Required Readings

* Andrews, James R. "Confrontation at Columbia: A Case Study in Coercive Rhetoric." Quarterly Journal of Speech 55 (1969): 9-16.

* Campbell, Karlyn Kohrs. "The Rhetoric of Women's Liberation: An Oxymoron." Quarterly Journal of Speech 59 (1973): 74-86.

Charland, Maurice. "Constitutive Rhetoric: The Case of the Peuple Québécois." Quarterly Journal of Speech 73 (1987): 133-50.

Dow, Bonnie J. "Fixing Feminism: Women's Liberation and the Rhetoric of Television." Quarterly Journal of Speech 90 (2004): 53-80.

Hauser, Gerard A. and Susan Whalen. "New Rhetoric and New Social Movements." Emerging Theories of Human Communication. Ed. Branislav Kovacic. Albany: SUNY UP, 1997. 115-40.

McCarthy, John D. and Mayer Zald, "Resource Mobilization and Social Movements: A Partial Theory." American Journal of Sociology 82 (1977): 1212-1241.

Medhurst, Martin J. "Resistance, Conservatism, and Theory Building: A Cautionary Note." Western Journal of Speech Communication 49 (1985): 103-15.

Morris, Aldon. "Reflections on Social Movement Theory: Criticisms and Proposals." Contemporary Sociology 29 (2000): 445-454.

Pezullo, Phaedra C. "Resisting 'National Breast Cancer Awareness Month': The Rhetoric of Counterpublics and Their Cultural Performance." Quarterly Journal of Speech 89 (2003): 345-65.

Pichardo, Nelson. "New Social Movements: A Critical Review." Annual Review of Sociology 23 (1997): 411-430.

Slagell, Amy R. "The Rhetorical Structure of Frances E. Willard's Campaign for Woman Suffrage, 1876-1896." Rhetoric and Public Affairs 4 (2001): 1-23.

* Simons, Herbert W. "Requirements, Problems, and Strategies: A Theory of Persuasion for Social Movements." Quarterly Journal of Speech 56 (1970): 1-11.

Smith-Rosenberg, Carroll. "Domesticating 'Virtue': Coquettes and Revolutionaries in Young America." Literature and the Body: Essays on Populations and Persons . Ed. Elaine Scarry. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1988. 160-184.

Suri, Jeremi. "The Global Disruption of 1968" (Chapter 5). Power and Protest: Global Revolution and the Rise of Detente. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2003.

Terrill, Robert E. "Protest, Prophecy, and Prudence in the Rhetoric of Malcolm X." Rhetoric and Public Affairs 4.1 (2001): 25-53.

* Zarefsky, David. "A Skeptical View of Movement Studies." Central States Speech Journal 31 (1990): 245-54.

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* Texts marked with an asterisk are available in Readings on the Rhetoric of Social Protest, ed. Charles E. Morris III and Stephen H. Browne (State College: Strata Publishing, 2001).

Optional Readings

Buechler, Steven M. Social Movements in Advanced Capitalism: The Political Economy and Cultural Construction of Social Activism . New York: Oxford UP, 2000.

Bush, Paula. "The Influence of Social Movements on Articulations of Race and Gender in Black Women's Autobiographies." Gender and Society 13 (1999): 120-137.

Browne, Stephen. Angelina Grimke: Rhetoric, Identity, and the Radical Imagination. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1999.

* Condit Railsback, Celeste. "The Contemporary American Abortion Controversy: Stages in the Argument." Quarterly Journal of Speech 70 (1984): 410-24.

Condit, Celeste Michelle and John Louis Lucaites. "The Rhetoric of Equality and the Expatriation of African-Americans, 1776-1826." Communication Studies 42 (1991): 1-21.

Crenshaw, Carrie and David R. Roskos-Ewoldsen. "Rhetoric, Racist Ideology, and Intellectual Leadership." Rhetoric and Public Affairs 2 (1999): 275-302.

* Darsey, James. "From 'Gay is Good' to the Scourge of AIDS: The Evolution of Gay Liberation Rhetoric, 1977-1990." Communication Studies 42 (1991): 43-66.

Dow, Bonnie J. Primetime Feminism: Television, Media Culture, and the Women's Movement Since 1970. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1996.

Einwohner, Rachel, et al. "Engendering Social Movements: Cultural Images and Movement Dynamics." Gender and Society 14 (2000): 679-699.

Ferree, Myra and David Merrill, "Hot Movements, Cold Cognition: Thinking about Social Movements in Gendered Frames." Contemporary Sociology 29 (2000): 454-462.

Giugni, Marco. "Was it Worth the Effort? The Outcomes and Consequences of Social Movements." Annual Review of Sociology 24 (1998): 371-393.

Griffin, Leland. "A Dramatistic Theory of the Rhetoric of Movements." Critical Responses to Kenneth Burke, 1922-1966. Ed. William H. Rueckert. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1969. 456-478.

Klandermans, Bert and Suzanne Staggenborg. "Introduction." Methods of Social Movement Research. Eds. Bert Klandermans and Suzanne Staggenborg. Minneapolis: U Minnesota P, 2002. Vol. 16 of Social Movements, Protest, and Contention. ix-xx.

Liu, Yameng. "Justifying My Position in Your Terms: Cross-Cultural Argumentation in a Globalized World." Argumentation 13 (1999): 297-315.

Lo, Clarence. "Countermovements and Conservative Movements in the Contemporary United States." Annual Review of Sociology 8 (1982): 107-34.

Lucaites, John Louis and Celeste Michelle Condit. "Reconstructing <Equality>: Culturetypical and Counter-Cultural Rhetorics in the Martyred Black Vision." Communication Monographs 57 (1990): 5-24.

Maddux, Kristy. "When Patriots Protest: The Anti-Suffrage Discursive Transformation of 1917." Rhetoric and Pulic Affairs 7 (2004): 283-311.

Meyer, David S. and Suzanne Staggenborg. "Movements, Countermovements, and the Structure of Political Opportunity." American Journal of Sociology 101 (1996): 1628-1660.

Rose, Fred. "Toward a Class-Cultural Theory of Social Movements: Reinterpreting New Social Movements." Sociological Forum 12 (1997): 461-494.

Schiappa, Edward. Defining Reality: Definitions and the Politics of Meaning. Southern Illinois UP, 2003.

Simons, Herbert W., Elizabeth Walker Mechling, and Howard N. Schreier. "The Functions of Human Communication in Mobilizing for Action from the Bottom Up: The Rhetoric of Social Movements." Handbook of Rhetorical and Communication Theory. Ed. Carroll C. Arnold and John Waite Bowers. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1984. 792-867.

Smith, Ralph R. and Russel R. Windes. "The Progay and Antigay Issue Culture: Interpretation, Influence and Dissent." Quarterly Journal of Speech 83 (1997): 28-48.

Stewart, Charles J. "The Internal Rhetoric of the Knights of Labor." Communication Studies 42 (1991): 67-82.

Stewart, Charles J., Craig Allen Smith, and Robert E. Denton, Jr. Persuasion and Social Movements. 3 rd ed. Prospect Heights: Waveland Press, 1994.

Thurner, Manuela. "'Better Citizens Without the Ballot': American Antisuffrage Women and Their Rationale During the Progressive Era." Journal of Women's History 5 (1993): 33-60.

Watson, Martha. Lives of Their Own: Rhetorical Dimensions in Autobiographies of Women Activists. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1999.

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* Texts marked with an asterisk are available in Readings on the Rhetoric of Social Protest, ed. Charles E. Morris III and Stephen H. Browne (State College: Strata Publishing, 2001).

Other Readings (updated periodically based on email contributions--not all citations have been verified)

Benford, Robert D. and David A. Snow. "Framing Processes and Social Movements: An Overview and Assessment." Annual Review of Sociology26 (2000): 611-639.

Biesecker, Barbara A. "Rethinking the Rhetorical Situation from Within the Thematic of Différance." Philosophy and Rhetoric 22 (1989): 110-30.

Billig, Michael. "Rhetorical Psychology, Ideological Thinking, and Imagining Nationhood." Social Movements and Culture. Eds. Hank Johnston and Bert Klandermans. Minneapolis: U Minnesota P, 1995. 64-81.

Bowers, John W., Donovan J. Ochs, and Richard J. Jensen. The Rhetoric of Agitation and Control. 1971. 2nd ed. Prospect Heights: Waveland, 1993.

Darsey, James. The Prophetic Tradition and Radical Rhetoric in America. New York: New York University UP, 1997.

DeLuca, Kevin Michael. Image Politics: The New Rhetoric of Environmental Activism. New York: Guilford, 1999.

Garner, Roberta. "Fifty Years of Social Movement Theory: An Interpretation." Introduction. Social Movement Theory and Research: An Annotated Bibliographical Guide. By Roberta Garner and John Tenuto. Lanham, MD: Magill Bibliographies, Scarecrow Press and Salem Press, 1997. 1-58.

Green, John C., James L. Guth, and Clyde Wilcox. "Less than Conquerors: The Christian Right in State Republican Parties." Social Movements and American Political Institutions. Ed. Anne N. Constain and Andrew S. McFarland. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 1998. 117-35.

* Griffin, Leland M. "The Rhetoric of Historical Movements." Quarterly Journal of Speech 38 (1952): 184-188.

Hammerback, John C. and Richard J. Jensen. The Rhetorical Career of Cesar Chavez. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1998.

Hariman, Robert. Political Style: The Artistry of Power. Chicago: U Chicago P, 1995.

Heirich, Max. The Spiral of Conflict: Berkeley 1964. New York and London: Columbia University Press, 1971.

Hunt, Scott A., Robert D. Benford, and David A. Snow. "Identity Fields: Framing Processes and the Social Construction of Movement Identities." New Social Movements: From Ideology to Identity. Ed. Enrique Laraña, Hank Johnston, and Joseph Gusfield. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1994. 185-208.

Jasinski, James. "The Feminization of Liberty, Domesticated Virtue, and the Reconstitution of Power and Authority in Early American Political Discourse." Quarterly Journal of Speech 79 (1983): 146-164.

Jenkins, J. Craig. "Resource Mobilization Theory and the Study of Social Movements." Annual Review of Sociology 9 (1983): 527-553.

Katzenstein, Mary Fainsod. Protest from Within: Feminism in the U.S. Military and American Catholic Church. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1998.

Laraña, Enrique, Hank Johnston, and Joseph Gusfield. New Social Movements: From Ideology to Identity. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1994.

Lee, Wenshu. "Patriotic Breeders or Colonized Converts: A Post-Colonial Approach to Anti-Footbinding Discourse in China." Communication and Identity Across Cultures. Ed. Dolores V. Tanno and Alberto Gonzalez. Sage, 1998.

Mayer, Margit. "Social Movement Research and Social Movement Practice: The U.S. Pattern." Research on Social Movements. Ed. Dieter Rucht. Boulder: Westview Press, 1991. 47-120.

Melucci, Alberto. "The Symbolic Challenge of Contemporary Movements." Social Research 52 (1985): 789-816.

McMillan, Gloria. "Keeping the Conversation Going: Jane Addams' 'A Modern Lear.'" Rhetoric Society Quarterly 32.3 (2002): 61-75.

* Scott, Robert L. and Donald K. Smith. "The Rhetoric of Confrontation." Quarterly Journal of Speech 55 (1969): 1-8.

Sharer, Wendy. Vote and Voice: Women's Organizations and Political Literacy, 1915-1930. Southern Illinois UP, 2004.

Simons, Herbert W., Elizabeth Walker Mechling, and Howard N. Schreier. "The Functions of Human Communication in Mobilizing for Action from the Bottom Up: The Rhetoric of Social Movements." Handbook of Rhetorical Communication Theory. Ed. Carroll C. Arnold and John Waite Bowers. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1984. 792-867.

Smith, Ralph R. and Russel R. Windes. Progay/Antigay: The Rhetorical War Over Sexuality. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, Inc., 2000.

Stewart, Charles J. "The Evolution of a Revolution: Stokely Carmichael and the Rhetoric of Black Power." Morris/Browne anthology; Quarterly Journal of Speech (1997).

Suri, Jeremi. Power and Protest: Global Revolution and the Rise of Detente. Cambridge: Harvard University Press,  2003.

Taylor, Verta. "Mobilizing for Change in a Social Movement Society." Contemporary Sociology 29 (2000): 219-230.

Vatz, Richard E. "The Myth of the Rhetorical Situation." Philosophy and Rhetoric 6 (1973): 154-61.

Windt, Theodore Otto. Presidents and Protesters: Political Rhetoric in the 1960s. Tuscaloosa and London: University of Alabama Press, 1990.

Zald, Mayer N. "Ideologically Structured Action: An Enlarged Agenda for Social Movement Research." Mobilization 5 (2000) 1-16.

To contribute to this list, please send an email to Alisse Portnoy at alisse@umich.edu.