogeography, 1: 3-26.

Williams, D.

1992 El Arcaico en el Noroeste de Guyana y los Comienzos de la Horticultura. In B. Meggers (editor), Prehistoria Sudamericana, pp. 233-252. Taraxacum, Washington, D.C.

Wüst, I.

1992 Pre-Colonial Settlement Strategies in Bororo Territory, Brazil. In Archaeology and Environment in Latin America, edited by O. Ortiz-Troncoso and T. van der hammen, pp. 253-258. Proc. of the 46th Congress of Americanists, Amsterdam.

1994 The Eastern Bororo from an Archaeological Perspective. In Amazonian Indians from Prehistory to Present: Anthropological Perspectives, edited by A. Roosevelt, pp. 315-342. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.

1998 Continuities and Discontinuities: Archaeology and Ethnoarchaeology in the Heart of the Eastern Bororo Territory, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Antiquity 72:277:663-675.

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